Download or read book An Advanced Stopped flow Reactor for the Study of Olefin Polymerization written by Yashmin Rafante Blazzio and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the undeniable relevance of polyolefin production, it is of great interest to understand the keyphenomena determining the quality of the polymerization process. lndustrial scale polymerization reactions could be metaphorically compared to the launching of a space rocket, in which the success of the entire process is highly dependent on the mastery of the initial moments. This so-called 'nascent phase' of the polymerization (10-1 to 102 s) is crucial in ensuring a satisfactory operation and properties of the final polymer. lt is then that the catalyst activation takes place, the particle morphology is defined and the system is in its highest potential for mass transfer and heat transfer limitations.Studying such short time-frames is challenging for a number of reasons (that we will see throughout this work) and requires specially adapted tools. Previous works from our research group have shown how the stopped-flow technique is a promising method to study aspects related to heat transfer and morphology evolution at early stages in gas-phase. lt is mainly for this reason that the focus of the current project was on the improvement of such tools. The novel reactor developed in this work was especially designed to tackle some of the limitations encountered with the previous versions, mainly aspects related to poor heat evacuation, lack of robustness and imprecision in experimental measurements.The first part of this PhD describes all steps taken until successful optimization of the hardware component of the novel stopped-flow reactor. The new set-up was a product of our innovative approach towards the reactor geometry (annular) and the tailored execution from a specialized engineering firm. Several improvements were achieved, such as the optimization of the reactor dimensions, the automated control of all functions and a wider range of operation conditions. Moreover, the capacity was highly improved by the possibility of injecting several gases simultaneously, as well as components that are liquid at room temperature. The new tool allows to perform polymerization reactions as short as 3s in gas phase, in reaction conditions that are representative of heat and mass transfer phenomena present in industrial scales.ln the second part of this work, we have developed a software component for the novel reactor, which consisted of a reactor model and state-observer. This tool was developed to estimate the dynamic polymerization rates from the temperature measurements and overcome the one-point character of such experiments (which provide no real information on the catalyst kinetics). For this purpose, a simplified one-dimensional model at the macromolecular level was developed and validated with experimental data.At last, with hardware and software components at hand, we have demonstrated the usefulness of the new tool in specific case studies with different silica supported metallocene catalysts. ln the first case study, we evaluated the impact of the pore structure of the support on the catalyst kinetics, polymer properties and particle morphology at short reaction times. On the second case study, we investigated the effect of various experimental conditions (reaction time, comonomer and hydrogen content) on the behavior of two different catalyst families. From both studies, the estimated reaction rates at early stages (

Download or read book Current Programs written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Flow Chemistry Applications written by Ferenc Darvas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2014-11-18 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Flow Chemistry fills the gap in graduate education by covering chemistry and reaction principles along with current practice, including examples of relevant commercial reaction, separation, automation, and analytical equipment. The Editors of Flow Chemistry are commended for having taken the initiative to bring together experts from the field to provide a comprehensive treatment of fundamental and practical considerations underlying flow chemistry. It promises to become a useful study text and as well as reference for the graduate students and practitioners of flow chemistry." Professor Klavs Jensen Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA Broader theoretical insight in driving a chemical reaction automatically opens the window towards new technologies particularly to flow chemistry. This emerging concept promotes the transformation of present day's organic processes into a more rapid continuous set of synthesis operations, more compatible with the envisioned sustainable world. These two volumes Fundamentals and Applications provide both the theoretical foundation as well as the practical aspects.

Download or read book Gas Fluidization written by M. Pell and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a much-needed fluidization handbook for practising engineers. There are few plants which do not have a fluid bed process operating somewhere on the site, yet engineers rarely have any formal training in the subject. College courses often emphasize academic issues rather than industrial needs, and a study of the literature reveals an overwhelming abundance of correlations and experimental data.As this is a practical book, the author has minimized theoretical development of fundamental equations in favor of giving correlations which have been developed for large scale equipment. In some cases, where several correlations might apply, the author has chosen one or two which work best according to his own experience. Design procedures are described which should assist the designer and the operator of fluid beds to improve his process and to avoid some often-encountered pitfalls. The material will also be useful as a supplementary text to a course on fluidization, the emphasis on commercial design being a stimulating counterpoint to a strongly academic viewpoint.

Download or read book Diameter Transformed Fluidized Bed written by Youhao Xu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book puts forward the concept of the Diameter-Transformed Fluidized Bed (DTFB): a fluidized bed characterized by the coexistence of multiple flow regimes and reaction zones, achieved by transforming the bed into several sections of different diameters. It reviews fundamental aspects, including computational fluid dynamics simulations and industrial practices in connection with DTFB. In particular, it highlights an example concerning the development of maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) reactors for regulating complex, fluid catalytic cracking reactions in petroleum refineries. The book is a must-have for understanding how academic and industrial researchers are now collaborating in order to develop novel catalytic processes.

Download or read book Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design written by Gilbert F. Froment and published by . This book was released on 1990-01-16 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the Second Edition of the standard text on chemical reaction engineering, beginning with basic definitions and fundamental principles and continuing all the way to practical applications, emphasizing real-world aspects of industrial practice. The two main sections cover applied or engineering kinetics, reactor analysis and design. Includes updated coverage of computer modeling methods and many new worked examples. Most of the examples use real kinetic data from processes of industrial importance.

Download or read book Introduction to Industrial Polypropylene written by Dennis B. Malpass and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-07-02 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This introductory text is an important resource for new engineers, chemists, students, and chemical industry personnel to understand the technical aspects of polypropylene which is the 2nd largest synthetics polymer in manufactured output. The book considers the following topics: What are the principal types of polypropylene and how do they differ? What catalysts are used to produce polypropylene and how do they function? What is the role of cocatalysts and how have they evolved over the years? How are industrial polypropylene catalysts tested and the resultant polymer evaluated? What processes are used in the manufacture of polypropylene? What are the biopolymer alternatives to polypropylene? What companies are the major industrial manufacturers of polypropylene? What is the environmental fate of polypropylene?

Download or read book Fluidized Bed Reactors Processes and Operating Conditions written by John G. Yates and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-27 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fluidized-bed reactor is the centerpiece of industrial fluidization processes. This book focuses on the design and operation of fluidized beds in many different industrial processes, emphasizing the rationale for choosing fluidized beds for each particular process. The book starts with a brief history of fluidization from its inception in the 1940’s. The authors present both the fluid dynamics of gas-solid fluidized beds and the extensive experimental studies of operating systems and they set them in the context of operating processes that use fluid-bed reactors. Chemical engineering students and postdocs as well as practicing engineers will find great interest in this book.

Download or read book Olefin Polymerization written by Walter Kaminsky and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2006-08-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an enormous velocity, olefin polymerization has expanded to one of the most significant fields in polymers since the first industrial use about 50 years ago. In 2005, 100 million tons of polyolefins were produced - the biggest part was catalyzed by metallorganic compounds. The Hamburg Macromolecular Symposium 2005 with the title "Olefin Polymerization" involved topics such as new catalysts and cocatalysts, kinetics, mechanism and polymer reaction engineering, synthesis of special polymers, and characterization of polyolefins. The conference combined scientists from different disciplines to discuss latest research results of polymers and to offer each other the possibility of cooperation. This is reflected in this volume, which contains invited lectures and selected posters presented at the symposium.

Download or read book Alkene Polymerization Reactions with Transition Metal Catalysts written by Yury Kissin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-03-10 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past 30 years, the field of alkene polymerization over transition metal catalysts underwent several major changes:1. The list of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene and stereoregular polyolefins was completely renewed affording an unprecedented degree of control over the polymer structure.2. Research devoted to metallocene and other soluble transition-metal catalysis has vastly expanded and has shifted toward complexes of transition metals with multidentate ligands.3. Recent developments in gel permeation chromatography, temperature-rising fractionation, and crystallization fractionation provided the first reliable information about differences between various active centers in transition-metal catalysts.4. A rapid development of high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy resulted in greatly expanded understanding of the chemical and steric features of polyolefins and alkene copolymers. These developments require a new review of all aspects of alkene polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts. The first chapter in the book is an introductory text for researchers who are entering the field. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts, the types of catalysts, and commercially manufactured polyolefins. The next chapter addresses the principal issue of alkene polymerization catalysis: the existence of catalyst systems with single and multiple types of active centers. The subsequent chapters are devoted to chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental reaction steps, structures of catalyst precursors and reactions leading to the formation of active centers, kinetics of polymerization reactions, and their mechanisms. The book describes the latest commercial polymerization catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylenes and polypropylene The book provides a detailed description of the multi-center nature of commercial Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The book devotes specialized chapters to the most important aspects of transition metal polymerization catalysts: the reactions leading to the formation of active centers, the chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental polymerization steps, reaction kinetics, and the polymerization mechanism. The book contains an introductory chapter for researchers who are entering the field of polymerization catalysis. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts and the types of commercially manufactured polyolefins and copolymersThe book contains over 2000 references, the most recent up to end of 2006.

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards Additional worked examples and homework problems The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Simon Parsons and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The suitability of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for pollutant degradation was recognised in the early 1970s and much research and development work has been undertaken to commercialise some of these processes. AOPs have shown great potential in treating pollutants at both low and high concentrations and have found applications as diverse as ground water treatment, municipal wastewater sludge destruction and VOCs control. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment is an overview of the advanced oxidation processes currently used or proposed for the remediation of water, wastewater, odours and sludge. The book contains two opening chapters which present introductions to advanced oxidation processes and a background to UV photolysis, seven chapters focusing on individual advanced oxidation processes and, finally, three chapters concentrating on selected applications of advanced oxidation processes. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment will be invaluable to readers interested in water and wastewater treatment processes, including professionals and suppliers, as well as students and academics studying in this area. Dr Simon Parsons is a Senior Lecturer in Water Sciences at Cranfield University with ten years' experience of industrial and academic research and development.

Download or read book Novel Process Windows written by Volker Hessel and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the concept of novel process windows, focusing on cost improvements, safety, energy and eco-efficiency throughout each step of the process. The first part presents the new reactor and process-related technologies, introducing the potential and benefit analysis. The core of the book details scenarios for unusual parameter sets and the new holistic and systemic approach to processing, while the final part analyses the implications for green and cost-efficient processing. With its practical approach, this is invaluable reading for those working in the pharmaceutical, fine chemicals, fuels and oils industries.

Download or read book Polymer Science and Engineering written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are used in everything from nylon stockings to commercial aircraft to artificial heart valves, and they have a key role in addressing international competitiveness and other national issues. Polymer Science and Engineering explores the universe of polymers, describing their properties and wide-ranging potential, and presents the state of the science, with a hard look at downward trends in research support. Leading experts offer findings, recommendations, and research directions. Lively vignettes provide snapshots of polymers in everyday applications. The volume includes an overview of the use of polymers in such fields as medicine and biotechnology, information and communication, housing and construction, energy and transportation, national defense, and environmental protection. The committee looks at the various classes of polymersâ€"plastics, fibers, composites, and other materials, as well as polymers used as membranes and coatingsâ€"and how their composition and specific methods of processing result in unparalleled usefulness. The reader can also learn the science behind the technology, including efforts to model polymer synthesis after nature's methods, and breakthroughs in characterizing polymer properties needed for twenty-first-century applications. This informative volume will be important to chemists, engineers, materials scientists, researchers, industrialists, and policymakers interested in the role of polymers, as well as to science and engineering educators and students.

Download or read book Polymeric Dispersions Principles and Applications written by J.M. Asua and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and up to date survey of the science and technology of polymeric dispersions. The book discusses the kinetics and mechanisms of polymerization in dispersed media, examines the processes controlling particle morphology, presents both off-line and on-line methods for the characterization of polymer colloids, considers reactor engineering and control, and covers a wide variety of applications, such as latex paint formulations, encapsulation of inorganic particles, reactive latexes, adhesives, paper coating, and biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Audience: A valuable resource for scientists and engineers, academic and industrial, who are involved in the manufacture or application of polymeric dispersions.

Download or read book Functional Polymers by Post Polymerization Modification written by Patrick Theato and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-12 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In modern polymer science a variety of polymerization methods for the direct synthesis of polymers bearing functional groups are known. However, there is still a large number of functional groups that may either completely prevent polymerization or lead to side reactions. Post-polymerization modification, also known as polymer-analogous modification, is an alternative approach to overcome these limitations. It is based on the polymerization of monomers with functional groups that are inert towards the polymerization conditions but allow a quantitative conversion in a subsequent reaction step yielding a broad range of other functional groups. Thus, diverse libraries of functional polymers with identical average degrees of polymerization but variable side chain functionality may easily be generated. Filling the gap for a book dealing with synthetic strategies and recent developments, this volume provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the field of post-polymerization modification. As such, the international team of expert authors covers a wide range of topics, including new synthetic techniques utilizing different reactive groups for post-polymerization modifications with examples ranging from modification of biomimetic and biological polymers to modification of surfaces. With its guidelines this is an indispensable and interdisciplinary reference for scientists working in both academic and industrial polymer research.