Download or read book Alkaline Hydrolysis is an Effective Treatment Technology for RDX Contaminated Groundwater written by Deborah R. Felt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kinetics and treatability of alkaline hydrolysis were investigated in batch reactor and continuous flow-stirred tank reactor (CFSTR) for remediating groundwater contaminated with hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). The batch system (pH 11 to 13, RDX 1 to 10 mg/L) achieved pseudo first-order RDX transformation rates in the range of 0.2 to 47.5 min-1, corresponding to 57.8 to 0.2 hrs of half-life period, respectively. In the CFSTR system (pH 11 to 11.9, HRT 0.54 to 2 days), the best alkaline RDX transformation was achieved a 99% RDX removal with the longest HRT and the highest reaction pH. Formate ({approx}2 M/M RDXremoved) and nitrite ({approx}0.2 M/M RDXremoved) were produced as the major hydrolysates, indicative of a simultaneous transformation mechanism by RDX ring cleavage and ring nitrogen elimination. The net OH- demand was found to be 1.5, 390 and 130 M OH-/M RDXremoved at the pH of 11.9, 11.5 and 11.0, respectively, in the CFSTR system.
Download or read book Remediation of RDX contaminated Water Using Alkaline Hydrolysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physico chemical Treatment of Water Contaminated with the High Explosives RDX and HMX Using Activated Carbon Adsorption and Alkaline Hydrolysis written by Harro M. Heilmann and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physico chemical Treatment of Water Contaminated with RDX and HMX Using Activated Carbon Adsorption and Alkaline Hydrolysis written by Harro M. Heilmann and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of the Alkaline Hydrolysis as a Possible Remediation Treatment for CL 20 Contaminated Water written by Lara Cristina Santiago Rodríguez and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. 29-30 contain papers of the International Engineering Congress, Chicago, 1893; v. 54, pts. A-F, papers of the International Engineering Congress, St. Louis, 1904.
Download or read book Applicability of Alkaline Hydrolysis for Remediation of TNT contaminated Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 4511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physico chemical treatment of water contaminated with the high explosives RDX and HMX using activated carbon adsorption and alkine hydrolysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alkaline Hydrolysis of Explosives written by Catherine Elizabeth VanEngelen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, ammunitions testing and manufacturing facilities must transform unused explosives into non-hazardous materials for disposal. 2,4,6- trinitrotoluene (TNT) is an explosive that has been found as a soil and groundwater contaminant at numerous ammunitions testing sites. Unused quantities of nitrocellulose (NC), another explosive, have also been accumulating at ammunitions manufacturing facilities. Transformation of both TNT and NC to non-explosive compounds has been studied using either chemical or biological approaches, each with limited success. With respect to TNT, the use of alkaline hydrolysis (degradation at high pH) as a chemical treatment had been tested at room temperature (20°C) under conditions where the hydroxide concentration exceeded that of TNT (pH> 10). These high hydroxide conditions were not directly amenable to biological treatment of the hydrolysis products. This study found that alkaline hydrolysis was effective for complete degradation of TNT at elevated temperatures (60°C and 80°C) when the concentration of TNT was less than the hydroxide concentration (pH 9 and 10). The resulting solution, or hydrolysate, contained no TNT. This hydrolysate was used as the carbon and nitrogen source for an aerobic bacterial enrichment from the Bozeman wastewater treatment plant. With respect to NC, the back-log of accumulated NC necessitates a degradation method that will process high NC concentrations (200g/L). Alkaline hydrolysis at 60°C was used with very high hydroxide concentrations to rapidly degrade high concentrations of NC, producing high nitrate and nitrite concentrations. The NC hydrolysate was neutralized and spiked into a denitrifying culture which was able to reduce both nitrate and nitrite. The goal of this work was to develop a dual component chemical-biological system for complete degradation of the explosives TNT and NC, which was achieved using alkaline hydrolysis as the chemical component and bacterial wastewater treatment enrichments as the biological component.
Download or read book Electrolytic Alkaline Decompositon of a Muntion Constituent RDX Contaminated Groundwater written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hazardous Waste Hazardous Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Weapons Destruction and Explosive Waste written by Robert Noyes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms. Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program.The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations.The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher.However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are:1. Chemical weapons destruction2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extractionThis book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contaminants in the Subsurface written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-04-23 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At hundreds of thousands of commercial, industrial, and military sites across the country, subsurface materials including groundwater are contaminated with chemical waste. The last decade has seen growing interest in using aggressive source remediation technologies to remove contaminants from the subsurface, but there is limited understanding of (1) the effectiveness of these technologies and (2) the overall effect of mass removal on groundwater quality. This report reviews the suite of technologies available for source remediation and their ability to reach a variety of cleanup goals, from meeting regulatory standards for groundwater to reducing costs. The report proposes elements of a protocol for accomplishing source remediation that should enable project managers to decide whether and how to pursue source remediation at their sites.
