Download or read book Ammonia Removal from Mining Wastewater by Ion Exchange Regenerated by Chlorine Solutions written by Tianguang Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mining industry is a significant contributor to the Canadian economy. However, the mining activities can be detrimental to the environment due to the release of pollutants. Ammonia is one of the noxious and toxic contaminants associated with mining, ammonia contamination is created by the oxidizing agent in explosives. The explosives impacted mining wastewater (EIMWW) usually contains ammonia and other metal ions. The ammonia in EIMWW could harm the aquatic environment by the depletion of oxygen and its lethal toxicity to aquatic organisms. Before release to environment, EIMWW needs to be treated with an easy-to-operate method for ammonia removal at the remote mining sites. Ion-exchange (IE) with zeolite is an effective method for ammonia removal that is easy-to-operate, is not significantly impacted by cold temperature or toxicity effects. However, the traditional IE regeneration approach of using high concentration NaCl solutions creates a secondary polluting stream. Chlorine regeneration of ammonia-loaded zeolite appears to be a promising option, an evaluation of this option is the main topic of this thesis. This thesis includes three initiatives. The first is a set of multi-cycle batch loading-regeneration tests to assess the viability of ammonia removal with a commercial zeolite (SIR-600) for the treatment of a synthetic EIMWW (containing total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), K, and Ca) and to examine the performance of different ion-exchange regeneration solutions. The long-term TAN uptake of SIR-600 regenerated using a NaOCl (100 mg free Cl2/L) solution was 0.24 meq/g, which was approximately 20% lower than that after a NaCl regeneration. However, chlorine regeneration is promising because the selectivity of SIR-600 for TAN over Ca and K increased after the chlorine regeneration. To simulate recycling of the NaOCl regenerants, K and Ca were added to the NaOCl solution, it did not substantially affect the subsequent SIR-600's ion uptake. This initiative represents a significant contribution since the earlier studies into chlorine regeneration did not investigate the impact of competing ions. The second initiative addressed concerns regarding the long-term integrity of SIR-600 arising from its exposure to high chlorine concentrations during the regeneration. The five-week long chlorine batch exposure tests with solutions of up to 1000 mg free Cl2/L showed that chlorine exposure did not significantly affect the SIR-600's characteristics in terms of particle size distribution, surface area, FTIR spectra and ion uptake. Thus, SIR-600 has the potential for long-term use in field applications. The final initiative evaluated the feasibility of chlorine regeneration for continuous flow IE column systems used for ammonia removal from a synthetic EIMWW. Continuous flow column systems are important because these are the standard IE units used in full-scale applications. Multi-cycle column loading-regeneration tests were performed to compare the zeolite performance using a NaOCl (1000 ppm as free Cl2) solution with that using a 5% NaCl regeneration. The influence of loading duration was also assessed. The use of 6-hr loading cycles were shown to be preferable to 23-hr loading cycles because it had lower effluent concentrations and they could achieve higher overall TAN mass removals per unit time. After three operational cycles, the SIR-600 had similar TAN uptake performances (0.21 meq/g Vs. 0.21 meq/g) after NaOCl regeneration and after salt (NaCl) regeneration. This is in contrast to the lower TAN uptakes for the NaOCl regeneration in the batch tests, this indicates that batch tests are not always representative of full-scale applications. Compared to NaCl regenerated SIR-600, SIR-600 after NaOCl regeneration had a higher preference for TAN over Ca and K, which makes this type of regeneration very promising. Its only apparent limitation is that the NaOCl regeneration required a longer duration. During the NaOCl regeneration, the main mechanism appears to be the oxidation of ammonia to nitrogen gas and hydrogen ions, however the Na in the NaOCl solution also seems to have a role in the regeneration.
Download or read book The Selective Ion Exchange Removal of Ammonia from Mining Wastewater written by Zachary Guy Chartrand and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Canadian mining industry is a multi-billion-dollar effort and one of Canada's largest industrial sectors, creating jobs and security across the country. Certain practices employed within the industry have led to great developments, while increasing productivity and reducing costs. One such practice is the use of nitrogen-based explosives, which have serious environmental repercussions, namely the introduction of large quantities of ammonia into the ecosystem through means of complex blends of wastewaters also containing various metals. These explosive impacted mining wastewaters (EIMWW), must be treated before being introduced into natural waterways as ammonia pose several threats to the environment including the depletion of dissolved oxygen as well as acute toxicity for fish. Newterra, a provider of modular treatment solutions for water, wastewater and groundwater, requested an assessment of the feasibility of a brine-based ion exchange (IE) system for the removal of ammonia from EIMWW, that would be simple to operate and could be deployed in remote areas. The following thesis consists of an evaluation of several IE materials, to determine the feasibility of an IE system for the treatment of real EIMWW. Potassium and calcium were determined to be the problematic ions present in the EIMWW, potentially leading to competitive adsorption issues. This was accomplished by comparing batch IE isotherms for five different IE materials; one natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), one modified clinoptilolite (Resintech SIR-600), and three synthetic resins (Purolite SSTC60, Amberlite IR120 Na and Bojie BC121 H) using both a synthetic single-solute ammonia wastewater and real EIMWW with a total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration of 3.87 meq TAN/L (7̃0 mg/L). The three synthetic resins produced the largest reductions in capacities from the effects of competition and featured the following exchange capacities when treating EIMWW: 0.24±0.03, 0.25±0.01 and 0.22±0.001 meq TAN/g for the Purolite, Amberlite and Bojie resins respectively. These were respective reductions of 87±0.96, 86±0.80 and 87±0.03 % compared to their single-solute TAN solution capacities. The two zeolites featured higher multi-component exchange capacities; 0.32±0.04 meq TAN/g for the clinoptilolite and 0.42±0.01 meq TAN/g for the SIR-600. Furthermore, calcium was found to pose minimal competitive effects and potassium was responsible for the most capacity reduction. Batch regeneration experiments with the clinoptilolite and SIR-600 were undertaken to evaluate the long-term performance of both materials. These consisted of IE isotherms with the EIMWW followed by material regeneration with various regenerants including a 2.5 % KCl/2.5 % NaCl, a 5 % KCl, and a 2.5, 5 and 10 % NaCl solution. Ultimately, the 5 % and 10 % NaCl solutions were the only regenerants to result in an increase of capacity with the 10 % solution featuring higher capacities for both materials. After four exchange/regeneration cycles using a 10 % NaCl brine, the clinoptilolite produced the following capacities: 0.16±0.01 meq Ca2+/g, 0.39±0.06 meq K+/g and 0.34±0.02 meq TAN/g. For the same conditions the Resintech SIR-600 resulted in the following capacities: 0.12±0.01 meq Ca2+/g, 0.52±0.01 meq K+/g and 0.46±0.00 meq TAN/g. Based on the higher TAN exchange performance, column studies were performed with the Resintech SIR-600 to validate the material's performance using a more realistic mode of operation similar to real world applications. This was accomplished by comparing the capacities of the material using both a single solute TAN wastewater as well as the EIMWW and a breakthrough concentration criterion of 0.55 meq TAN/L (1̃0 mg/L). The EIMWW featured breakthrough after only 50 bed volumes, comparatively to the synthetic TAN solution where breakthrough occurred after 274 bed volumes, indicating that competition played a significant role in the performance of the system.
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimization of Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange Using Clinoptilolite written by University of California, Berkeley. Sanitary Engineering Research Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Feasibility written by Michael J. Semmens and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ammonia Removal from Agricultural Runoff and Secondary Effluents by Selected Ion Exchange written by Pacific Northwest Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Optimization of Ammonia Removal from Wastewater by Ion Exchange on Clinoptilolite written by John Hodge Koon and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ammonia Removal in a Physical chemical Wastewater Treatment Process written by Robert A. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ammonia Removal and Recovery from Wastewater Using Natural Zeolite An Integrated System for Regeneration by Air Stripping Followed Ion Exchange written by Qiaosi Deng and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study revealed that ammonium ion exchange of natural zeolite could be a feasible method of nitrogen removal and recovery from permeate from anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs). NaCl concentrations optimized for chemical regeneration in batch experiments did not match those in continuous column tests. Instead, the mass ratio of Na+ to Zeolite-NH4+-N was significant for improving regeneration efficiency in column experiments; this mass ratio was 750 g Na+/g Zeolite-NH4+-N required for regeneration efficiency over 90% in 2 hours at pH 9. ???To decrease the NaCl dose in regeneration of exhausted zeolite, a high pH regeneration method was developed using an NaCl concentration of 10 g/L at pH 12 (the mass of Na+ to Zeolite-NH4+-N of 4.2 ) which achieved a regeneration efficiency about 85%. The recovery of ammonium nitrogen from the exhausted zeolite was assessed with air stripping followed by ammonia collection in an acid scrubber. The effects of shaking and air stripping were investigated in batch tests and the results showed the superiority of air stripping over shaking. Liquid circulation and air flow rates were varied for optimization of ammonia recovery in a continuous zeolite-packed column combined with a regeneration chamber and a stripping column. The liquid circulation rate had no significant effect on either the regeneration efficiency or the ammonia transfer efficiency from ammonium nitrogen to ammonia gas, while the ammonia transfer efficiency significantly increased with the air flow rate.??? Furthermore, the effect of pH on ammonia recovery was tested. Both the regeneration efficiency and the ammonia transfer efficiency were significantly improved with increasing pH. When the pH was increased from 9.5 to 12, the regeneration efficiency increased from 9.2% to 84% and the ammonia transfer efficiency increased from 54% to 92%. The nitrogen recovery process that combines zeolite ammonium exchange and air stripping can decrease chemical costs for regeneration of exhausted zeolite and efficiently collect ammonium nitrogen to be reused as fertilizers. Hence, the integrated nitrogen process can resolve the challenge of nitrogen removal in anaerobic membrane bioreactors treating organic wastewater in sustainable manners.
Download or read book Mineral Processing Plant Design Practice and Control written by Andrew L. Mular and published by SME. This book was released on 2002 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Based on 138 proceedings papers from October 2002, this broad reference will become the new standard text for colleges and will become a must for engineers, consultants, suppliers, manufacturers.
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange written by Pacific Northwest Laboratory and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Removal of Ammonia from Wastewaters by Chlorination written by William Stephen Howard and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange written by United States Environmental Protection Agency. Water Quality Office and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange Mobile Pilot Plant Studies and Process Design with Electrochemical Renovation of Regenerant written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Wastewater Ammonia Removal by Ion Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
