Download or read book An Analysis of the Environmental Risk Factors of Childhood Asthma and Asthma like Symptoms written by Marc A. Parsons and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is known that a multitude of environmental factors are implicated in the incidence of asthma and asthma symptoms among children; however, previous research has provided inconsistent and/or insufficient evidence as to whether residing in a farming environment during childhood can lead to a reduced asthma risk in future life as predicted by the hygiene hypothesis. Similarly, observational and laboratory studies have shown that the risk of asthma attacks in asthmatic children is related to ambient air pollution exposure in childhood, but the evidence remains ambiguous as to whether air pollution can lead to de novo childhood asthma. In this thesis, individual-level data from the National Longitudinal Study of Children and Youth (NLSCY) were used to examine the relationships between farm residence during childhood and ambient air pollution levels, respectively, with the risk of asthma and asthmatic symptoms. Children resident in farming environments were found to have a significantly lower risk of asthma incidence compared to those residing in non-rural areas in the 14-year follow-up study. Further, higher levels of nitrogen dioxide exposure (NO2) were found to be positively related with an increased 12-month prevalence of asthma attacks in childhood. These findings add to the evidence that farm residence and, to a lesser extent, ambient air pollution exposure is related to childhood asthma and its symptoms. Further research into the biological and genetic mechanisms, which may explain these findings, is needed to better understand the complex relationship between the environment and asthma risk in childhood.
Download or read book Environmental Risk Factors for Childhood Asthma Across Multiple Settings written by Danielle Gordon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asthma is determined by both genetic and environmental factors, yet there is less research that clearly defines and measures different environments in which children spend most of their time. This study examines the association between children's environments (physical and social) and asthma across diverse settings. The study uses data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 2003 and 2010, the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, and the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort 2010-2011 to help fill this gap. The key findings are: (1) young children with asthma are more likely to have elevated lead, although this association is explained by other sociodemographic factors; (2) children living in older homes are at higher risk for elevated lead; (3) for the poorest children, lower maternal education and health insurance predicts elevated lead; (4) preschool children in Head Start are at greater risk of asthma; (5) the effect of child care arrangement is only significantly associated with asthma for low-income children; (6) Kindergarten children attending poorer-quality schools have higher risk of asthma by first grade; and (7) attendance in center-based care prior to school entry, in addition to school-level effects, predicts increased risk of asthma for school-aged children. Disadvantaged children may be restricted to interact in lower quality physical and social environments across multiple settings, which places them at greater vulnerability of poor health. Future research should consider how multiple environmental risk factors impact children's health as they transition to different settings over time rather than focusing on the impact of a single environment.
Download or read book Childhood Asthma and Environmental Risk Factors written by New York (State). Legislature. Joint Legislative Commission on Toxic Substances and Hazardous Wastes and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Damp Indoor Spaces and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost all homes, apartments, and commercial buildings will experience leaks, flooding, or other forms of excessive indoor dampness at some point. Not only is excessive dampness a health problem by itself, it also contributes to several other potentially problematic types of situations. Molds and other microbial agents favor damp indoor environments, and excess moisture may initiate the release of chemical emissions from damaged building materials and furnishings. This new book from the Institute of Medicine examines the health impact of exposures resulting from damp indoor environments and offers recommendations for public health interventions. Damp Indoor Spaces and Health covers a broad range of topics. The book not only examines the relationship between damp or moldy indoor environments and adverse health outcomes but also discusses how and where buildings get wet, how dampness influences microbial growth and chemical emissions, ways to prevent and remediate dampness, and elements of a public health response to the issues. A comprehensive literature review finds sufficient evidence of an association between damp indoor environments and some upper respiratory tract symptoms, coughing, wheezing, and asthma symptoms in sensitized persons. This important book will be of interest to a wide-ranging audience of science, health, engineering, and building professionals, government officials, and members of the public.
Download or read book Paediatric Asthma written by Kai-Håkon Carlsen and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2012-06-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asthma is a disease of many faces and is frequently seen in children. This Monograph covers all aspects of paediatric asthma, across all ages, from birth through to the start of adulthood. It considers diagnostic problems in relation to the many phenotypes of asthma, covers the treatment of both mild-to-moderate and severe asthma, and discusses asthma exacerbations as well as exercise-induced asthma. The issue also provides an update on the pathophysiology of asthma, the role of bacterial and viral infections, and the impact of environmental factors, allergy, genetics and epigenetics. Finally,
Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by Elisabeth Heseltine and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2009 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial pollution is a key element of indoor air pollution. It is caused by hundreds of species of bacteria and fungi, in particular filamentous fungi (mould), growing indoors when sufficient moisture is available. This document provides a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence on health problems associated with building moisture and biological agents. The review concludes that the most important effects are increased prevalences of respiratory symptoms, allergies and asthma as well as perturbation of the immunological system. The document also summarizes the available information on the conditions that determine the presence of mould and measures to control their growth indoors. WHO guidelines for protecting public health are formulated on the basis of the review. The most important means for avoiding adverse health effects is the prevention (or minimization) of persistent dampness and microbial growth on interior surfaces and in building structures. [Ed.]
Download or read book Clearing the Air written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-05-24 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since about 1980, asthma prevalence and asthma-related hospitalizations and deaths have increased substantially, especially among children. Of particular concern is the high mortality rate among African Americans with asthma. Recent studies have suggested that indoor exposuresâ€"to dust mites, cockroaches, mold, pet dander, tobacco smoke, and other biological and chemical pollutantsâ€"may influence the disease course of asthma. To ensure an appropriate response, public health and education officials have sought a science-based assessment of asthma and its relationship to indoor air exposures. Clearing the Air meets this need. This book examines how indoor pollutants contribute to asthmaâ€"its causation, prevalence, triggering, and severity. The committee discusses asthma among the general population and in sensitive subpopulations including children, low-income individuals, and urban residents. Based on the most current findings, the book also evaluates the scientific basis for mitigating the effects of indoor air pollutants implicated in asthma. The committee identifies priorities for public health policy, public education outreach, preventive intervention, and further research.
Download or read book Severe Asthma written by Kian Fan Chung and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP’s public health impacts Examines TRAP’s health effects at the population level Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Download or read book Indoor Environmental Risk Factors for Respiratory Symptoms and Asthma in Young Children written by Krassi Rumchev and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study results indicated that age, gender, family history of asthma, atopy and domestic exposure to indoor environmental factors were significant predictors of asthma early in life. The study found that indoor exposure to formaldehyde, volatile organic compounds and house dust mite significantly increased the risk of having asthma. Presence of air conditioning appeared to be a protective factor for asthma.
Download or read book Study of Environmental and Hereditary Risk Factors and Their Associations with Childhood Asthma and Allergic Diseases written by 許乃云 and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO global air quality guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Download or read book Combinations of Environmental Risk Factors Fine Particles Aeroallergens Community Level Respiratory Infections written by Wanyu Huang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric asthma/asthma exacerbation is the most common chronic disease in children. Ambient air pollution (e.g., fine particulate matter - PM2.5) and aeroallergens (e.g., pollen, mold) are risk factors for asthma exacerbation, with both independent and synergistic effects. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed to support potential interactions between air pollution and aeroallergens on asthma exacerbation - including within the ambient environment and the respiratory system. In addition, respiratory virus infections, accounting for up to 80 percent of asthma childhood exacerbations, are well-known risk factors. Joint effects between environmental risk factors make efforts in asthma control more difficult. Yet, the management of environmental risk factors including PM2.5 and aeroallergens are critical for asthma control at the population level. This dissertation added epidemiologic evidence on the potential impact of interactions between time-varying environmental and viral exposures on childhood asthma exacerbation, as important real-world data in Philadelphia, PA, during the 'pollen season' (mid-March to October) from 2011 to 2016, through three aims. In the first aim, we estimated synergistic effects of PM2.5 and aeroallergen levels on childhood asthma exacerbations, hypothesizing that joint effects of PM2.5 and aeroallergen would be stronger than the independent effect of each. In the second aim, we evaluated the effect modification of respiratory virus infection rates on the association between PM2.5/aeroallergen and childhood asthma exacerbation. We hypothesized stronger associations for both PM2.5 and aeroallergens in the relationship with asthma exacerbation. When respiratory virus infection rates were high. In the last aim, we developed a predictive model of daily asthma exacerbation rates, based on different environmental and viral risk factors. We hypothesized that the predicted 'high-risk' asthma exacerbation days would have elevated levels of multiple risk factors.
Download or read book Environmental Medicine written by Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-05-12 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People are increasingly concerned about potential environmental health hazards and often ask their physicians questions such as: "Is the tap water safe to drink?" "Is it safe to live near power lines?" Unfortunately, physicians often lack the information and training related to environmental health risks needed to answer such questions. This book discusses six competency based learning objectives for all medical school students, discusses the relevance of environmental health to specific courses and clerkships, and demonstrates how to integrate environmental health into the curriculum through published case studies, some of which are included in one of the book's three appendices. Also included is a guide on where to obtain additional information for treatment, referral, and follow-up for diseases with possible environmental and/or occupational origins.
Download or read book Global Surveillance Prevention and Control of Chronic Respiratory Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2007 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kill more than 4 million people every year, and affect hundreds of millions more. These diseases erode the health and well-being of the patients and have a negative impact on families and societies. This report raises awareness of the huge impact of chronic respiratory diseases worldwide, and highlights the risk factors as well as ways to prevent and treat these diseases.
Download or read book Pediatric Pathophysiology written by Angel Rafael Colón and published by Little, Brown Medical Division. This book was released on 1985 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Childhood Asthma Outcomes in the United States written by Marielena Lara and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2002-05-07 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-liner: A set of policy recommendations to promote the development and maintenance of communities in which children with asthma can be swiftly diagnosed, effectively treated, and protected from exposure to harmful environmental factors. An estimated 5 million U.S. children have asthma. Too many of these children are unnecessarily impaired. Much of the money spent on asthma is for high-cost health care services to treat acute periods of illness. Many asthma attacks could be avoided--and much suffering prevented and many medical costs saved--if more children received good-quality, ongoing asthma care and if the 11 policy recommendations presented in this report were implemented in a oordinated fashion. A national call to action, the policy recommendations span public and private interests and compel integration of public health activities across local, state, and federal levels. This report summarizes the findings of an effort funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation as part of the Pediatric Asthma Initiative, whose purpose is to address current gaps in national childhood asthma care. It is the first national initiative that simultaneously addresses treatment, policy, and financing issues for children with asthma at the patient, provider, and institutional levels. The purpose of RAND's effort was to:--identify a range of policy actions in both the public and private sectors that could improve childhood asthma outcomes nationwide--select a subset of policies to create a blueprint for national policy in this area--outline alternatives to implement these policies that build on prior efforts.The effort developed a comprehensive policy framework that maps the identified strategies to one overall policy objective: to promote the development and maintenance of asthma-friendly communities--communities in which children with asthma are swiftly diagnosed, receive appropriate and ongoing treatment, and are not exposed to environmental factors that exacerbate their condition. This report is intended as a working guide for coordinating the activities of both public and private organizations at the federal, state, and local community levels.
