Download or read book America s Strategy Resource Mismatch written by Timothy M. Bonds and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-15 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant gaps exist in the ability of the United States and its allies to deter or defeat aggression that could threaten national interests. For example, NATO members Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania remain vulnerable to Russian invasion. South Korea is vulnerable to North Korea's artillery. China's neighbors — especially Taiwan — are vulnerable to coercion and aggression. Violent extremists continue to pose a threat in the Middle East. Solutions to these problems will take both money and time. In this report, RAND researchers analyze the specific technological, doctrinal, and budgetary gaps between the stated strategic and defense policies of the United States and the resources and capabilities that would be required to implement those policies successfully. Absent a change in administration policy or a new political consensus in favor of a defense buildup, there will not be enough resources to close the gap between stated U.S. aims and the military capabilities needed to achieve them. This leaves the Trump administration and this Congress with some difficult choices. The United States could decide to focus primarily on its own security, devoting to allies and partners only those forces and capabilities that could be easily spared. At the other end of the spectrum, the Trump administration could take the central role in defending U.S. allies against aggression by Russia, China, and other potential adversaries. The hard-to-find middle ground would be to provide the military with sufficient capabilities to ensure that aggression that imperils U.S. interests in critical regions would fail while helping allies build the capacity to do more for their own and the collective defense.
Download or read book The Strategy Resources Mismatch Past Present and Future written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the tenure of the current administration, critics have lamented the multi-billion dollar shortfall in defense resources relative to U.S. military strategy and force structure requirements. During this period, underfunding has plagued the procurement account, where a holiday from major systems acquisitions has created a large recapitalization requirement, as well as the operations and maintenance (O & M) account, depleted by unprecedented troop deployment levels. Critics have estimated that the Bottom-Up Review 1993 force, and its successor, the Quadrennial Defense Review 1997 force, have been underfunded by up to $30 billion per year. This substantial mismatch between strategy and resources has generated a lively political critique of an administration lacking understanding and vision of national security strategy. This paper argues, however, that the administration's approach is merely a continuation of U.S. hegemonic grand strategy dating to the end of World War II, and that the current resource mismatch is nothing new. Furthermore, this paper contends that this strategy will continue to guide U.S. security policy, and in concert with emerging external and domestic trends will perpetuate the resource mismatch for the foreseeable future. The paper concludes that this strategy will also result in the frequent and continued use of U.S. military force in limited-objective interventions, and in increasing tensions in U.S. civil-military relations.
Download or read book Strategy policy Mismatch written by Tim Bonds and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although two successive presidents have determined that weapons of mass destruction (WMD)--particularly nuclear weapons in the hands of violent extremists--pose the greatest threat to the American people, and have decided that countering their proliferation is a top strategic priority, neither administration has made countering WMD a priority when it comes to allocating budgetary resources to that overarching national mission. In the public domain, little analysis exists that assesses the capacity and capabilities required by military forces to conduct WMD elimination (WMD-E) operations. As a result, public discussion of what capabilities the military requires for such operations generally omits or gives short shrift to requirements for the WMD-E mission. The purpose of this report is to address and analyze those requirements, namely, the ground force capacity (force size) and capabilities (force structure) needed to accomplish WMD-E missions and tasks. In particular, these analyses provide an informed description of the types and size of U.S. Army forces required to conduct WMD-E operations in a wide range of situations.
Download or read book Red Herrings and Defense Budgets written by Gregory Lee Hauck and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current Defense Program fails to adequately address current readiness shortfalls and long-term modernization needs. If allowed to continue unabated, the ability of U.S. forces to support the National Security Strategy may be significantly jeopardized within the next decade. The factors normally cited as catalysts for this situation are the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), and a chronically under funded Defense budget throughout the last decade. These commonly accepted problems with the defense budget are not the true drivers for shortfalls in the defense program. Accordingly, the commonly accepted means for fixing the problems are inevitably going to fall short of their goals. Without a true understanding of the principal factors affecting defense spending, viable, long term solutions cannot be reached. A comprehensive and systemic understanding of the root causes for our current strategy-resource mismatch, as well as an appreciation of how the Defense budget relates to the Federal budget, are necessary before effective solutions can be developed.
Download or read book Red Herrings and Defense Budgets written by Gregory Lee Hauck and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current Defense Program fails to adequately address current readiness shortfalls and long-term modernization needs. If allowed to continue unabated, the ability of U.S. forces to support the National Security Strategy may be significantly jeopardized within the next decade. The factors normally cited as catalysts for this situation are the Planning, Programming, and Budgeting System (PPBS), and a chronically under funded Defense budget throughout the last decade. These commonly accepted problems with the defense budget are not the true drivers for shortfalls in the defense program. Accordingly, the commonly accepted means for fixing the problems are inevitably going to fall short of their goals. Without a true understanding of the principal factors affecting defense spending, viable, long term solutions cannot be reached. A comprehensive and systemic understanding of the root causes for our current strategy-resource mismatch, as well as an appreciation of how the Defense budget relates to the Federal budget, are necessary before effective solutions can be developed.
Download or read book Addressing the Resource Requirements Mismatch written by William G. Braun and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tension between transformation policy goals and Army concepts to describe the transformed force on the one hand, and the limited funding resources available to implement those concepts on the other, appear to be developing a requirements-resource mismatch. The goals and objectives of the transformation rhetoric intuitively resonate with the military's increasingly technologic culture. Defense budgets fluctuate with changes in administration and perceived threats, but must remain within sustainable levels to avoid unwanted opportunity costs for the American society. This paper suggests that to implement a feasible transformation strategy within sustainable resource levels the Army must rethink its requirements approval process, and produce comprehensive implementation plans constrained by realistic funding and technology expectations. The primary recommendation of this paper is the need to link the planning and programming functions with a resource constrained implementation plan to inform he requirements approval process. The implementation plan needs to provide guidance to balance force recapitalization, modernization, and transformation initiatives across the Army. It must also synchronize the reductions in force structure with the realized fielding transformational capabilities.
Download or read book Addressing the Resource Requirements Mismatch written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: See attached file. The tension between transformation policy goals and Army concepts to describe the transformed force on the one hand, and the limited funding resources available to implement those concepts on the other, appear to be developing a requirements-resource mismatch. The goals and objectives of the transformation rhetoric intuitively resonate with the military's increasingly technologic culture. Defense budgets fluctuate with changes in administration and perceived threats, but must remain within sustainable levels to avoid unwanted opportunity costs for the American society. This paper suggests that to implement a feasible transformation strategy within sustainable resource levels the Army must rethink its requirements approval process, and produce comprehensive implementation plans constrained by realistic funding and technology expectations. The primary recommendation of this paper is the need to link the planning and programming functions with a resource constrained implementation plan to inform he requirements approval process. The implementation plan needs to provide guidance to balance force recapitalization, modernization, and transformation initiatives across the Army. It must also synchronize the reductions in force structure with the realized fielding transformational capabilities.
Download or read book National Security Report Background and Perspective on Important National Security and Defense Policy Issues Volume 1 Issue 4 May 1997 A Look Ahead at the Quadrennial Defense Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 15, the Defense Department is scheduled to submit to Congress the results of the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), the blueprint that is intended to shape American military strategy and determine the structure of U.S. forces in the future. Though the final version of the QDR has yet to be released extensive press accounts and other sources reveal the scope of the review and the course it is taking. The likelihood of worsening mismatches between military strategy and resources under the QDR has caused many, including a number of senior military officers, to conclude that the prime goal of the review has been rationalizing smaller defense budgets rather than actually tailoring U.S. military forces and budgets to the strategic needs of the post-Cold War world. The artificial constraint of limited defense budgets led one senior general to conclude that "we still have dollars driving THE QDR instead of strategy," Similarly, the report of the National Defense Panel, the independent board of outside experts mandated by Congress to assess the QDR, is expected to emphasize the strategy-resources mismatch in its report accompanying the QDR, which is to be submitted to the Secretary of Defense December 1, 1997. "The QDR talks the talk' when it comes to strategy," said one panel member, "but doesn't seem to walk the walk' when it comes to budgets."
Download or read book QDR 2001 Strategy Driven Choices for America s Security written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Security Report Background and Perspective on Important National Security and Defense Policy Issues Volume 1 Issue 4 May 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On May 15, the Defense Department is scheduled to submit to Congress the results of the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), the blueprint that is intended to shape American military strategy and determine the structure of U.S. forces in the future. Though the final version of the QDR has yet to be released extensive press accounts and other sources reveal the scope of the review and the course it is taking. The likelihood of worsening mismatches between military strategy and resources under the QDR has caused many, including a number of senior military officers, to conclude that the prime goal of the review has been rationalizing smaller defense budgets rather than actually tailoring U.S. military forces and budgets to the strategic needs of the post-Cold War world. The artificial constraint of limited defense budgets led one senior general to conclude that "we still have dollars driving THE QDR instead of strategy," Similarly, the report of the National Defense Panel, the independent board of outside experts mandated by Congress to assess the QDR, is expected to emphasize the strategy-resources mismatch in its report accompanying the QDR, which is to be submitted to the Secretary of Defense December 1, 1997. "The QDR
Download or read book The Paradox of Power written by David C. Gompert and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2020 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second half of the 20th century featured a strategic competition between the United States and the Soviet Union. That competition avoided World War III in part because during the 1950s, scholars like Henry Kissinger, Thomas Schelling, Herman Kahn, and Albert Wohlstetter analyzed the fundamental nature of nuclear deterrence. Decades of arms control negotiations reinforced these early notions of stability and created a mutual understanding that allowed U.S.-Soviet competition to proceed without armed conflict. The first half of the 21st century will be dominated by the relationship between the United States and China. That relationship is likely to contain elements of both cooperation and competition. Territorial disputes such as those over Taiwan and the South China Sea will be an important feature of this competition, but both are traditional disputes, and traditional solutions suggest themselves. A more difficult set of issues relates to U.S.-Chinese competition and cooperation in three domains in which real strategic harm can be inflicted in the current era: nuclear, space, and cyber. Just as a clearer understanding of the fundamental principles of nuclear deterrence maintained adequate stability during the Cold War, a clearer understanding of the characteristics of these three domains can provide the underpinnings of strategic stability between the United States and China in the decades ahead. That is what this book is about.
Download or read book Mismatch written by Richard Sander and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over affirmative action has raged for over four decades, with little give on either side. Most agree that it began as noble effort to jump-start racial integration; many believe it devolved into a patently unfair system of quotas and concealment. Now, with the Supreme Court set to rule on a case that could sharply curtail the use of racial preferences in American universities, law professor Richard Sander and legal journalist Stuart Taylor offer a definitive account of what affirmative action has become, showing that while the objective is laudable, the effects have been anything but. Sander and Taylor have long admired affirmative action's original goals, but after many years of studying racial preferences, they have reached a controversial but undeniable conclusion: that preferences hurt underrepresented minorities far more than they help them. At the heart of affirmative action's failure is a simple phenomenon called mismatch. Using dramatic new data and numerous interviews with affected former students and university officials of color, the authors show how racial preferences often put students in competition with far better-prepared classmates, dooming many to fall so far behind that they can never catch up. Mismatch largely explains why, even though black applicants are more likely to enter college than whites with similar backgrounds, they are far less likely to finish; why there are so few black and Hispanic professionals with science and engineering degrees and doctorates; why black law graduates fail bar exams at four times the rate of whites; and why universities accept relatively affluent minorities over working class and poor people of all races. Sander and Taylor believe it is possible to achieve the goal of racial equality in higher education, but they argue that alternative policies -- such as full public disclosure of all preferential admission policies, a focused commitment to improving socioeconomic diversity on campuses, outreach to minority communities, and a renewed focus on K-12 schooling -- will go farther in achieving that goal than preferences, while also allowing applicants to make informed decisions. Bold, controversial, and deeply researched, Mismatch calls for a renewed examination of this most divisive of social programs -- and for reforms that will help realize the ultimate goal of racial equality.
Download or read book China s Grand Strategy written by Andrew Scobell and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2020-07-27 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore what extended competition between the United States and China might entail out to 2050, the authors of this report identified and characterized China’s grand strategy, analyzed its component national strategies (diplomacy, economics, science and technology, and military affairs), and assessed how successful China might be at implementing these over the next three decades.
Download or read book U S National Military Strategy Options written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Strategic Choices for a Turbulent World written by Andrew R. Hoehn and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the last of a six-volume series in which RAND explores the elements of a national strategy for the conduct of U.S. foreign policy. It analyzes U.S. strengths and weaknesses, and suggests adaptations for this new era of turbulence and uncertainty. The report offers three alternative strategic concepts and evaluates their underlying assumptions, costs, risks, and constraints.
Download or read book Mismatch written by Kat Holmes and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-10-16 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How inclusive methods can build elegant design solutions that work for all. Sometimes designed objects reject their users: a computer mouse that doesn't work for left-handed people, for example, or a touchscreen payment system that only works for people who read English phrases, have 20/20 vision, and use a credit card. Something as simple as color choices can render a product unusable for millions. These mismatches are the building blocks of exclusion. In Mismatch, Kat Holmes describes how design can lead to exclusion, and how design can also remedy exclusion. Inclusive design methods—designing objects with rather than for excluded users—can create elegant solutions that work well and benefit all. Holmes tells stories of pioneers of inclusive design, many of whom were drawn to work on inclusion because of their own experiences of exclusion. A gamer and designer who depends on voice recognition shows Holmes his “Wall of Exclusion,” which displays dozens of game controllers that require two hands to operate; an architect shares her firsthand knowledge of how design can fail communities, gleaned from growing up in Detroit's housing projects; an astronomer who began to lose her eyesight adapts a technique called “sonification” so she can “listen” to the stars. Designing for inclusion is not a feel-good sideline. Holmes shows how inclusion can be a source of innovation and growth, especially for digital technologies. It can be a catalyst for creativity and a boost for the bottom line as a customer base expands. And each time we remedy a mismatched interaction, we create an opportunity for more people to contribute to society in meaningful ways.
