Download or read book An Approach to the Highway Alignment Development Process Using Genetic Algorithm Based Optimisation written by Botan Ahmad Al-Hadad and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highway alignment development is recognised as a non-linear constrained optimisation problem. It is affected by many economical, social, and environmental factors subject to many design constraints. The highway alignment development process is therefore considered complex but very important. Highway alignment development is about finding an optimum alignment solution between two termini points in a 3D space, subject to several constraints. The development process using the current method is considered complex because of the number of the design elements involved, their interactions, and the formulations required to relate them to a realistic highway alignment. Moreover, it is considered that an alignment, generated using the existing method, results in a sub-optimal solution. This is due to the fact that the two alignments (horizontal and vertical alignments) are found in two independent stages and from only a handful number of alternative evaluations. This research reports on a new approach for improving the process of highway alignment development by utilising modern technologies. It proposes a novel design approach, as an alternative to the existing method, for highway alignment development in a three-dimensional space (considering the horizontal and vertical alignments simultaneously). It describes a method for highway alignment development through station points. Station points, as points along the centre line of alignment which are defined by their X, Y, and Z coordinates, are used to define the alignment configuration. The research also considers the implications of access provision (in term of junctions) and their locations on highway alignment. The environmental factors (noise and air pollution in terms of proximity distance) and accessibility (user and link construction costs in terms of access costs) are embedded in the formulations required to represent junctions in the model. The proposed approach was tested through the development of a genetic algorithms based optimisation model. To achieve this, several algorithms were developed to perform the search. The evaluation of the solutions was handled by a fitness function that includes construction (length), location (land acquisition, environmentally sensitive areas, and soil condition), and earthwork (fill and cut material) dependent costs. Other forms of costs that are quantifiable can also be incorporated within the fitness function. The critical constraints, believed important for realistic alignments (horizontal curvature, vertical curvature, and maximum gradient) are also dealt with within the model formulation. The experimental results show that the problem of highway alignment can be better represented using the concept of station points, by which better alignment solutions (global or near global solutions) were achieved. It was also shown that the alignment development process could be simplified through the use of station points, resulting in the efficient evaluation of more alternatives. Furthermore, the results conclude that a highway alignment cannot be optimum unless it is simultaneously optimised with junctions. Further investigations and development are also recommended for future studies.
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence In Highway Location And Alignment Optimization Applications Of Genetic Algorithms In Searching Evaluating And Optimizing Highway Location And Alignments written by Min-wook Kang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-08-14 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides a comprehensive overview of methods for searching, evaluating, and optimizing highway location and alignments using genetic algorithms (GAs), a powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique. It presents a two-level programming structure to deal with the effects of varying highway location on traffic level changes in surrounding road networks within the highway location search and alignment optimization process. In addition, the proposed method evaluates environmental impacts as well as all relevant highway costs associated with its construction, operation, and maintenance. The monograph first covers various search methods, relevant cost functions, constraints, computational efficiency, and solution quality issues arising from optimizing the highway alignment optimization (HAO) problem. It then focuses on applications of a special-purpose GA in the HAO problem where numerous highway alignments are generated and evaluated, and finally the best ones are selected based on costs, traffic impacts, safety, energy, and environmental considerations. A review of other promising optimization methods for the HAO problem is also provided in this monograph.
Download or read book Multi objective Highway Alignment Optimization written by Avijit Maji and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highway alignment optimization algorithms available at present use the total cost as the objective function. The travel time cost, vehicle operating cost, accident cost, earthwork cost, land acquisition cost, and pavement and construction costs are the basic components of the total cost. This is a single-objective optimization approach and it has limited capability in considering cost component with different units. This approach uses the information of environmental impact, socioeconomic impact, impacts on historic sites and other sensitive areas in the total cost by transforming them to monetary values. It has limitation in yielding a set of alternatives with different level of trade-off among the objective values. Moreover, this process cannot yield a set of alternative solutions from a single execution of the method. The dissertation presents a multi-objective approach to overcome these shortcomings. Analyzing different cost components and objectives for highway alignment optimization, it is observed that depending on the study area, some of the obtained alignments may be conflicting in nature, i.e., minimizing one cost component or objective value may yield an alignment with higher cost component or objective values. This leads to the study of the alternatives that might be obtained by trade-off among different cost components and other objective values. The multi-objective optimization has the potential to yield a set of alternatives with trade-off option. Generally, a Pareto-optimal front is designed to examine the trade-offs among two different objectives. In the available highway alignment optimization approach, Points of Intersections (PIs) are considered as the decision variables. The highway alignment objectives depend on factors such as traffic growth, study area, and economic indices, which makes it difficult to represent them as an explicit function of the desired decision variables. To add to the complexity, the cost components and objectives are not continuous within the search space. Available multi-objective optimization algorithms do not address this issue. Therefore, there is a need to develop a multi-objective optimization algorithm that can efficiently and effectively optimize problems such as highway alignment optimization. In this research, Genetic Algorithm (GA) based multi-objective optimization algorithms are specially developed for highway alignment design and optimization. This will have the capability to yield a set of trade-off alternatives. Mathematical formulations are developed to estimate the non-monetary objective values. The efficiency of generation of alternatives depends on the genetic algorithm reproduction operators. A special set of reproduction operators are also developed for this research work. All these formulation and estimation processes are computer coded in C and Avenue to obtain the alternatives. Effectiveness of the developed methodology is ensured by application of the multi-objective highway alignment optimization model to problems with discrete search domain and objective functions with indirect decision variables. Also, the developed model has the ability to converge to a Pareto-optimal front for two objectives. The trade-offs among individual objectives and cost components are analyzed through extensive sensitivity analysis. The Pareto-optimal front is a tool to graphically represent trade-offs for two objectives, but fails for more than two objectives. Therefore, effective representation of multi-objectives will also be pursued in this research work. -- Abstract.
Download or read book Models and Algorithms for a Rail Transit Line Alignment Using GIS and Genetic Algorithm written by Sutapa Samanta and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in commuting populations and transit ridership in urban areas has given rise to the need for building new transit lines or extending existing ones. The objective of this dissertation research is to perform a microscopic analysis and develop models and algorithms for a rail transit alignment using Geographical Information System (GIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in a given study corridor. Previous research suggests that several analytical methods have been developed to design various components of a transit system, such as optimization of station spacings, route spacing, and route length for rail transit alignments. While all this research has contributed substantially towards the development of a transit system, the applicability of these theoretical models remains limited for real-world problems. The present research aims to perform a microscopic analysis in a given study corridor to obtain the locations and sequence of stations considering many-to-one travel pattern, variable demand for transit, identification of feasible locations for stations and optimization of various objective functions for station locations for an optimal rail transit alignment through GIS-GA integration. An optimization algorithm is developed for optimizing station locations for three types of rail transit systems, namely (1) an on-the-ground rail transit system; (2) an underground cut and cover rail transit system, and (3) an underground deep tunnel rail transit system. The algorithm is developed in two stages. In the first stage, the search space is defined by identifying the potential station locations using a GIS and in the second stage a GA is applied to perform the optimal search. The optimization model for station location is developed using several objective functions of demand and cost as both influence the optimal rail transit alignment. The first objective is to minimize the total system cost per person, which is a function of user cost, operator cost, location cost and variable demand. A bilevel optimization model is introduced for the station location optimization problem. In this model a number of clusters of riders are determined from local population data at the lower level in order to estimate demand and optimize the objective functions at the upper level. The second objective is to maximize the ridership or the service coverage. The user cost per person is minimized separately as the third objective because the user cost is one of the most important decision-making factors for using the transit system. A decision can be made based on the preferred parameters by a transit-planner based on the results obtained using different objective functions. A variable demand case is considered in the research which replicates a realistic scenario that can be expected while planning a rail transit line Optimal solutions are obtained by running an iterative process of re-estimating the variable transit demand by varying the locations and sequence of stations, which results in change in travel time and potential transit demand. Once the optimal station locations are obtained, the stations are interconnected using a suitable rail line alignment. This is done by connecting each pair of stations using a GIS and GA based algorithm (customized Highway Alignment Optimization model). The proposed model is applied on an artificially generated study area of size 20 miles x 20 miles around Washington DC in USA. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is verified on small scale examples first. Then the model is applied on radial corridors of 12 miles x 3 miles and a diagonal corridor of area 22 mile x 3 mile within the study area to obtain optimal rail transit alignments. The results show that a new rail line alignment can be established in a comprehensive, consecutive and automated process using the proposed model. Better results are obtained for radial corridors than for the diagonal corridor as many-to-one travel pattern is considered for the study. The iterative approach in the algorithm increases computational complexities but produces near optimal solution for a rail transit alignment. The results give a planner an initial idea about which objective functions to use for a specific type of study corridor under consideration. -- Abstract.
Download or read book Intelligent Road Design written by M. K. Jha and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the intelligent concepts of the ancient endeavour of road design, this book discusses how a road alignment optimization model can be developed and applied in real case studies. Based on research in intelligent road design and alignment optimization, it is suitable for road planners, designers, senior undergraduate and graduate students.
Download or read book Numerical Optimization of Highway Alignments written by Joanes Goicoechea Montes and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The selection of highway alternatives is a very complex and challenging problem due to the large number of conflicting factors that must be solved, the great amount and variety of information that must be compiled and processed, and the numerous evaluations that must be performed. Therefore, the motivation of this Master's Thesis research has been to automate the design process and to achieve better results within a shorter timeframe and at a lower cost, to overcome the limitations of the traditional highway alignment alternative evaluation processes and design. For that aim, this thesis presents a highway three-dimensional alignment optimization model that simultaneously develops the optimization of horizontal and vertical alignments along a corridor. It integrates a two-stage heuristic neighbourhood optimization algorithm. The research discusses which are the most important costs and constraints associated with highway alignment optimization, it develops the key steps of the two-stage optimization algorithm and it provides a first degree attempt to develop an optimization model software with Matlab interface that might highly automate the design process in the future. Finally, the model capabilities and applicability are studied applying the optimization model in a real highway construction project case study. Thanks to the application of the model to a real case study, it has been demonstrated that the optimization model provides an effective highway alignment alternative, which satisfies the design constraints and also provides practical information about the optimized alignment. It is also found that the alignment optimized by the model is quite similar to the obtained through conventional manual methods, but the model can greatly reduce the time required (13 hours) for highway planning and design, as well as produce a lower cost solution. Despite the terrain complexity of the study area, the optimized alignment is found without any difficulties. In the studied highway stretch the project alignment total cost (6 226 610 €) is close to the optimized final highway alignment total cost (6 136 872 €), but it definitely contributes to reduce the cost in 89 738 € (-1.4%). As summary of the research, the proposed optimization model can greatly contribute to the productivity of highway engineers, as well as to the quality of the resulting infrastructure. It is concluded that with the implemented heuristic algorithm the optimization model achieves a locally optimal horizontal alignment (inside the corridor) and a vertical alignment that is globally optimal for the very alignment it analysed, meeting the main geometric constraints.
Download or read book Optimizing Highway Alignments with Genetic Algorithms written by Jyh-Cherng Jong and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimizing Innovating and Capitalizing on Information Systems for Operations written by Wang, John and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2013-02-28 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adapting the development of information systems for operations management is essential for the effectiveness of an organizations business strategy. Optimizing, Innovating, and Capitalizing on Information Systems for Operations presents research on the applications of information systems and its influence on business and operations management. Highlighting case studies, frameworks and methodologies, this book aims to be useful for practitioners and academics in the fields of decision, management, and social sciences.
Download or read book Urban Transport XXIII written by C.A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2017-12-11 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forming the 23rd addition to a successful series, this book contains papers presented by an extensive selection of international delegates at the 23rd International Conference on Urban Transport and the Environment. Due to its continued success and multiplicity of topics, the series is considered to be a leading source of new research in the area of transport engineering. Transportation in urban areas, with its related environmental and social impacts, is of significant concern for government policymakers and for the urban citizens who need efficient transport systems. Extensive reviews of these systems are required to devise and then safeguard their operational use, maintenance, safety and security. The continuing requirement for better and more efficient urban transport systems and the need for a healthier environment has added to the increasing international desire for new technologies and developments in this essential field. The variety of topics covered reflects the complex interaction of urban transport systems with their environment and the need to establish integrated strategies. These topics include: Public transport systems; Urban transport planning and management; Environmental impact; Economic and social impact; Safety and security; Transportation modelling and simulation; Intelligent and advanced transport systems; City logistics; Inter-modal transport systems; Mass transport strategies; Freight transport; Railway systems; Port and city; Mobility and public space; Innovative electric transportation; Eco-mobility transport systems; Integrated network systems; Traditional and alternative fuels and energy; Public policies and governance.
Download or read book Computational Science and Its Applications ICCSA 2018 written by Osvaldo Gervasi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-03 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The five volume set LNCS 10960 until 10964 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computational Science and Its Applications, ICCSA 2018, held in Melbourne, Australia, in July 2018.Apart from the general tracks, ICCSA 2018 also includes 34 international workshops in various areas of computational sciences, ranging from computational science technologies, to specific areas of computational sciences, such as computer graphics and virtual reality.The total of 265 full papers and 10 short papers presented in the 5-volume proceedings set of ICCSA 2018, were carefully reviewed and selected from 892 submissions.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Design of Highway Bridges written by Richard M. Barker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-04 with total page 1194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date coverage of bridge design and analysis revised to reflect the fifth edition of the AASHTO LRFD specifications Design of Highway Bridges, Third Edition offers detailed coverage of engineering basics for the design of short- and medium-span bridges. Revised to conform with the latest fifth edition of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) LRFD Bridge Design Specifications, it is an excellent engineering resource for both professionals and students. This updated edition has been reorganized throughout, spreading the material into twenty shorter, more focused chapters that make information even easier to find and navigate. It also features: Expanded coverage of computer modeling, calibration of service limit states, rigid method system analysis, and concrete shear Information on key bridge types, selection principles, and aesthetic issues Dozens of worked problems that allow techniques to be applied to real-world problems and design specifications A new color insert of bridge photographs, including examples of historical and aesthetic significance New coverage of the "green" aspects of recycled steel Selected references for further study From gaining a quick familiarity with the AASHTO LRFD specifications to seeking broader guidance on highway bridge design Design of Highway Bridges is the one-stop, ready reference that puts information at your fingertips, while also serving as an excellent study guide and reference for the U.S. Professional Engineering Examination.
Download or read book The Practical Handbook of Genetic Algorithms written by Lance D. Chambers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mathematics employed by genetic algorithms (GAs)are among the most exciting discoveries of the last few decades. But what exactly is a genetic algorithm? A genetic algorithm is a problem-solving method that uses genetics as its model of problem solving. It applies the rules of reproduction, gene crossover, and mutation to pseudo-organism
Download or read book An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms for Scientists and Engineers written by David A. Coley and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This invaluable book has been designed to be useful to most practising scientists and engineers, whatever their field and however rusty their mathematics and programming might be. The approach taken is largely practical, with algorithms being presented in full and working code (in BASIC, FORTRAN, PASCAL AND C) included on a floppy disk to help the reader get up and running as quickly as possible. The text could also be used as part of an undergraduate course on search and optimisation. Student exercises are included at the end of several of the chapters, many of which are computer-based and designed to encourage exploration of the method.
Download or read book Genetic Algorithms in Search Optimization and Machine Learning written by David Edward Goldberg and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 1989 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A gentle introduction to genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms revisited: mathematical foundations. Computer implementation of a genetic algorithm. Some applications of genetic algorithms. Advanced operators and techniques in genetic search. Introduction to genetics-based machine learning. Applications of genetics-based machine learning. A look back, a glance ahead. A review of combinatorics and elementary probability. Pascal with random number generation for fortran, basic, and cobol programmers. A simple genetic algorithm (SGA) in pascal. A simple classifier system(SCS) in pascal. Partition coefficient transforms for problem-coding analysis.
Download or read book Ant Colony Optimization written by Marco Dorigo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the rapidly growing field of ant colony optimization that describes theoretical findings, the major algorithms, and current applications. The complex social behaviors of ants have been much studied by science, and computer scientists are now finding that these behavior patterns can provide models for solving difficult combinatorial optimization problems. The attempt to develop algorithms inspired by one aspect of ant behavior, the ability to find what computer scientists would call shortest paths, has become the field of ant colony optimization (ACO), the most successful and widely recognized algorithmic technique based on ant behavior. This book presents an overview of this rapidly growing field, from its theoretical inception to practical applications, including descriptions of many available ACO algorithms and their uses. The book first describes the translation of observed ant behavior into working optimization algorithms. The ant colony metaheuristic is then introduced and viewed in the general context of combinatorial optimization. This is followed by a detailed description and guide to all major ACO algorithms and a report on current theoretical findings. The book surveys ACO applications now in use, including routing, assignment, scheduling, subset, machine learning, and bioinformatics problems. AntNet, an ACO algorithm designed for the network routing problem, is described in detail. The authors conclude by summarizing the progress in the field and outlining future research directions. Each chapter ends with bibliographic material, bullet points setting out important ideas covered in the chapter, and exercises. Ant Colony Optimization will be of interest to academic and industry researchers, graduate students, and practitioners who wish to learn how to implement ACO algorithms.
Download or read book Advances in 3D Geo Information Sciences written by Thomas H. Kolbe and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade developments in 3D Geoinformation have made substantial progress. We are about to have a more complete spatial model and understanding of our planet in different scales. Hence, various communities and cities offer 3D landscape and city models as valuable source and instrument for sustainable management of rural and urban resources. Also municipal utilities, real estate companies etc. benefit from recent developments related to 3D applications. To meet the challenges due to the newest changes academics and practitioners met at the 5th International Workshop on 3D Geoinformation in order to present recent developments and to discuss future trends. This book comprises a selection of evaluated, high quality papers that were presented at this workshop in November 2010. The topics focus explicitly on the last achievements (methods, algorithms, models, systems) with respect to 3D geo-information requirements. The book is aimed at decision makers and experts as well at students interested in the 3D component of geographical information science including GI engineers, computer scientists, photogrammetrists, land surveyors, urban planners, and mapping specialists.
