Download or read book An Empirical Analysis of Population and Technological Progress written by Hisakazu Kato and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-13 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​Analyzing the relation between population factors and technological progress is the main purpose of this book. With its declining population, Japan faces the simple but difficult problem of whether sustained economic growth can be maintained. Although there are many studies to investigate future economic growth from the point of view of labor force transition and the decreasing saving rate, technological progress is the most important factor to be considered in the future path of the Japanese economy. Technological progress is the result of innovations or improvements in the quality of human and physical capital. The increase in technological progress, which is measured as total factor productivity (TFP), is realized both by improvements in productivity in the short term and by economic developments in the long term. The author investigates the relationship of population factors and productivity, focusing on productivity improvement in the short term. Many discussions have long been held about the relation between population and technological progress. From the old Malthusian model to the modern endogenous economic growth models, various theories are developed in the context of growth theory. In this book, these discussions are summarized briefly, with an analysis of the quantitative relation between population and technological progress using country-based panel data in recent periods.

Download or read book Population Technology and Development written by Priyatosh Maitra and published by Aldershot, Hampshire, England ; Brookfield, Vt., USA : Gower. This book was released on 1986 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Critically examines the theories of Malthus, Marx and Boserup in the context of the relationship between population growth and technological change in order to throw light on the problems of the development of the Third World countries facing population problems as a result of the transfer of technology from the developed countries.

Download or read book Demographic Change Technological Advances and Growth written by Cyn-Young Park and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper revisits the impact of population aging on economic growth. In order to understand the impact of population aging on economic growth, it is important to consider the changes in the entire age distribution of demography. Our empirical analysis indicates that a change in age distribution that increases the proportion of older people while reducing the working-age population lowers economic growth. We also investigate the effect of technological advances on the relation between population aging and economic growth, using four plausible proxies of technological advancement: life expectancy, labor productivity, automation, and total factor productivity. We find that increasing life expectancy and labor productivity benefit old age groups as they likely help older age groups contribute more positively to future growth. More automation also helps improve productivity of old age groups but in a different way. When robot density increases, old age groups become less disadvantaged compared to the young. Lastly, technological adoption enhances the growth contribution of productive age groups from the 30s to 60s when one compares low with high total factor productivity scenarios.

Download or read book The Economics of Population Growth written by Julian Lincoln Simon and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comparison with stationary and very fast rates of population growth shows modern population grwoth to have long-run positive effects on the standards of living. This is Julian Simon's contention, and he provides support for its validity in both more and less-developed countries. He notes that since each person constitutes a burden in the short run, whether population growth is judged good or bad depends on the importance the short run is accorded relative to the long run. The author first analyzes empirical data, formulating his conclusions using simulation models. He then reviews our knowledge of the effect of economic level upon population growth. A final section of his book considers the framework of welfare economics and values within which population policy decisions are now made. He finds that the implications of policy decisions can prove inconsistent with the values that prompt their recommendation. Originally published in 1977. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Download or read book Human Capital written by Gary S. Becker and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diverse array of factors may influence both earnings and consumption; however, this work primarily focuses on the impact of investments in human capital upon an individual's potential earnings and psychic income. For this study, investments in human capital include such factors as educational level, on-the-job skills training, health care, migration, and consideration of issues regarding regional prices and income. Taking into account varying cultures and political regimes, the research indicates that economic earnings tend to be positively correlated to education and skill level. Additionally, studies indicate an inverse correlation between education and unemployment. Presents a theoretical overview of the types of human capital and the impact of investment in human capital on earnings and rates of return. Then utilizes empirical data and research to analyze the theoretical issues related to investment in human capital, specifically formal education. Considered are such issues as costs and returns of investments, and social and private gains of individuals. The research compares and contrasts these factors based upon both education and skill level. Areas of future research are identified, including further analysis of issues regarding social gains and differing levels of success across different regions and countries. (AKP).

Download or read book The Demographics of Innovation written by James Liang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the population ages, which nation will rise to lead innovation in the future? Demographics of Innovation takes a deep, investigative look at the link between economic growth, innovation, vitality and entrepreneurship in an aging population, and provides smart strategy for the future. Written by a Stanford-trained economist and demographics expert, who is also a prominent internet entrepreneur, this book examines demographic trends across nations and digs into the divergence to find awakening innovation. An aging population hampers growth; while many are focused on the care-related financial burden, few have fully explored the ways in which a seismic demographic shift could transform the face of global business. This book charts the trends, connects the dots and reveals which nations will be best placed to build an innovation economy and grow in the future. Global business is set to undergo a revolution as aging populations mired in old thinking become left behind by younger, brighter, more forward-looking generations. Innovation loss is the first step in stagnation, so the question becomes: who will win and who will lose in this new world order? This book presents clear analysis of the coming demographic bomb, and proposes insightful strategy for the short and long term. Delve into the aging of society and the economic issues it creates Learn how shifting demographics affects innovation and prosperity Examine trends in growth, policy and more alongside the rise in average age Make smarter planning decisions in light of the changing population The problems of overpopulation pale in comparison to the problem of aging on a massive global scale. Demographics dictate growth rates, economic equilibrium, interest rates and so much more. Demographics of Innovation provides thought-provoking analysis and strategy for policy makers, business leaders, investors, entrepreneurs and everyone concerned about planning for an uncertain future.

Download or read book Political Arithmetic written by Robert William Fogel and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We take for granted today that the assessments, measurements, and forecasts of economists are crucial to the decision-making of governments and businesses alike. But less than a century ago that wasn’t the case—economists simply didn’t have the necessary information or statistical tools to understand the ever more complicated modern economy. With Political Arithmetic, Nobel Prize–winning economist Robert Fogel and his collaborators tell the story of economist Simon Kuznets, the founding of the National Bureau of Economic Research, and the creation of the concept of GNP, which for the first time enabled us to measure the performance of entire economies. The book weaves together the many strands of political and economic thought and historical pressures that together created the demand for more detailed economic thinking—Progressive-era hopes for activist government, the production demands of World War I, Herbert Hoover’s interest in business cycles as President Harding’s commerce secretary, and the catastrophic economic failures of the Great Depression—and shows how, through trial and error, measurement and analysis, economists such as Kuznets rose to the occasion and in the process built a discipline whose knowledge could be put to practical use in everyday decision-making. The product of a lifetime of studying the workings of economies and skillfully employing the tools of economics, Political Arithmetic is simultaneously a history of a key period of economic thought and a testament to the power of applied ideas.

Download or read book The Demographic Dividend written by David Bloom and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2003-02-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is long-standing debate on how population growth affects national economies. A new report from Population Matters examines the history of this debate and synthesizes current research on the topic. The authors, led by Harvard economist David Bloom, conclude that population age structure, more than size or growth per se, affects economic development, and that reducing high fertility can create opportunities for economic growth if the right kinds of educational, health, and labor-market policies are in place. The report also examines specific regions of the world and how their differing policy environments have affected the relationship between population change and economic development.

Download or read book Handbook of Economic Growth written by Philippe Aghion and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-21 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring survey articles by leading economists working on growth theory, this two-volume set covers theories of economic growth, the empirics of economic growth, and growth policies and mechanisms. It also covers technology, trade and geography, and growth and socio-economic development.

Download or read book Endogenous Technological Progress Population and Long Run Economic Growth written by Rajabrata Banerjee and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The underlying central theme that drives this thesis is endogenous technological progress and its contributions to long run economic growth. Over the past four hundred years we have seen dynamic patterns of growth that have varied across countries and over time. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries Britain was the technological leader, with Germany and France catching up, and then in the twentieth century the world saw a new technological leader, where the United States forged ahead of Europe. This thesis is a collection of three self-contained studies where in each chapter one important technological epoch is examined back in time. Moreover, to understand the different forces of economic growth and to characterize each stage of development a time series estimation method is chosen, using dynamic time series techniques and estimation methods. The first study of this thesis is a journal article co-authored with my thesis supervisors (revised and resubmitted to Journal of Economic Growth), where, using long historical data for Britain over the period 1620-2006, we seek to explain the importance of innovative activity and population growth in inducing the transition from the Malthusian trap to the post-Malthusian growth regime in Britain. Furthermore, the paper tests the ability of two competing second-generation endogenous growth models to explain the British Industrial Revolution. The results suggest that innovative activity was an important force in shaping the Industrial Revolution and that the British growth experience is consistent with Schumpeterian growth theory. The second study in this thesis is a chapter solely written by me; however findings from this chapter have also been written up as a journal article and submitted to "European Economic Review", where the article is currently under review. The journal paper titled "Innovation, Technological Change and the British Agricultural Revolution" and is co-authored with my thesis supervisors. In the second study, the roles of technological progress in advancing the productivity growth in British agriculture in the period 1620-1850 are examined. Two different indicators of technological progress are considered, namely, agricultural patents issued and number of technical books published on farming. In doing so, the modern endogenous growth models have been tested, namely, the Schumpeterian and Semi-endogenous models of economic growth, where support was acquired in favour of Schumpeterian growth model. The third and final study explores the contributions of technological progress on a sectoral basis to shed some light on the phenomenon of 'America's catching-up and forging ahead of Britain'. This study finds that agriculture and service sectors contributed significantly to the US take-off period. Furthermore, increased research intensity, R&D investments, together with increasing returns to land in the agricultural sector; and major transformations in the transport sector, paved the way for the American economy to grow faster than its counterparts in Britain. Overall, contributions from all three chapters fill a number of important gaps in the literature and show that accurate explanations of the mechanisms behind technological epochs back in time can have significant policy implications for both advanced and currently growing economies.

Download or read book Unequal We Stand written by Jonathan Heathcote and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors conducted a systematic empirical study of cross-sectional inequality in the U.S., integrating data from various surveys. The authors follow the mapping suggested by the household budget constraint from individual wages to individual earnings, to household earnings, to disposable income, and, ultimately, to consumption and wealth. They document a continuous and sizable increase in wage inequality over the sample period. Changes in the distribution of hours worked sharpen the rise in earnings inequality before 1982, but mitigate its increase thereafter. Taxes and transfers compress the level of income inequality, especially at the bottom of the distribution, but have little effect on the overall trend. Charts and tables. This is a print-on-demand publication; it is not an original.

Download or read book R D Innovation and Economic Growth written by Hulya Ulku and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the main postulations of the R&D based growth models that innovation is created in the R&D sectors and it enables sustainable economic growth, provided that there are constant returns to innovation in terms of R&D. The analysis employs various panel data techniques and uses patent and R&D data for 20 OECD and 10 Non-OECD countries for the period 1981-97. The results suggest a positive relationship between per capita GDP and innovation in both OECD and non-OECD countries, while the effect of R&D stock on innovation is significant only in the OECD countries with large markets. Although these results provide support for endogenous growth models, there is no evidence for constant returns to innovation in terms of R&D, implying that innovation does not lead to permanent increases in economic growth. However, these results do not necessarily suggest a rejection of R&D based growth models, given that neither patent nor R&D data capture the full range of innovation and R&D activities.

Download or read book Technological Progress Renewable Resources and Endogenous Population Growth written by Rafael Reuveny and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Revisiting Growth and Convergence written by Charalambos G. Tsangarides and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article summarizes the publication "Revisiting Gowth and Convergence: Is Africa Catching Up?" The neoclassical Solow framework has been the workhorse for empirical analysis of growth in industrial and developing countries. In this framework, steady state economic growth depends on exogenous technological progress and population growth. In particular, without technological progress, output per capita does not grow. An important feature of the neoclassical model that has been the central focus of empirical work is the convergence property: output levels of countries with similar technologies converge to a given level in the steady state. In the end, ceteris paribus, the lagging poor countries will tend to catch up with the rich. Using cross-sectional analysis the majority of the literature seems to have reached a consensus on the issue of convergence: the poor do catch up with the rich, at a rate of 2-3 percent per year. The obvious shortcoming of the neoclassical model is that long-run per capita growth is determined by the exogenous rate of technological progress. Work on endogenous growth theory has introduced alternative models that explain long-run growth, and provide a theory of technological progress: growth is generated by factors other than exogenous technical change.

Download or read book Technological Change and the Environment written by Arnulf Grübler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much is written in the popular literature about the current pace of technological change. But do we have enough scientific knowledge about the sources and management of innovation to properly inform policymaking in technology dependent domains such as energy and the environment? While it is agreed that technological change does not 'fall from heaven like autumn leaves,' the theory, data, and models are deficient. The specific mechanisms that govern the rate and direction of inventive activity, the drivers and scope for incremental improvements that occur during technology diffusion, and the spillover effects that cross-fertilize technological innovations remain poorly understood. In a work that will interest serious readers of history, policy, and economics, the editors and their distinguished contributors offer a unique, single volume overview of the theoretical and empirical work on technological change. Beginning with a survey of existing research, they provide analysis and case studies in contexts such as medicine, agriculture, and power generation, paying particular attention to what technological change means for efficiency, productivity, and reduced environmental impacts. The book includes a historical analysis of technological change, an examination of the overall direction of technological change, and general theories about the sources of change. The contributors empirically test hypotheses of induced innovation and theories of institutional innovation. They propose ways to model induced technological change and evaluate its impact, and they consider issues such as uncertainty in technology returns, technology crossover effects, and clustering. A copublication o Resources for the Future (RFF) and the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).

Download or read book The Effects of Technological Change on Earnings and Income Inequality in the United States written by McKinley L. Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Technological Change on Earnings and Income Inequality Inthe United States written by McKinley L. Blackburn and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the relationship between technological change and inequality in the U.S. since the late 1960's. The analysis focuses primarily on studying patterns and trends in the dispersion of various distributions of earnings and income during this recent period of rapid technological progress. We review relevant literature and perform several empirical analyses using microdata from the March Current Population Surveys from 1968 to 1986. Our main findings are that there is little empirical evidence that earnings inequality, measured across individual workers, has increased since the late 1960's, and even less evidence to support the hypothesis that any changes that have occurred have resulted from the effect of technological change on the demand for labor. However, we do find evidence of an increase since the late 1960's in the inequality of total family income, measured across families. Moreover, much of the increase appears to be due to changes in family composition and labor supply behavior, suggesting that the main effects of recent technological change on inequality have been supply-side in nature.