Download or read book An Analysis of the Soil Moisture precipitation Relationship Across the Continental United States written by Deanna Apps and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of the Relationship Between Soil Moisture Rainfall and Boundary Layer Conditions Based on Direct Observations from Illinois written by Kirsten Lynn Findell and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ecological Climatology written by Gordon B. Bonan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-18 with total page 1209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces an interdisciplinary framework to understand the interaction between terrestrial ecosystems and climate change. It reviews basic meteorological, hydrological and ecological concepts to examine the physical, chemical and biological processes by which terrestrial ecosystems affect and are affected by climate. The textbook is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying ecology, environmental science, atmospheric science and geography. The central argument is that terrestrial ecosystems become important determinants of climate through their cycling of energy, water, chemical elements and trace gases. This coupling between climate and vegetation is explored at spatial scales from plant cells to global vegetation geography and at timescales of near instantaneous to millennia. The text also considers how human alterations to land become important for climate change. This restructured edition, with updated science and references, chapter summaries and review questions, and over 400 illustrations, including many in colour, serves as an essential student guide.
Download or read book Analysis of the Intra annual Variations in Soil Moisture Throughout the Missouri and Arkansas White Red River Basins written by Emily Nottingham and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil moisture is listed as an Essential Climate Variable by the Global Climate Observing System Program. This is because soil moisture is a key factor in controlling the exchange of water and energy fluxes between the hydrosphere, biosphere, and the atmosphere through its impact on the partitioning of moisture for evapotranspiration and surface-sensible and latent heat fluxes. This characteristic of soil moisture also plays an important role within the hydrologic cycle due to its ability to control the rainfall-runoff response. Therefore, soil moisture is important in determining available water content and can have implications on water resources management for food and energy production. Thus, the evaluation of surface soil moisture at basin-scale is needed to understand spatiotemporal soil moisture trends and their implications on water resources management. Soil moisture To evaluate basin-level soil moisture trends, surface soil moisture estimates from SPoRT-LIS (0-10 cm layer) were used. Managed by NASA's Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center, the SPoRT-LIS is an observation-driven, real-time simulation of the Noah land surface model at a 3-km resolution over the full continental United States. This soil moisture product is at a higher spatial and temporal resolution than is currently available with remotely sensed satellite estimates or in situ measurements of the same product. Seasonal trend analysis was done using TIMESAT to determine soil moisture hydrometrics. Hydrometrics characterize the important seasonal components of soil moisture such as the start and end of the season and the corresponding levels of soil moisture throughout the season. To determine the TIMESAT parameter settings, a sensitivity analysis was done using soil hydrologic groups. Results from the TIMESAT analysis captured intra-annual soil moisture variability and highlighted the impact of soil texture and climate on the availability of soil moisture. Next, the hydrometrics were compared to climate and soil variables to determine the impact that they have on the seasonality trends. This was done using a regression model with a space site effect. The results showed that all three variables, precipitation, temperature, and hydrologic soil groups significantly impacted hydrometrics. Precipitation had the largest impact on the available water content, field capacity, and wilting point of the soil where temperature had the largest impact on the start, middle, and end of season dates. This shows that precipitation drives soil water storage capacity where temperature is the driver of the seasonal timing of soil water storage. However, season length was the only hydrometric that was impacted the most by hydrologic soil groups. Ecoregions were also compared to the hydrometrics. This showed that there are additional drivers that impact hydrometrics which could include land cover, land use, and topography. From this, there is a better understanding of the spatiotemproal soil moisture variations throughout the Great Plains region which can help scientists, land managers, and policy makers to make decisions concerning reservoir management, irrigation applications, and farming practices.
Download or read book Studies of Relations of Rainfall and Run off in the United States written by William Glenn Hoyt and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Examining the Relationship Between Antecedent Soil Moisture and Summer Precipitation in the U S Great Plains written by Lei Meng and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on examining the relationship between antecedent soil moisture and summer precipitation in the U.S. Great Plains (GP). The influence of Nino sea surface temperatures (SSTs) on summer precipitation has also been investigated to compare their relative contributions to those from local moisture recycling. Both observational data and model simulations have been used to investigate how and why soil moisture can affect subsequent summer precipitation in the GP. Observational analysis indicates that spring (May 1st) soil moisture is significantly correlated with summer precipitation only during periods when Nino SSTs are not strongly correlated with summer precipitation (e.g. 1925-1936). During periods when Nino SSTs are strongly correlated with summer precipitation (e.g. 1940-1970), spring soil moisture is not a good predictor of summer precipitation in the GP. The periods of strong correlation between Nino SSTs and summer precipitation are associated with strong SST persistence. This study suggests that both local soil moisture and remote SST anomalies (deviation from SST climatology) influence summer precipitation in the GP. The soil moisture anomalies are of greatest importance during years when Nino SST persistence is low. Model results have demonstrated that there are significant differences in precipitation response to soil moisture anomalies depending on their sign (+/- ), timing and persistence. The influence of dry soil moisture anomalies on subsequent precipitation tends to last longer than wet soil moisture anomalies when initialized on May 1st. Dry soils can influence summer precipitation in the subsequent 2-3 months. However, the precipitation response to wet soil moisture anomalies is faster and greater in magnitude than the response to dry soil moisture anomalies. Persistent soil moisture anomalies that are sustained for an entire month produced larger precipitation changes than soil moisture anomalies only applied on the first day of the month. It appears that the length of soil moisture memory also depends on the sign of soil moisture anomaly. The results of this study may be model-dependent due to the significant inter-model variations in land surface parameterizations. This may restrict the potential for drawing general conclusions.
Download or read book A Space and Time Analysis of Weekly Soil Moisture in the Central United States written by Claude E. Duchon and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content written by George Petropoulos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating decades of research conducted by leading scientists in the field, Remote Sensing of Energy Fluxes and Soil Moisture Content provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and modeling techniques employed for deriving spatio-temporal estimates of energy fluxes and soil surface moisture from remote sensing. It also underscores the range
Download or read book Assessing the Relationship Between Soil Moisture and Precipitation Using Remotely Sensed Data written by Robin Celestina Sehler and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay of precipitation and soil can support human life and destroy it. Adequate rain and soil moisture enable the global food supply to flourish. Inversely, too much precipitation and saturated soil result in flooding. Precipitation's inferred impact on soil moisture is straightforward - precipitation causes soil moisture to increase. The purpose of this study is to determine if satellite data confirms or negates this expected hydrologic relationship. Satellite data from NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) Mission are used to calculate Pearson's Correlation Coefficient at the global scale, for 8-day composites spanning March 31, 2015 to November 26, 2017. Additionally, MODIS land cover type and Koppen - Geiger climate classification are used to interpret correlation magnitude and direction. Study results indicate 73% of global land have a moderate to very strong correlation between precipitation and soil moisture. Also, 93% of global land surface has a positive correlation, while 1% of land surface has a negative correlation, tending to occur in large river basins. Implications from this study include the informal validation of SMAP data, in light of the functional loss of its active radar.
Download or read book Regionalizing Global Climate Variations written by Vasubandhu Misra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regionalizing Global Climate Variations: A Study of the Southeastern US Regional Climate provides a framework for understanding regional climate in light of the many assessment reports being released regularly by international organizations. The book emphasizes global climate variations to explore the concept of the regionalization of those variations. Focusing on the climate of the Southeastern United States as a lens, it provides a template for targeting regional climate change in the context of global variability. It includes coverage of weather extremes, such as tornadoes, cyclones, and drought, and approaches the subject from a holistic perspective, including atmospheric, oceanic, and land components. The Southeastern United States is a particularly relevant case study, given the fact that it is the largest quarter of the United States and has the most coastlines, often resulting in a higher number of extreme weather events. This practical approach to understanding climate at the regional/local scale makes the book a valuable resource for students and researchers in Meteorology, Climate Science, Oceanography, Environmental Science, and other applied sectors. - Includes descriptions of the morphology of weather extremes such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes - Discusses the influence of climate change on weather extremes - Presents a holistic or interdisciplinary approach to understanding regional climate that includes features of atmospheric science, meteorology, oceanography, and hydrology
Download or read book Assessment of Intraseasonal to Interannual Climate Prediction and Predictability written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More accurate forecasts of climate conditions over time periods of weeks to a few years could help people plan agricultural activities, mitigate drought, and manage energy resources, amongst other activities; however, current forecast systems have limited ability on these time- scales. Models for such climate forecasts must take into account complex interactions among the ocean, atmosphere, and land surface. Such processes can be difficult to represent realistically. To improve the quality of forecasts, this book makes recommendations about the development of the tools used in forecasting and about specific research goals for improving understanding of sources of predictability. To improve the accessibility of these forecasts to decision-makers and researchers, this book also suggests best practices to improve how forecasts are made and disseminated.
Download or read book Sources of Moisture for Precipitation in the United States written by Benjamin Holzman and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydroclimatic Variability of the Northeastern United States written by Caitlin C. Crossett and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the historical record, the climate of the Northeastern United States (hereafter Northeast) has moved in and out of periods of drought and pluvial conditions. Precipitation has increased drastically over the past three decades but, within the same time frame, the Northeast has also experienced several significant drought events. If we can more fully understand the processes and drivers behind extreme hydroclimatic events in the historical record we may be able to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of why things are changing, aiding not only in our interpretation of global climate models but in the processes themselves. A multi-scale (regional-to-local), meteorological analysis of heavy precipitation events and an in-depth analysis on the meteorological drivers of soil moisture variability in the Northeast allows for the analysis and quantification of the various feedbacks between scales and between the atmosphere and land surface. First, I compare daily precipitation accumulations from the ERA5 Global Reanalysis (hereafter ERA5) and the US Global Historical Climate Network (hereafter GHCN) across the Northeast to evaluate the use of precipitation from ERA5 in applications across the Northeast. I find that the distance from the Atlantic Coast, elevation difference between ERA5 estimates and GHCN observations, and seasonality affect precipitation relationships between the two datasets. Then, I used a multi-duration (1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days), multi-return interval (2, 5, 10, and 50 years) observational precipitation dataset to diagnose changes in, and synoptic patterns associated with the identified precipitation events across the Northeast from 1895 to 2017. I found increasing trends in all duration and return-interval event combinations and that the rarest, longest duration events are increasing at faster rates than more frequent, shorter duration events. Additionally, daily synoptic patterns associated with events are similar across all durations and return-intervals and include coastal low, deep trough, east coast trough, zonal, and high pressure patterns. Finally, I sought to assess the meteorological drivers in soil moisture variability over the growing season at in-situ soil moisture observing sites across the Northeast. I found that seasonality and geographic location of stations lead to differences in the importance of meteorological drivers on surface soil moisture observations. This dissertation identifies useful tools for the estimation of precipitation across the Northeast, expands knowledge on trends and synoptic patterns associated with a spectrum of impactful precipitation events, and introduces new methods for the analysis of the meteorological drivers of soil moisture variability over the growing season.
Download or read book Generation of an Empirical Soil Moisture Initialization and Its Potential Impact on Subseasonal Forecasting Skill of Continental Precipitation and Air Temperature written by Marie Boisserie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The effect of the PAR technique on the model soil moisture estimates is evaluated using the Global Soil Wetness Project Phase 2 (GSWP-2) multimodel analysis product (used as a proxy for global soil moisture observations) and actual in-situ observations from the state of Illinois. The results show that overall the PAR technique is effective; across most of the globe, the seasonal and anomaly variability of the model soil moisture estimates well reproduce the values of GSWP-2 in the top 1.5 m soil layer; by comparing to in-situ observations in Illinois, we find that the seasonal and anomaly soil moisture variability is also well represented deep into the soil. Therefore, in this study, we produce a new global soil moisture analysis dataset that can be used for many land surface studies (crop modeling, water resource management, soil erosion, etc.).
Download or read book The Heat Balance of the Earth s Surface written by Mikhail Ivanovich Budyko and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Taxonomy written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 772 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource added for the Landscape Horticulture Technician program 100014.
Download or read book Predicting Soil Erosion by Water written by Kenneth G. Renard and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction and history; Rainfall-runoff erosivity factor (R); Soil erodibility factor (K); Slope length and steepness factors (LS); Cover-management factor (C); Support practice factor (P); RUSLE user guide; Coversion to SI metric system; Calculation of EI from recording-raingage records; Estimating random roughness in the field; Parameter values for major agricultural crops and tillage operations.
