Download or read book An Algorithm for Calculating Smarandache s Function and Wich Using Legendre s Formula written by Tatiana-Corina Dosescu and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper presents a calculation algorithm for the values of the function S, defined by Fl. Smarandache [6], [1], [4], [5], an algorithm that uses the writing of numbers in base ten and it is based on Legendre's formula and some theoretical results. It differs from the one presented in [8], which avoids factorization, and from the one presented in [6], which requires writing on a generalized basis. Then a characterization of a prime number is given. Finally, a numerical application is presented.The paper presents a calculation algorithm for the values of the function S, defined by Fl. Smarandache [6], [1], [4], [5], an algorithm that uses the writing of numbers in base ten and it is based on Legendre's formula and some theoretical results. It differs from the one presented in [8], which avoids factorization, and from the one presented in [6], which requires writing on a generalized basis. Then a characterization of a prime number is given. Finally, a numerical application is presented.
Download or read book Various Arithmetic Functions and their Applications written by Octavian Cira and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2016 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 300 sequences and many unsolved problems and conjectures related to them are presented herein. These notions, definitions, unsolved problems, questions, theorems corollaries, formulae, conjectures, examples, mathematical criteria, etc. on integer sequences, numbers, quotients, residues, exponents, sieves, pseudo-primes squares cubes factorials, almost primes, mobile periodicals, functions, tables, prime square factorial bases, generalized factorials, generalized palindromes, so on, have been extracted from the Archives of American Mathematics (University of Texas at Austin) and Arizona State University (Tempe): "The Florentin Smarandache papers" special collections, and Arhivele Statului (Filiala Vâlcea & Filiala Dolj, Romania). This book was born from the collaboration of the two authors, which started in 2013. The first common work was the volume "Solving Diophantine Equations", published in 2014. The contribution of the authors can be summarized as follows: Florentin Smarandache came with his extraordinary ability to propose new areas of study in number theory, and Octavian Cira - with his algorithmic thinking and knowledge of Mathcad.
Download or read book Prime Numbers written by Richard Crandall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-07 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridges the gap between theoretical and computational aspects of prime numbers Exercise sections are a goldmine of interesting examples, pointers to the literature and potential research projects Authors are well-known and highly-regarded in the field
Download or read book The Prime Numbers and Their Distribution written by Gerald Tenenbaum and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One notable new direction this century in the study of primes has been the influx of ideas from probability. The goal of this book is to provide insights into the prime numbers and to describe how a sequence so tautly determined can incorporate such a striking amount of randomness. The book opens with some classic topics of number theory. It ends with a discussion of some of the outstanding conjectures in number theory. In between are an excellent chapter on the stochastic properties of primes and a walk through an elementary proof of the Prime Number Theorem. This book is suitable for anyone who has had a little number theory and some advanced calculus involving estimates. Its engaging style and invigorating point of view will make refreshing reading for advanced undergraduates through research mathematicians.
Download or read book Handbook of Number Theory I written by József Sándor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-17 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook covers a wealth of topics from number theory, special attention being given to estimates and inequalities. As a rule, the most important results are presented, together with their refinements, extensions or generalisations. These may be applied to other aspects of number theory, or to a wide range of mathematical disciplines. Cross-references provide new insight into fundamental research. Audience: This is an indispensable reference work for specialists in number theory and other mathematicians who need access to some of these results in their own fields of research.
Download or read book Elementary Number Theory with Applications written by Thomas Koshy and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition updates the well-regarded 2001 publication with new short sections on topics like Catalan numbers and their relationship to Pascal's triangle and Mersenne numbers, Pollard rho factorization method, Hoggatt-Hensell identity. Koshy has added a new chapter on continued fractions. The unique features of the first edition like news of recent discoveries, biographical sketches of mathematicians, and applications--like the use of congruence in scheduling of a round-robin tournament--are being refreshed with current information. More challenging exercises are included both in the textbook and in the instructor's manual. Elementary Number Theory with Applications 2e is ideally suited for undergraduate students and is especially appropriate for prospective and in-service math teachers at the high school and middle school levels. * Loaded with pedagogical features including fully worked examples, graded exercises, chapter summaries, and computer exercises * Covers crucial applications of theory like computer security, ISBNs, ZIP codes, and UPC bar codes * Biographical sketches lay out the history of mathematics, emphasizing its roots in India and the Middle East
Download or read book Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters written by James J. Tattersall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-10-14 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended to serve as a one-semester introductory course in number theory. Throughout the book a historical perspective has been adopted and emphasis is given to some of the subject's applied aspects; in particular the field of cryptography is highlighted. At the heart of the book are the major number theoretic accomplishments of Euclid, Fermat, Gauss, Legendre, and Euler, and to fully illustrate the properties of numbers and concepts developed in the text, a wealth of exercises have been included. It is assumed that the reader will have 'pencil in hand' and ready access to a calculator or computer. For students new to number theory, whatever their background, this is a stimulating and entertaining introduction to the subject.
Download or read book Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers and the Golden Section written by Steven Vajda and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey of the use of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and the ancient principle of the Golden Section covers areas relevant to operational research, statistics, and computational mathematics. 1989 edition.
Download or read book The Distribution of Prime Numbers written by Albert Edward Ingham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1990-09-28 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1934, this volume presents the theory of the distribution of the prime numbers in the series of natural numbers. Despite being long out of print, it remains unsurpassed as an introduction to the field.
Download or read book A Handbook of Mathematical Discourse written by Charles Wells and published by Infinity Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reviews in Number Theory 1984 96 written by and published by American Mathematical Society(RI). This book was released on 1998 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These six volumes include approximately 20,000 reviews of items in number theory that appeared in Mathematical Reviews between 1984 and 1996. This is the third such set of volumes in number theory. The first was edited by W.J. LeVeque and included reviews from 1940-1972; the second was edited by R.K. Guy and appeared in 1984. With the publication of these review volumes, readers now have available reviews in number theory covering more than half a century.
Download or read book A Handbook of Integer Sequences written by N.J.A. Sloane and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Handbook of Integer Sequences contains a main table of 2300 sequences of integers that are collected from all branches of mathematics and science. This handbook describes how to use the main table and provides methods for analyzing and describing unknown and important sequences. This compilation also serves as an index to the literature for locating references on a particular problem and quickly finds numbers such as 712, number of partitions of 30, 18th Catalan number, or expansion of ? to 60 decimal places. Other topics include the method of differences, self-generating sequences, polyominoes, permutations, and puzzle sequences. This publication is a good source for students and researchers who are confronted with strange and important sequences.
Download or read book The William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition 1985 2000 written by Kiran Sridhara Kedlaya and published by MAA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This third volume of problems from the William Lowell Putnam Competition is unlike the previous two in that it places the problems in the context of important mathematical themes. The authors highlight connections to other problems, to the curriculum and to more advanced topics. The best problems contain kernels of sophisticated ideas related to important current research, and yet the problems are accessible to undergraduates. The solutions have been compiled from the American Mathematical Monthly, Mathematics Magazine and past competitors. Multiple solutions enhance the understanding of the audience, explaining techniques that have relevance to more than the problem at hand. In addition, the book contains suggestions for further reading, a hint to each problem, separate from the full solution and background information about the competition. The book will appeal to students, teachers, professors and indeed anyone interested in problem solving as a gateway to a deep understanding of mathematics.
Download or read book Advances in Artificial Intelligence Software and Systems Engineering written by Tareq Ahram and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-03 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses emerging issues concerning the integration of artificial intelligence systems in our daily lives. It focuses on the cognitive, visual, social and analytical aspects of computing and intelligent technologies, and highlights ways to improve the acceptance, effectiveness, and efficiency of said technologies. Topics such as responsibility, integration and training are discussed throughout. The book also reports on the latest advances in systems engineering, with a focus on societal challenges and next-generation systems and applications for meeting them. Based on the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Software and Systems Engineering, and the AHFE 2020 Virtual Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Social Computing, held on July 16–20, 2020, it provides readers with extensive information on current research and future challenges in these fields, together with practical insights into the development of innovative services for various purposes.
Download or read book A Novel Approach to Neutrosophic Soft Rough Set under Uncertainty written by Ashraf Al-Quran and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To handle indeterminate and incomplete data, neutrosophic logic/set/probability were established. The neutrosophic truth, falsehood and indeterminacy components exhibit symmetry as the truth and the falsehood look the same and behave in a symmetrical way with respect to the indeterminacy component which serves as a line of the symmetry. Soft set is a generic mathematical tool for dealing with uncertainty. Rough set is a new mathematical tool for dealing with vague, imprecise, inconsistent and uncertain knowledge in information systems. This paper introduces a new rough set model based on neutrosophic soft set to exploit simultaneously the advantages of rough sets and neutrosophic soft sets in order to handle all types of uncertainty in data. The ideaof neutrosophic right neighborhood is utilised to define the concepts of neutrosophic soft rough (NSR) lower and upper approximations. Properties of suggested approximations are proposed and subsequently proven. Some of the NSR set concepts such as NSR-definability, NSR-relations and NSR-membership functions are suggested and illustrated with examples. Further, we demonstrate the feasibility of the newly rough set model with decision making problems involving neutrosophic soft set. Finally, a discussion on the features and limitations of the proposed model is provided.
Download or read book Elementary Linear Algebra written by Howard Anton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-15 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When it comes to learning linear algebra, engineers trust Anton. The tenth edition presents the key concepts and topics along with engaging and contemporary applications. The chapters have been reorganized to bring up some of the more abstract topics and make the material more accessible. More theoretical exercises at all levels of difficulty are integrated throughout the pages, including true/false questions that address conceptual ideas. New marginal notes provide a fuller explanation when new methods and complex logical steps are included in proofs. Small-scale applications also show how concepts are applied to help engineers develop their mathematical reasoning.
Download or read book Hypergroup Theory written by Bijan Davvaz and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents an updated study of hypergroups, being structured on 12 chapters in starting with the presentation of the basic notions in the domain: semihypergroups, hypergroups, classes of subhypergroups, types of homomorphisms, but also key notions: canonical hypergroups, join spaces and complete hypergroups. A detailed study is dedicated to the connections between hypergroups and binary relations, starting from connections established by Rosenberg and Corsini. Various types of binary relations are highlighted, in particular equivalence relations and the corresponding quotient structures, which enjoy certain properties: commutativity, cyclicity, solvability.A special attention is paid to the fundamental beta relationship, which leads to a group quotient structure. In the finite case, the number of non-isomorphic Rosenberg hypergroups of small orders is mentioned. Also, the study of hypergroups associated with relations is extended to the case of hypergroups associated to n-ary relations. Then follows an applied excursion of hypergroups in important chapters in mathematics: lattices, Pawlak approximation, hypergraphs, topology, with various properties, characterizations, varied and interesting examples. The bibliography presented is an updated one in the field, followed by an index of the notions presented in the book, useful in its study.
