Download or read book An Economic Efficiency Analysis of Crop Producing Farms in Uzbekistan written by Aziz Karimov and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurzbeschreibung Während die landwirtschaftlichen Produktivitätsfortschritte von der Entwicklung der Gesamtwirtschaft eines Landes abhängen, spielt die effiziente Nutzung von landwirtschaftlichen Inputs eine wichtige Rolle für das Wachstum des Farmsektors. In Diskussionen über angemessene Politiken für Länder im Transformationsprozess ist auf diesen Unterschied oft hingewiesen worden. Dennoch gibt es bisher kaum quantitative Analysen der Effizienz der Ressourcennutzung während des Transformationsprozesses in den zentralasiatischen Ländern. Die vorliegende Studie ist eine der ersten, die für Usbekistan empirische Evidenz über die Effizienzniveaus bei der Produktion von Baumwolle, Weizen und Gemüse liefert. Auf der Basis von Querschnittsdaten des Landwirtschafts-Surveys von 2007 für die usbekischen Regionen Khorezm und Fergana wird die Ressourcennutzung der landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe untersucht. Methodisch kommen sowohl parametrische als auch nicht-parametrische Verfahren der „Frontier Analysis“ zur Anwendung. Im Fall der Baumwollproduktion wurde ein theoretisch konsistentes Frontier-Modell entwickelt, um technische Effizienzniveaus zu messen und Gründe für Ineffizienz zu bestimmen. Die verwendete Analysetechnik erlaubt es, sowohl monotone als auch quasi-konkave Restriktionen in einem semiparametrischen Umfeld zu betrachten. Die empirischen Ergebnisse der Modelanalyse zeigen Effizienzniveaus von 85% bzw. 88% für Khorezm und Fergana. Sie belegen, dass es auch ohne die Einführung neuer Technologien Spielräume für eine Erhöhung der Baumwollproduktion gibt. Für die Weizen und Gemüse produzierenden landwirtschaftlichen Betriebe wurde eine erweiterte „Data Envelopment Analysis“ entwickelt, um für diese Betriebe fehler-korrigierte Effizienzniveaus zu schätzen. Die empirischen Ergebnisse belegen, dass erhebliche Spielräume zur Steigerung der technischen Effizienz bestehen. Zudem erreichten effiziente Betriebe höhere Ernteerträge in beiden Teilregionen. Diese Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass nicht nur Betriebsgrößen eine Rolle spielen sondern auch das Management der Produktion sowohl in kleinen als auch in größeren Betrieben. Hinsichtlich der Bestimmungsgründe für die Nutzung landwirtschaftlicher Inputs zeigen die Analysen, dass die Effizienz bei strategischen Erzeugnissen auf Böden mit niedrigem Bonitätsgrad und im Fall von Gemüse auf Böden mit höherem Bonitätsgrad höher ist. Ein ausreichender Zugang zu Bewässerung erhöht die technische Effizienz bei der Produktion aller untersuchter Erzeugnisse. Jedoch wurde ein statistisch signifikantes Ergebnis nur für die Produktion von Kartoffeln gefunden. Die Analyse nach Regionen zeigt, dass die Farmer in Khorezm bei allen Erzeugnissen weniger effizient sind als die in Fergana. Weitere statistisch signifikante Bestimmungsgründe für die technische Effizienz bei der Baumwollproduktion waren die nicht-landwirtschaftliche Beschäftigung von Farmern, ihr Ausbildungsgrad und ihre Erfahrung in der Landwirtschaft, ihre Zufriedenheit mit den Angeboten der Wasser-Nutzer-Vereinigungen sowie die Qualität ihrer Bewässerungsanlagen, der Zugang zu Krediten und schließlich die Verwendung von organischem Dünger. Für Getreide und Gemüse ergaben sich folgende statistisch signifikante Ergebnisse: Die Effizienz steigt mit der Größe der Farmen (Kartoffeln); sie ist ebenfalls größer in Gebieten mit ähnlicher Produktionsstruktur sowie in Farmen, die von den Märkten weit entfernt liegen (Weizen, Kartoffeln); und schließlich in Farmen mit einem besseren Bewässerungssystem (Weizen). Basierend auf der Dualität zwischen der direktionalen Distanz- und der Kostenfunktion ergibt sich allokative Ineffizienz in der Gemüseproduktion. Die Modelergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Gemüse produzierende Farmen ihre Inputkosten und mengen erheblich reduzieren könnten ohne ihr Output-Niveau zu senken. Dies bedeutet, dass alle Gemüseproduzenten Schwierigkeiten haben, einen optimalen Input-Output Mix zu erreichen. Und schließlich schätzt das Model Schattenpreise für Boden und Arbeit unter den Bedingungen ineffizienter Produktion, die sowohl für Politiker als auch für Wissenschaftler von Interesse sein können. Benchmarking kann ein nützlicher Ansatz sein, um die technische und die allokative Effizienz der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion in Usbekistan zu verbessern. Mit markt-orientierten Reformen der Agrarpolitik und besseren Anreizen für Farmer können ineffiziente Farmer von „best practices“ lernen und innovative und kosteneffiziente Methoden der landwirschaftlichen Produktion im gegebenen institutionellen Rahmen anwenden. Description While increasing agricultural crop productivity depends on the performance of a country's entire economy, the efficient use of farm inputs plays an important role in the growth of the farming sector. This issue has often been mentioned in policy debates of transition countries. However, quantitative assessment of resource use efficiency studies has been very limited in the case of Central Asian (CA) countries in their ongoing transition period. This study is one of the first to provide empirical evidence on the efficiency levels in the production of cotton, wheat, and vegetables in Uzbekistan. It uses cross-sectional farm survey data for 2007 from the Khorezm and Fergana regions of Uzbekistan to study farm performance in resource utilization. Both parametric and nonparametric frontier techniques were used in the efficiency analysis. In the case of cotton production, a theoretically consistent stochastic frontier model (SFM) was developed to estimate technical efficiency (TE) levels and determine factors that are responsible for inefficiency. The analytical technique applied considered monotonicity and quasiconcavity restrictions in the semi-parametric setting. Model findings report TE scores of 85% and 88% in the Khorezm and Fergana regions. These results show the existence of potential enhancements in cotton production even before the introduction of new technologies. The study methodologically extended Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to provide bias corrected efficiency scores on wheat and vegetable producing farms. Model findings show that these farms could increase their TE considerably. Moreover, efficient farms achieved higher crop yields in both regions. Farmers were more scale-efficient but not technically efficient in the case of all crops. This suggests that attention has to be paid not only to the scale of operations but also to better management of crop production both on small and large farms. Interesting findings from SFM and DEA show that efficiency is greater in arable lands with lower bonitet scores in the cultivation of strategic crops and larger in lands with higher bonitet scores in the case of vegetables. Access to adequate irrigation is critical in the production of all crops as it substantially increases TE. Crop diversification seems to improve farm TE in the production of all crops. However, a statistically significant result is found only in the case of potato production. Regional differences show a geographical divide in terms of resource-use efficiency, with farmers in Khorezm being less efficient in the production of all crops. Other variables which showed positive significant result with TE in the case of cotton were farmers who were not involved in off-farm work; farmers with educational background and experience in agriculture; those satisfied with the services of the Water User Association (WUA) and who had a renovated drainage system; farmers with easier access to credit; and those who applied organic manure to cotton fields. In the case of wheat and vegetables, significant results were as follows: farmers with larger farm size only for potato producing farms); those who reported potential to work in larger crop growing areas (wheat and potato); those with farm fields far away from markets (wheat and potato); farmers using less chemicals in production (melon); and those with better canal systems (wheat). Using the duality between the directional distance function and the cost function, the study also finds allocative inefficiency (AI) in the vegetable farming system. Model results suggest that it is possible for vegetable-producing farms to substantially reduce input costs and quantities and still maintain current output levels. Model estimates show that vegetable producing farms cannot allocate their resources cost effectively. This implies that all producers have struggled to attain optimum input–output mixes. Finally, the model shows estimates of shadow prices of land and labor in the existence of inefficiencies which could be of great interest to policy makers and researchers. A benchmarking approach to set up frontier farms can be a useful analytical tool in identifying better performing farms with the purpose of improving technical and allocative efficiency (AE) of crop production in Uzbekistan. Insofar as market-based reforms could take place in the country and better incentives are provided to the farmers, inefficient farmers could learn from farming best practices and adopt explicit agronomic, innovative, and cost-effective ways of cultivating crops under the current institutional setting.

Download or read book Cotton Water Salts and Soums written by Christopher Martius and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-18 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes a long-term research project addressing land and water use in the irrigated areas of the Aral Sea basin. In an interdisciplinary approach, natural and human sciences are combined to elucidate the challenges of economic transition that affect the use of land, water and biological resources, ecological sustainability, economic efficiency and the livelihoods of the local population. The research focuses on Khorezm, a region in Uzbekistan, located on the Amudarya river, in the heart of Central Asia. A series of chapters describes the biophysical environment and the aspects of society and institutions that shape land and water use. The book discusses options and tools to improve land and water management, and to reform the economic system management, based on agronomic, hydrological, economic ans social studies and modeling. The insights are not only important for Uzbekistan, but for all countries in transitions and irrigated dryland areas elsewhere.

Download or read book Agriculture in a Transition Economy written by Evelina Budjurova and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of existing national policies and legislation that enable or inhibit the wider use of underutilized plant species for food and agriculture in Uzbekistan written by and published by Crops for the Future. This book was released on with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Resilience in farm technical efficiency and enabling factors Insights from panel farm enterprise surveys in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan written by Takeshima, Hiroyuki and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2023-11-28 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic resilience within the agrifood system is becoming increasingly crucial for assuring sustainable development. This is particularly so in regions with volatile and fragile environments, including Central Asia. Evidence remains scarce regarding what factors can enhance the economic resilience of agents within the agrifood system, including the resilience of productivity and technical efficiency. We partly fill this knowledge gap using the unique panel datasets of farm enterprises in Uzbekistan and southern Kazakhstan, collected in 2019 and 2022, during which these enterprises experienced significant economic shocks in input prices. Using novel methods that combine Inverse Probability Weighting and panel stochastic frontier analyses models, we show that farmers who received more agricultural training and who had been granted greater autonomy in their production decisions in 2018 experienced greater resilience in technical efficiency despite the need to reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and oil/diesel in response to their price surges. Our findings suggest that providing critical public goods like information (related to training) and enabling environment (related to decision-making autonomy) can potentially enhance the resilience in the technical efficiency of farm enterprises. Furthermore, with chemical fertilizer and oil/diesel being potentially environmentally harmful inputs, these farmers also indirectly demonstrated resilience toward environmental sustainability.

Download or read book Restructuring land allocation water use and agricultural value chains written by John P. A. Lamers and published by V&R Unipress. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Central Asia underwent an agricultural transformation in the 20th century that was neither efficient nor sustainable. There is a need for innovations that will remedy these deficits by reversing environmental degradation and ensuring poverty alleviation. This book provides science-based findings and recommendations for restructuring land and water use and agricultural value chains to enable ecologically and economically sound practices that increase resource use efficiency, rehabilitate ecosystem functions, and enhance rural incomes. Innovations were designed in concert with stakeholders. The prospective benefits are shown for the Khorezm region, part of the lower Amudarya region, Uzbekistan, but the findings can be extrapolated to regions facing similar agro-ecological challenges.

Download or read book Policy Reforms and Agriculture Development in Central Asia written by Sandjar Djalalov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-02 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving sustainable agricultural development is at the forefront of the poverty reduction objective of the Central Asian republics - Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Since independence, the countries of the Central Asian region have undergone a series of transition from centrally planned economies to a more market oriented system. Wide-ranging policy reforms have been implemented, although in varying degrees, in the five Central Asian countries. Despite great efforts by the countries and the external advice and efforts of international agencies to help them to follow a dynamic growth path, the progress in policy reforms has been frustratingly slow. Generating momentum to reorient the approach and the sequencing of policy reform packages will require rethinking of the policy reform process. This is particularly so in the food, agriculture, and natural resource sectors. This further requires improved understanding among the policymakers, donors, and international agencies of the impact of policy alternatives so that policy reforms and the speed with which they have been implemented are consistent with the objectives and the social and political realities of individual countries in the region. Involving the local policy research community in identifying critical issues and challenges, setting priorities among them for food and agricultural and natural resource policy research and analysis, and implementing joint research studies is the best way to generate knowledge on the impact of policy reforms and to increase ownership of policy design and implementation.

Download or read book Making Farmland Work for Economic Development in Uzbekistan written by Sergiy Zorya and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is produced on farmland is critical to the agriculture sector outcomes. If other objectives, such as farm incomes, jobs, water security, were considered as important as producing more of wheat and cotton in Uzbekistan, the farmland use structure will have looked differently. This report offers an example of more balanced allocation of farmland, which can increase agricultural production by 51 percent, employ 16 percent more people in primary agriculture, and save 11 percent water by 2030. All this can be achieved without undermining food security (for example, wheat supply) and development of textile industry. Outlooks are subject to uncertainty and the identified gains may not be necessarily realized. Yet, the benefits of more balanced farmland use are too large to be ignored for the future of agriculture development in Uzbekistan.

Download or read book Economics of Land Degradation and Improvement A Global Assessment for Sustainable Development written by Ephraim Nkonya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-11 with total page 695 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume deals with land degradation, which is occurring in almost all terrestrial biomes and agro-ecologies, in both low and high income countries and is stretching to about 30% of the total global land area. About three billion people reside in these degraded lands. However, the impact of land degradation is especially severe on livelihoods of the poor who heavily depend on natural resources. The annual global cost of land degradation due to land use and cover change (LUCC) and lower cropland and rangeland productivity is estimated to be about 300 billion USD. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) accounts for the largest share (22%) of the total global cost of land degradation. Only about 38% of the cost of land degradation due to LUCC - which accounts for 78% of the US$300 billion loss – is borne by land users and the remaining share (62%) is borne by consumers of ecosystem services off the farm. The results in this volume indicate that reversing land degradation trends makes both economic sense, and has multiple social and environmental benefits. On average, one US dollar investment into restoration of degraded land returns five US dollars. The findings of the country case studies call for increased investments into the rehabilitation and restoration of degraded lands, including through such institutional and policy measures as strengthening community participation for sustainable land management, enhancing government effectiveness and rule of law, improving access to markets and rural services, and securing land tenure. The assessment in this volume has been conducted at a time when there is an elevated interest in private land investments and when global efforts to achieve sustainable development objectives have intensified. In this regard, the results of this volume can contribute significantly to the ongoing policy debate and efforts to design strategies for achieving sustainable development goals and related efforts to address land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.

Download or read book Land use food and nutrition security written by Boris Gojenko and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2014-11-25 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Guaranteeing food security is of critical importance for Central Asia region due to its landlocked nature, big numbers and low incomes of rural population, and transition from planned centralized economy to the market economy. During the transition from planned to market economies, the Central Asian Republics (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan) experienced rising poverty, food insecurity and malnutrition as well as serious degradation of natural resources, in particular of water and land. The transition to a market oriented economy has not been adequately supported by institutional development which resulted in a decline in the living standards of the population and which has further caused in high levels of food insecurity and malnutrition. This contribution provides an empirical examination of the current state and prospects of food and nutrition security in rural area of Uzbekistan. The goal of the present study was to determine the main factors influencing food and nutrition status of farm households such as the level of education and income, kind and number of crops produced on homestead plot and on farm land, profitability of these crops, etc. The main methodological instrument for analysis was the logistic regression modeling. The contribution is finalized by author’s recommendations for further improvement of food and nutrition security in Uzbekistan.

Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.

Download or read book New Uzbekistan written by Bakhrom Mirkasimov and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-02 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews and analyses the comprehensive socioeconomic reforms undertaken in Uzbekistan since 2016 by the government led by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev. The volume takes the reader through the different sectors of the economy and the effects of reforms on the country’s citizens. The various developments are detailed, examining the gains and the gaps in terms of policy and implementation. Using the broad tools of economics and, in particular, of development economics, the authors present evidence to drive their conclusions and recommendations, and also draw on comparative cases from policy and practice to illustrate alternative approaches and results from measures in other transition countries. Implementing Uzbekistan’s ambitious economic transformation into a market economy is a challenging process that takes time. This book provides the first systematic and comprehensive discussion of the government’s reform areas, including the macroeconomic fundamentals, business and investment climate, the energy, transport, health, education, social protection, financial, banking and agriculture sectors, regional trade, tourism and transport connectivity, reform of state-owned enterprises, as well as public services, citizen engagement and gender equality.

Download or read book Looking Beyond the Horizon written by William R. Sutton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2013-04-04 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The risks and opportunities of climate change for agriculture can be effectively dealt only by aligning policies, developing institutional capabilities, and investing in infrastructure and farms, as per the experiences of Albania, FYR Macedonia, Moldova, and Uzbekistan.

Download or read book The Eighteenth International Conference on Management Science and Engineering Management written by Jiuping Xu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Policy Reforms and Agriculture Development in Central Asia written by Sandjar Djalalov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Achieving sustainable agricultural development is at the forefront of the poverty reduction objective of the Central Asian republics - Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Since independence, the countries of the Central Asian region have undergone a series of transition from centrally planned economies to a more market oriented system. Wide-ranging policy reforms have been implemented, although in varying degrees, in the five Central Asian countries. Despite great efforts by the countries and the external advice and efforts of international agencies to help them to follow a dynamic growth path, the progress in policy reforms has been frustratingly slow. Generating momentum to reorient the approach and the sequencing of policy reform packages will require rethinking of the policy reform process. This is particularly so in the food, agriculture, and natural resource sectors. This further requires improved understanding among the policymakers, donors, and international agencies of the impact of policy alternatives so that policy reforms and the speed with which they have been implemented are consistent with the objectives and the social and political realities of individual countries in the region. Involving the local policy research community in identifying critical issues and challenges, setting priorities among them for food and agricultural and natural resource policy research and analysis, and implementing joint research studies is the best way to generate knowledge on the impact of policy reforms and to increase ownership of policy design and implementation.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Input Subsidies written by Ephraim Chirwa and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes forward our understanding of agricultural input subsidies in low income countries.