Download or read book America in 1492 written by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. and published by Vintage. This book was released on 1993-02-02 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Columbus landed in 1492, the New World was far from being a vast expanse of empty wilderness: it was home to some seventy-five million people. They ranged from the Arctic to Tierra del Fuego, spoke as many as two thousand different languages, and lived in groups that varied from small bands of hunter-gatherers to the sophisticated and dazzling empires of the Incas and Aztecs. This brilliantly detailed and documented volume brings together essays by fifteen leading scholars field to present a comprehensive and richly evocative portrait of Native American life on the eve of Columbus's first landfall. Developed at the D'Arcy McNickle Center for the History of the American Indian and edited by award-winning author Alvin M. Josehpy, Jr., America in 1492 is an invaluable work that combines the insights of historians, anthropologists, and students of art, religion, and folklore. Its dozens of illustrations, drawn from largely from the rare books and manuscripts housed at the Newberry Library, open a window on worlds flourished in the Americas five hundred years ago.
Download or read book The Diario of Christopher Columbus s First Voyage to America 1492 1493 written by and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive edition of Columbus's account of the voyage presents the most accurate printed version of his journal available to date. Unfortunately both Columbus's original manuscript, presented to Ferdinand and Isabella along with other evidence of his discoveries, and a single complete copy have been lost for centuries. The primary surviving record of the voyage-part quotation, part summary of the complete copy-is a transcription made by Bartolome de las Casas in the 1530s. This new edition of the Las Casas manuscript presents its entire contents-including notes, insertions, and canceled text-more accurately, completely, and graphically than any other Spanish text published so far. In addition, the new translation, which strives for readability and accuracy, appears on pages facing the Spanish, encouraging on-the- spot comparisons of the translation with the original. Study of the work is further facilitated by extensive notes, documenting differences between the editors' transcription and translation and those of other transcribers and translators and summarizing current research and debates on unanswered current research and debates on unanswered questions concerning the voyage. In addition to being the only edition in which Spanish and English are presented side by side, this edition includes the only concordance ever prepared for the Diario. Awaited by scholars, this new edition will help reduce the guesswork that has long plagued the study of Columbus's voyage. It may shed light on a number of issues related to Columbus's navigational methods and the identity of his landing places, issues whose resolution depend, at least in part, on an accurate transcription of the Diario. Containing day-by-day accounts of the voyage and the first sighting of land, of the first encounters with the native populations and the first appraisals of his islands explored, and of a suspenseful return voyage to Spain, the Diario provides a fascinating and useful account to historians, geographers, anthropologists, sailors, students, and anyone else interested in the discovery-or in a very good sea story. Oliver Dunn received the PH.D. degree from Cornell University. He is Professor Emeritus in Purdue University and a longtime student of Spanish and early history of Spanish America. James E. Kelley, Jr., received the M.A. degree from American University. A mathematician and computer and management consultant by vocation, for the past twenty years he has studied the history of European cartography and navigation in late-medieval times. Both are members of the Society for the History of Discoveries and have written extensively on the history of navigation and on Columbus's first voyage, Although they remain unconvinced of its conclusions, both were consultants to the National geographic Society's 1986 effort to establish Samana Cay as the site of Columbus's first landing.
Download or read book The Language Encounter in the Americas 1492 1800 written by Edward G. Gray and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2000 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Columbus arrived in the Americas there were, it is believed, as many as 2,000 distinct, mutually unintelligible tongues spoken in the western hemisphere, encompassing the entire area from the Arctic Circle to Tierra del Fuego. This astonishing fact has generally escaped the attention of historians, in part because many of these indigenous languages have since become extinct. And yet the burden of overcoming America's language barriers was perhaps the one problem faced by all peoples of the New World in the early modern era: African slaves and Native Americans in the Lower Mississippi Valley; Jesuit missionaries and Huron-speaking peoples in New France; Spanish conquistadors and the Aztec rulers. All of these groups confronted America's complex linguistic environment, and all of them had to devise ways of transcending that environment - a problem that arose often with life or death implications. For the first time, historians, anthropologists, literature specialists, and linguists have come together to reflect, in the fifteen original essays presented in this volume, on the various modes of contact and communication that took place between the Europeans and the "Natives." A particularly important aspect of this fascinating collection is the way it demonstrates the interactive nature of the encounter and how Native peoples found ways to shape and adapt imported systems of spoken and written communication to their own spiritual and material needs.
Download or read book Discovery of the Americas 1492 1800 written by Facts On File, Incorporated and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1492, Christopher Columbus led an expedition sponsored by King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to find the passage to the west to the riches of India.
Download or read book America in 1492 written by Alvin M. Josephy and published by Vintage. This book was released on 1993-02-02 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the editorship of the chairman of the National Museum of the American Indian, 15 prominent scholars present a richly detailed portrait of the civilizations that flourished in the Americas on the eve of Columbus's arrival. These essays explore societies ranging from the hunter-gatherers of the Arctic to the Inca empire. Photographs and maps.
Download or read book The Native Population of the Americas in 1492 written by William M. Denevan and published by Univ of Wisconsin Press. This book was released on 1992-03-15 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William M. Denevan writes that, "The discovery of America was followed by possibly the greatest demographic disaster in the history of the world." Research by some scholars provides population estimates of the pre-contact Americas to be as high as 112 million in 1492, while others estimate the population to have been as low as eight million. In any case, the native population declined to less than six million by 1650. In this collection of essays, historians, anthropologists, and geographers discuss the discrepancies in the population estimates and the evidence for the post-European decline. Woodrow Borah, Angel Rosenblat, William T. Sanders, and others touch on such topics as the Indian slave trade, diseases, military action, and the disruption of the social systems of the native peoples. Offering varying points of view, the contributors critically analyze major hemispheric and regional data and estimates for pre- and post-European contact. This revised edition features a new introduction by Denevan reviewing recent literature and providing a new hemispheric estimate of 54 million, a foreword by W. George Lovell of Queen's University, and a comprehensive updating of the already extensive bibliography. Research in this subject is accelerating, with contributions from many disciplines. The discussions and essays presented here can serve both as an overview of past estimates, conflicts, and methods and as indicators of new approaches and perspectives to this timely subject.
Download or read book A People s History of the United States written by Howard Zinn and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2003-02-04 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its original landmark publication in 1980, A People's History of the United States has been chronicling American history from the bottom up, throwing out the official version of history taught in schools -- with its emphasis on great men in high places -- to focus on the street, the home, and the, workplace. Known for its lively, clear prose as well as its scholarly research, A People's History is the only volume to tell America's story from the point of view of -- and in the words of -- America's women, factory workers, African-Americans, Native Americans, the working poor, and immigrant laborers. As historian Howard Zinn shows, many of our country's greatest battles -- the fights for a fair wage, an eight-hour workday, child-labor laws, health and safety standards, universal suffrage, women's rights, racial equality -- were carried out at the grassroots level, against bloody resistance. Covering Christopher Columbus's arrival through President Clinton's first term, A People's History of the United States, which was nominated for the American Book Award in 1981, features insightful analysis of the most important events in our history. Revised, updated, and featuring a new after, word by the author, this special twentieth anniversary edition continues Zinn's important contribution to a complete and balanced understanding of American history.
Download or read book The Colonization of North America 1492 1783 written by Herbert Eugene Bolton and published by . This book was released on 1920 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book 1492 written by Newton Frohlich and published by Leisure Books. This book was released on 1991-11 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The spellbinding story of the year that changed our world forever. A novel that captures the passion, glory, and spectacle of the struggle for power and wealth waged by the Christians and the Moors . . . and the human tragedy and personal triumph that forever changed our world. 1492 is captivating . . . extraordinarily vivid --Publishers Weekly.
Download or read book Letter of Christopher Columbus to Rafael Sanchez written by Christopher Columbus and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Before Columbus written by Charles C. Mann and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A companion book for young readers based upon the explorations of the Americas in 1491, before those of Christopher Columbus.
Download or read book 1492 written by Homero Aridjis and published by UNM Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A best seller in Latin America in the 1980s, this novel of life in fifteenth-century Spain depicts a world in which both the Moors and the Jews are under attack. This is the formative period of the phenomenon known today as Crypto-Judaism, and Aridjis's widely praised book, now available for the first time in an American paperback edition, will find a broad audience among readers fascinated by this aspect of Jewish history. "In 1492, the Catholic rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella, expelled the Jews from Spain. In Homero Aridjis' novel, the great saga of the expulsion comes to life with both historical and poetic resonance. A great Mexican poet, Aridjis embraces history and fiction with the warmth and insight of the lyrical vision."--Carlos Fuentes "In this highly readable novel which deals with a special and painful chapter in history, Homero Aridjis combines erudition, sensitivity and poetic imagination. I recommend it warmly."--Elie Wiesel "A novel of literary subtlety and sensibility. Few contemporary writers have captured so profoundly and with such style this era marked by three essential events: the establishment of the Catholic sovereigns, the expulsion of the Jews from Spain, and the discovery of America."--El País (Madrid) "Among worldwide bestsellers, 1492 is the most similar to Umberto Eco's The Name of the Rose; both are concerned with the trials of heretics and the violence employed against the dissident. Aridjis gives an encyclopedic vision of catastrophic times."--La Jornada (Mexico City)
Download or read book Making of America written by Robert D. Johnston and published by National Geographic Kids. This book was released on 2002-10 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the history of the United States.
Download or read book Origins of the American Indians written by Lee Eldridge Huddleston and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2015-02-26 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Indian—origin, culture, and language—engaged the best minds of Europe from 1492 to 1729. Were the Indians the result of a co-creation? Were they descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel? Could they have emigrated from Carthage, Phoenicia, or Troy? All these and many other theories were proposed. How could scholars account for the multiplicity of languages among the Indians, the differences in levels of culture? And how did the Indian arrive in America—by using as a bridge a now-lost continent or, as was later suggested by some persons in the light of an expanding knowledge of geography, by using the Bering Strait as a migratory route? Most of the theories regarding the American Indian were first advanced in the sixteenth century. In this distinctive book Lee E. Huddleston looks carefully into those theories and proposals. From many research sources he weaves an historical account that engages the reader from the very first. The two most influential men in an early-developing controversy over Indian origins were Joseph de Acosta and Gregorio García. Approaching the subject with restraint and with a critical eye, Acosta, in 1590, suggested that the presence of diverse animals in America indicated a land connection with the Old World. On the other hand, García accepted several theories as equally possible and presented each in the strongest possible light in his Origen de los indios of 1607. The critical position of Acosta and the credulous stand of García were both developed in Spanish writing in the seventeenth century. The Acostans settled on an Asiatic derivation for the Indians; the Garcians continued to accept most sources as possible. The Garcian position triumphed in Spain, as was shown by the republication of García’s Origen in 1729 with considerable additions consistent within the original framework. Outside of Spain, Acosta was the more influential of the two. His writings were critical in the thinking of such men as Joannes de Laet (who bested Grotius in their polemic on Indian origins), Georg Horn, and Samuel Purchas. By the end of the seventeenth century the Acostans of Northern Europe had begun to apply physical characteristics to the determination of Indian origins, and by the early eighteenth century these new criteria were beginning to place the question of Indian origins on a more nearly scientific level.
Download or read book Native Americans Before 1492 written by Lynda N. Shaffer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pre-Columbian culture of the Mississippi woodlands has received surprisingly little attention from historians. Studying this culture, which was in many respects highly advanced, opens an entirely new perspective on what we are used to thinking of as "American" history. This essay by a distinguished historian and teacher is aimed at world history classes and other classes that cover the Americas before the arrival of the Europeans.
Download or read book America in 1492 The World of the Indian Peoples Before the Arrival of Columbus written by Alvin M. Josephy, Jr. and published by Turtleback Books. This book was released on 1993-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the editorship of the chairman of the National Museum of the American Indian, 15 prominent scholars present a richly detailed portrait of the civilizations that flourished in the Americas on the eve of Columbus's arrival. These essays explore societies ranging from the hunter-gatherers of the Arctic to the Inca empire. Photographs and maps.
Download or read book Native American America written by Tim McNeese and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For thousands of years, before the arrival of Christopher Columbus and the Europeans, the vast American landscape was home to millions of Native Americans, whose ancestors still remain on the land today. They formed a wide variety of regional cultures, dotting the unspoiled environs stretching from the stark, red rock formations of the Southwest to the thick forestlands of the Northeast. Through descriptive and captivating text enhanced by detailed images and informative sidebars, readers will examine how each Indian culture group adapted to their unique surroundings and turned nature into home, as they built their houses, hunted for food, raised their children, and worshiped their gods.
