Download or read book Amorphous Silicon Carbide Solar Cells Fabricated Using ECR PECVD written by Vu Anh Vu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report also studies the variation of these properties as functions of the growth conditions, such as substrate temperature, microwave power, chamber pressure, gas ratios, and doping levels. Then we applied the best growth conditions for making intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon carbide materials to produce good p-i-n solar cells. We found that a deposition pressure of 10 mTorr, a substrate temperatures of 300 to 350°C, and CH4/(CH4+SiH4) flows of 0.6 to 0.7 can produce very good amorphous silicon carbide solar cells. These solar cells have an open-circuit voltage of 0.96 V, and a fill factor of 0.71. We also found that our materials have superior quality compared to materials reported previously in the literature.
Download or read book Fabrication of High Efficiency Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Using PECVD written by Kin Keong Ng and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Carbide Prepared Using DC Saddle Field PECVD for Photovoltaic Applications written by Cheng-Chieh Yang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) can provide exceptional surface passivation essential for high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells. This thesis reports on the fundamental study of a-SiC:H films deposited using a novel deposition technique, DC saddle field PECVD, in contrast to the conventional industrial use of RF-PECVD. The growth conditions were optimized and correlated with passivating, structural, and optical characteristics. The lifetime has a strong dependency on deposition temperature and improves by over two orders of magnitude as the temperature increases; the maximum lifetime achieved in this work reached 0.5 ms. In addition, the Tauc optical gap can be increased from 1.7 eV to 2.3 eV by varying the precursor gas mixture ratio. Post-deposition annealing experiments demonstrate thermal stability of the samples deposited at 250 °C and in some instances shows improvement in passivation quality by a factor of two with a one-step annealing treatment at 300 °C for 15 minutes.
Download or read book Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Modeling Materials and Device Technology written by Ruud E.I. Schropp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-18 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amorphous silicon solar cell technology has evolved considerably since the first amorphous silicon solar cells were made at RCA Laboratories in 1974. Scien tists working in a number of laboratories worldwide have developed improved alloys based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon. Other scientists have developed new methods for growing these thin films while yet others have developed new photovoltaic (PV) device structures with im proved conversion efficiencies. In the last two years, several companies have constructed multi-megawatt manufacturing plants that can produce large-area, multijunction amorphous silicon PV modules. A growing number of people be lieve that thin-film photovoltaics will be integrated into buildings on a large scale in the next few decades and will be able to make a major contribution to the world's energy needs. In this book, Ruud E. I. Schropp and Miro Zeman provide an authoritative overview of the current status of thin film solar cells based on amorphous and microcrystalline silicon. They review the significant developments that have occurred during the evolution of the technology and also discuss the most im portant recent innovations in the deposition of the materials, the understanding of the physics, and the fabrication and modeling of the devices.
Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Wolfgang R. Fahrner and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of "conventional" solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the 'hero' of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.
Download or read book Amorphous Silicon Carbide Passivating Layers for Crystalline silicon based Heterojunction Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With this study, amorphous silicon enables the fabrication of very high-efficiency crystalline-silicon-based solar cells due to its combination of excellent passivation of the crystalline silicon surface and permeability to electrical charges. Yet, amongst other limitations, the passivation it provides degrades upon high-temperature processes, limiting possible post-deposition fabrication possibilities (e.g., forcing the use of low-temperature silver pastes). We investigate the potential use of intrinsic amorphous silicon carbide passivating layers to sidestep this issue. The passivation obtained using device-relevant stacks of intrinsic amorphous silicon carbide with various carbon contents and doped amorphous silicon are evaluated, and their stability upon annealing assessed, amorphous silicon carbide being shown to surpass amorphous silicon for temperatures above 300°C. We demonstrate open-circuit voltage values over 700 mV for complete cells, and an improved temperature stability for the open-circuit voltage. Transport of electrons and holes across the hetero-interface is studied with complete cells having amorphous silicon carbide either on the hole-extracting side or on the electron-extracting side, and a better transport of holes than of electrons is shown. Also, due to slightly improved transparency, complete solar cells using an amorphous silicon carbide passivation layer on the hole-collecting side are demonstrated to show slightly better performances even prior to annealing than obtained with a standard amorphous silicon layer.
Download or read book Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells written by Kiyoshi Takahashi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1986 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fabricating Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells by Varying the Temperature of the Substrate During Deposition of the Amorphous Silicon Layer written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An improved process for fabricating amorphous silicon solar cells in which the temperature of the substrate is varied during the deposition of the amorphous silicon layer is described. Solar cells manufactured in accordance with this process are shown to have increased efficiencies and fill factors when compared to solar cells manufactured with a constant substrate temperature during deposition of the amorphous silicon layer.
Download or read book Solar Cells and Thin film Light Emitting Diodes Using Amorphous Silicon Carbide written by Y. Hamakawa and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structural and Electronic Properties of Nanocrystalline Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells Fabricated by Hot Wire and ECR plasma CVD Techniques written by Kamal Kumar Muthukrishnan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the second part of this work, we focus primarily on the fabrication and analysis of the electronic properties of solar cells using nanocrystalline intrinsic layers. Apart from measuring the regular I-V characteristics and quantum efficiency, we investigate the critical device properties such as the defect densities in the intrinsic layer and the diffusion length of the minority carriers. By correlating the device results with the structural properties of the films, we are able to conclude that the maximum diffusion length and the minimum defect density can only be attained by depositing the intrinsic layers that are close to the transition to amorphous phase. Although few studies have been done on this transition regime of the deposited films, most of them have concentrated only on the film properties such as conductivity ratios and crystalline fractions. This work clearly describes why transition region is ideal for the fabrication of high efficiency solar cells and what are the critical deposition parameters that are involved in their design.
Download or read book Silicon Based Material and Devices Two Volume Set written by Hari Singh Nalwa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-06-13 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a broad spectrum of the silicon-based materials and their device applications. This book provides a broad coverage of the silicon-based materials including different kinds of silicon-related materials, their processing, spectroscopic characterization, physical properties, and device applications. This two-volume set offers a selection of timely topics on silicon materials namely those that have been extensively used for applications in electronic and photonic technologies. The extensive reference provides broad coverage of silicon-based materials, including different types of silicon-related materials, their processing, spectroscopic characterization, physical properties, and device applications. Fourteen chapters review the state of the art research on silicon-based materials and their applications to devices. This reference contains a subset of articles published in AP's recently released Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices ( 2000, ISBN 012-5137451, ten volumes) by Dr. Hari Nalwa. This two-volume work strives to present a highly coherent coverage of silicon-based material uses in the vastly dynamic arena of silicon chip research and technology. Key Features * Covers silicon-based materials and devices * Include types of materials, their processing, fabrication, physical properties and device applications * Role of silicon-based materials in electronic and photonic technology * A very special topic presented in a timely manner and in a format
Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-23 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.
Download or read book Fabrication of Solar Cells Using Low Temperature Aluminum Assisted Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon written by Hussam A. El-Jammal and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells Fabricated by Pulsed Rapid Thermal Annealing of Amorphous Silicon written by I-Syuan Lee and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amorphous Silicon Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Wolfgang Rainer Fahrner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amorphous Silicon/Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells deals with some typical properties of heterojunction solar cells, such as their history, the properties and the challenges of the cells, some important measurement tools, some simulation programs and a brief survey of the state of the art, aiming to provide an initial framework in this field and serve as a ready reference for all those interested in the subject. This book helps to “fill in the blanks” on heterojunction solar cells. Readers will receive a comprehensive overview of the principles, structures, processing techniques and the current developmental states of the devices. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang R. Fahrner is a professor at the University of Hagen, Germany and Nanchang University, China.
Download or read book Amorphous silicon Solar Cells written by David Emil Carlson and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amorphous-silicon solar cells have been fabricated with conversion efficiencies as high as 6% in AM1 sunlight. The best values of the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and fill factor are 895 mV, 14.5 mA/cm2, and 0.674, respectively. Pd-Schottky-barrier cells have shown no degradation in conversion efficiency after 9700 h of constant illumination of approx. 50 to 75 mW/cm2, and p-i-n cells have remained stable after more than 23 months on the shelf. Discharge-produced a-Si used in efficient solar cells contains ~10 to 30 at. % of bonded hydrogen. Infrared absorption and photoluminescence measurements indicate that the films with the lowest defect densities are deposited at substrate temperatures in the range of 300 to 350°C. Hydrogen out-diffusion at higher temperatures apparently creates defect stages such as dangling bonds. Photoconductivity measurements and light-pulse experiments indicate electron and hole lifetimes of ~1 to 40 mu s. Light-pulse experiments yield electron drift mobilities of ~2-5 x 10−2 cm2/V-s and hole drift mobilities of approx. 6 x 10−4 cm2/V-s. Both techniques find an electron trap ~0.20 to 0.25 eV below the conduction band and a hole trap ~0.35 to 0.40 eV above the valence band.
Download or read book Design and Modeling of Graded Bandgap Amorphous Silicon germanium Solar Cells Fabricated by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition written by Greg Charles Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
