Download or read book Alternative High Occupancy toll Lane Pricing Strategies and Their Effect on Market Share written by Michael Janson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proactive and Robust Dynamic Pricing Strategies for High Occupancy toll Lanes written by Dimitra Michalaka and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Congestion pricing is to reduce congestion in transportation infrastructure by charging motorists a certain amount of money--known as a toll--for the use of the roads. Congestion pricing has been promoted by economists and transportation researchers as one of the most efficient means to mitigate traffic congestion because it employs the price mechanism with almost all the advantages of efficiency, universality and clarity. When tolls implemented on highway lanes vary by the time of day, with higher values charged during peak traffic periods, it is called as dynamic tolling. The tolled lanes are High Occupancy/ Toll Lanes (HOT) if the high occupancy vehicles are allowed to use the lanes toll-free. As the literature review indicates, many studies have been conducted to determine optimal dynamic tolls than can be implemented to roads with high congestion levels. However, most of these studies take into consideration idealized and hypothetical situations in order to derive solutions. For instance, the travel demand is assumed to be known as well as motorists' willingness to pay, i.e., how much money they are likely to pay for using the managed facility. In addition, there is not any model that takes into consideration uncertainty of demand or capacity for the determination of the toll values. Therefore, this thesis develops a more robust and proactive approach to determine time-varying tolls for HOT lanes in response to real-time traffic conditions. The toll rates are optimized to provide free-flow conditions to managed lanes while maximizing freeway's throughput. The approach consists of several key components, including demand learning and scenario-based robust toll optimization. Simulation experiments are conducted to validate and demonstrate the proposed approach.
Download or read book A Mathematical Model for Evaluating the Conversion of High Occupancy Vehicle Lane to High Occupancy toll Lane written by Raghavender Palavadi Naga and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Occupancy toll Lanes written by Gordon J. Fielding and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessing Pricing Strategies and Users Attitudes Towards Managed Lanes written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multi criteria Analysis written by Jeffrey Douglas Ensor and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in road pricing among political leaders, transportation analysts, academics, and government agencies has increased in recent years. There are myriad reasons for this newfound consideration, but the deployment of intelligent transportation systems, the desire for additional revenue sources, and the search for policies that can reduce congestion are among the most important. This thesis examines the impacts of six different types of road pricing strategies, namely: conventional tolling, facility congestion pricing, express lanes (e.g. HOT lanes), area- wide and cordon pricing, network pricing, and distance-based pricing. It also presents a new sketch-planning model, the Road Pricing Decision Analysis Tool (RPDAT), which highlights each strategy's unique set of strengths and weaknesses for achieving different policy objectives and recommends road pricing strategies for particular metropolitan areas. Despite a growing interest in pricing, many decision makers feel unable to estimate the impacts of pricing strategies accurately with conventional models. This thesis discusses the factors believed to be responsible for drivers' choosing to use priced facilities, explains why conventional models are incapable of capturing many of these factors or the aggregate effects of a pricing policy, and identifies some improvements that could be made to existing transportation models. RPDAT performs a multi-criteria analysis of nine road pricing strategies, one of which is a "no pricing" alternative, for a metropolitan area. The user inputs policy priorities and regional characteristics, and RPDAT's algorithms calculate how well each alternative meets the decision maker's criteria as well as index scores that reflect the overall preference for each alternative. This tool is applied to Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia and is used to recommend road pricing strategies for the KL metropolitan area.
Download or read book High Occupancy Toll Lanes with a Refund Option written by Melissa Archer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managed Lanes (MLs) have been increasingly advocated as a way to reduce congestion. This study provides an innovative new tolling strategy for MLs called the travel time refund (TTR). The TTR is an "insurance" that ensures the ML user will arrive to their destination within a specified travel time savings, at an additional fee to the toll. If the user fails to arrive to their destination, the user is refunded the toll amount. To gauge interest in the TTR, a stated preference survey was developed and distributed throughout the Phoenix-metropolitan area. Over 2,200 responses were gathered with about 805 being completed. Exploratory data analysis of the data included a descriptive analysis regarding individual and household demographic variables, HOV usage and satisfaction levels, HOT usage and interests, and TTR interests. Cross-tabulation analysis is further conducted to examine trends and correlations between variables, if any. Because most survey takers were in Arizona, the majority (53%) of respondents were unfamiliar with HOT lanes and their practices. This may have had an impact on the interest in the TTR, although it was not apparent when looking at the cross-tabulation between HOT knowledge and TTR interest. The concept of the HOT lane and "paying to travel" itself may have turned people away from the TTR option. Therefore, similar surveys implementing new HOT pricing strategies should be deployed where current HOT practices are already in existence. Moreover, introducing the TTR concept to current HOT users may also receive valuable feedback in its future deployment. Further analysis will include the weighting of data to account for sample bias, an exploration of the stated preference scenarios to determine what factors were significant in peoples choices, and a predictive model of those choices based on demographic information.
Download or read book Feasibility of Priority Lane Pricing on the KATY HOV Lane written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the circumstances under which congestion pricing of an HOV lane might be appropriate, as well as the operational, legal, and public acceptance issues that bear on feasibility. Use of the I-10 (Katy Freeway) HOV lane is restricted to vehicles with three or more occupants (HOV3+) during the peak hours daily because the original HOV2+ eligibility produced demands approaching capacity and thus significant loss in operating speeds. However, the HOV3+ restriction results in significant excess capacity. In order to move more people during the peaks, METRO and TxDOT are considering allowing HOV2s to "Buy-in." The feasibility analysis shows that there is adequate capacity for up to 600 HOV2s during each peak period. Legal feasibility rested on three issues: 1) authority to toll, 2) authority to enforce, and 3) ability to receive revenues. Critical steps for achieving public acceptance include: 1) understanding historic public feedback nationally, 2) understanding local opinions (both users and general public), 3) developing a public education/information campaign, and 4) developing support among local officials. The approach to establish a pricing policy in Houston involved the following: 1) develop the pricing objectives, 2) determine relevant local mobility prices and related tolling practices, and 3) establish an initial strategy and setting an adjustment policy. The feasibility research has been completed and implementation plan prepared. The transit authority board and the state transportation commission have voted to proceed with a one-year trial beginning in 1997.
Download or read book Enhancement and Evaluation of Dynamic Pricing Strategies of Managed Toll Lanes written by Dimitra Michalaka and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Then, the tolling practice for the multi-segment HOT lane facilities is outlined and recommendations for the future 95 Express, which will be expanded into a multi-segment facility, are made. This research also includes the enhancement of a microscopic simulation tool, CORSIM, to simulate HOT lane operations. Three main modeling components are developed, including three pricing strategies, a lane-choice module, and four toll structures for multi-segment HOT facilities. The enhanced software is demonstrated by simulating the current and future 95Express. The result is that CORSIM enhancements are able to capture the primary characteristics of HOT lane operations and management.
Download or read book An Examination of Factors Affecting High Occupancy Toll Lane Demand written by Justice Appiah and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, high occupancy/toll (HOT) lanes have gained increasing recognition as a potential method of managing traffic congestion. HOT lanes combine pricing and vehicle occupancy restrictions to optimize the demand for high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes. Besides having all the advantages of traditional HOV lanes, HOT lanes can also generate revenue to help finance various operation and maintenance programs. At present there are four fairly well established HOT lane projects in the United States: two in Houston, Texas, and one each in San Diego, and Riverside County, California. After 6 years in operation, Houston's HOT lanes receive comparatively lower patronage than the two California projects. An understanding of why people choose to use HOT lanes will be vital to improving the performance of existing HOT facilities and will also shed light on policy decisions regarding future HOT lane investments. This study examined the relative importance of different parameters which could be expected to influence the demand for HOT lanes using standard statistical and discrete choice modeling techniques on survey data from Houston's HOT lane users. The study showed that, controlling for other variables, trip length, the driver's perception of travel time savings offered by the HOT lanes, frequency of travel in the freeway corridor, trip purpose, and the amount of time spent on carpool formation were good predictors of HOT lane usage. Socioeconomic characteristics such as age and level of education were also good indicators of the frequency of HOT lane usage whereas household size, occupation, and hourly wage rate were not. Gender and annual household income were only loosely related to HOT lane usage. Inelastic responses to minor changes in the toll coupled by responses to a question regarding participants feeling towards the $2.00 toll, suggested that the toll was not a major deterrent to HOT lane usage. A primary deterrent was the need for one passenger to use the HOT lane when free use required two passengers. However, travelers who shared the toll with their carpool partners were likely to have made more frequent HOT lane trips than those who bore the entire cost.
Download or read book International Perspectives on Road Pricing written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2005 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Conference Proceedings 34: International Perspectives on Road Pricing is the proceedings of the International Symposium on Road Pricing held on November 19-22, 2003, in Key Biscayne, Florida. The event was a collaborative effort of TRB, the Florida Department of Transportation, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, and the federal Highway Administration. The report includes two commissioned resource papers that examine the evolution of congestion pricing and the state of the practice in road pricing outside the United States. The proceedings also explore pricing successes and the challenges that have accompanied specific projects' implementation, as well as the potential evolution of road pricing in the future.
Download or read book Evaluating Alternative Operations Strategies to Improve Travel Time Reliability written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.) and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report from the second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, sets out requirements for travel time reliability within a performance-based planning process. The research includes an effort to determine the economic value of improvements in travel time reliability by applying options theory from the financial sector. The report includes two succinct tables that describe requirements for person and freight trips for reliable transport, as well as a forecast of the year 2030 under alternative assumptions that may influence travel time reliability.
Download or read book Optimal Dynamic Pricing for Managed Lanes with Multiple Entrances and Exits written by Venktesh Pandey and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic pricing models are explored in this thesis for high-occupancy/toll (HOT) lanes, which are increasingly being considered as a means to relieve congestion by providing a reliable travel time alternative to travelers. The work is focused on two aspects of dynamic pricing: (a) utilizing real-time traffic measurements to inform parameters of the pricing model and (b) developing a optimal pricing formulation for managed lanes with multiple entrances and exits. The first part of the thesis develops a non-linear estimation model to determine the parameters of the value of time (VOT) distribution using real-time loop detector measurements. The estimation model is run on a HOT network with a single entrance and exit assuming the VOT has a Burr distribution. The estimation results show that the true parameter values of a VOT distribution for a population can be learned from loop detector readings measured before and after the toll gantry location. Differing toll profile predictions are observed for different choices of initial conditions. The observability of the collected measurements to estimate the parameters of the model is identified as a primary factor for the non-linear estimation to work in real-time. Further research areas are identified to extend the analysis of using real-time loop detector data for complex HOT networks and for different toll optimization objectives. The second part proposes a dynamic programming (DP) formulation to solve distance-based optimal tolling for HOT lanes with multiple entrances and exits (HOT-MEME) under deterministic demand conditions. The simplifying assumptions made to model HOT-MEME networks found in the literature are relaxed. Two objectives are considered for optimization: maximizing generated revenue and minimizing experienced total system travel time. A spatial queue model is used to capture the traffic dynamics and a multinomial logit model is used to simulate lane choice at each diverge. A backward recursion algorithm is applied, under simplifying assumptions for the definition of the state of the system, to solve for the optimal toll. The results indicate that the DP approach can theoretically determine optimal tolls for HOT lanes with multiple entrances and exits, but further research needs to be conducted for the algorithm to work practically for medium to large size networks. Recommendations are made in the conclusion about how advanced methods can be utilized to tackle the computational constraints.
Download or read book Dulles Corridor Rapid Transit Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Occupancy Toll Lanes written by Gordon J. Fielding and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A consensus is emerging among transportation economists that the best way to deal with freeway congestion is to charge for driving during peak hours. The main barrier to implementation is political: drastic change is politically unpopular. This paper proposes a way of overcoming the political obstacles by phasing in congestion pricing over a period of many years. The proposal involves modifying the current concept of High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes. Current HOV lanes are not very effective at reducing traffic; 43 percent of car-poolers are members of the same household. They cost everyone but serve few drivers. We propose replacing HOV lanes with HOT lanes: High Occupancy/Toll lanes. A HOT lane would give free passage to three-occupant vehicles (HOV3s) but permit all others to pay a peak-hour toll for access. This would utilize more of the lane's capacity, demonstrate congestion pricing on a wide scale, and generate revenues to pay for HOT lane construction. In cases where the choice is between a HOT lane or no additional lane, the HOT-lane option also promotes ridesharing.
Download or read book Interstate 93 Improvements from Salem to Manchester Hillsborough and Rockingham Counties written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential Single occupancy Vehicle Demand for the Katy Freeway and Northwest Freeway High occupancy Vehicle Lanes written by Lei Xu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1960's, high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been successfully used as a travel demand management technique. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes as an alternative to HOV lanes to help manage the increasing demand for travel. HOT lanes combine pricing and vehicle occupancy restrictions to optimize the demand for HOV lanes. As two of the four HOT lanes in the world, the HOT lane facilities in Houston, Texas received relatively low patronage after operating for over 6 years on the Katy Freeway and over 4 years on the Northwest Freeway. There existed an opportunity to increase the usage of these HOT lanes by allowing single-occupancy vehicle (SOV) travelers to use the lanes, for an appropriate toll. The potential SOV demand for HOV lane use during the off-peakperiods from the Katy Freeway and Northwest Freeway general-purpose lane (GPL) travelers was estimated in this study by using the data collected from a 2003 survey of travelers on the Katy and Northwest Freeway GPLs who were not enrolled in QuickRide. Based on survey results, more travelers would choose to drive on the HOT lanes as SOV travelers during the off-peak periods when the facilities provided higher travel time savings and charged lower tolls. Two important factors influencing travelers' use of the HOV lanes were their value of travel time savings (VTTS) and penalty for changing travel schedule (VPCS). It was found that respondents had VTTS approximately 43 percent of their hourly wage rate and VPCS approximately 3 percent of their hourly wage rate. Combining this information with current travel time savings and available capacity on the HOV lanes, it was found that approximately 2000 SOV travelers per day would pay an average toll of $2.25 to use the HOV lanes during the off-peak periods.
