Download or read book ALGORITHMS FOR SOLVING LINEAR CONGRUENCES AND SYSTEMS OF LINEAR CONGRUENCES written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this article we determine several theorems and methods for solving linear congruences and systems of linear congruences and we find the number of distinct solutions. Many examples of solving congruences are given.
Download or read book Collected Papers Volume I written by Florentin Smarandache and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Articles, notes, generalizations, paradoxes, miscellaneous in mathematics, linguistics, and education.
Download or read book Elementary Number Theory Primes Congruences and Secrets written by William Stein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-28 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book about prime numbers, congruences, secret messages, and elliptic curves that you can read cover to cover. It grew out of undergr- uate courses that the author taught at Harvard, UC San Diego, and the University of Washington. The systematic study of number theory was initiated around 300B. C. when Euclid proved that there are in?nitely many prime numbers, and also cleverly deduced the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, which asserts that every positive integer factors uniquely as a product of primes. Over a thousand years later (around 972A. D. ) Arab mathematicians formulated the congruent number problem that asks for a way to decide whether or not a given positive integer n is the area of a right triangle, all three of whose sides are rational numbers. Then another thousand years later (in 1976), Di?e and Hellman introduced the ?rst ever public-key cryptosystem, which enabled two people to communicate secretely over a public communications channel with no predetermined secret; this invention and the ones that followed it revolutionized the world of digital communication. In the 1980s and 1990s, elliptic curves revolutionized number theory, providing striking new insights into the congruent number problem, primality testing, publ- key cryptography, attacks on public-key systems, and playing a central role in Andrew Wiles’ resolution of Fermat’s Last Theorem.
Download or read book Advanced Topics in Computational Number Theory written by Henri Cohen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-29 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by an authority with great practical and teaching experience in the field, this book addresses a number of topics in computational number theory. Chapters one through five form a homogenous subject matter suitable for a six-month or year-long course in computational number theory. The subsequent chapters deal with more miscellaneous subjects.
Download or read book Large Scale Linear and Integer Optimization A Unified Approach written by Richard Kipp Martin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a textbook about linear and integer linear optimization. There is a growing need in industries such as airline, trucking, and financial engineering to solve very large linear and integer linear optimization problems. Building these models requires uniquely trained individuals. Not only must they have a thorough understanding of the theory behind mathematical programming, they must have substantial knowledge of how to solve very large models in today's computing environment. The major goal of the book is to develop the theory of linear and integer linear optimization in a unified manner and then demonstrate how to use this theory in a modern computing environment to solve very large real world problems. After presenting introductory material in Part I, Part II of this book is de voted to the theory of linear and integer linear optimization. This theory is developed using two simple, but unifying ideas: projection and inverse projec tion. Through projection we take a system of linear inequalities and replace some of the variables with additional linear inequalities. Inverse projection, the dual of this process, involves replacing linear inequalities with additional variables. Fundamental results such as weak and strong duality, theorems of the alternative, complementary slackness, sensitivity analysis, finite basis the orems, etc. are all explained using projection or inverse projection. Indeed, a unique feature of this book is that these fundamental results are developed and explained before the simplex and interior point algorithms are presented.
Download or read book The Math Encyclopedia of Smarandache type Notions written by Marius Coman and published by Infinite Study. This book was released on with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About the works of Florentin Smarandache have been written a lot of books (he himself wrote dozens of books and articles regarding math, physics, literature, philosophy). Being a globally recognized personality in both mathematics (there are countless functions and concepts that bear his name) and literature, it is natural that the volume of writings about his research is huge. What we try to do with this encyclopedia is to gather together as much as we can both from Smarandache’s mathematical work and the works of many mathematicians around the world inspired by the Smarandache notions. We structured this book using numbered Definitions, Theorems, Conjectures, Notes and Comments, in order to facilitate an easier reading but also to facilitate references to a specific paragraph. We divided the Bibliography in two parts, Writings by Florentin Smarandache (indexed by the name of books and articles) and Writings on Smarandache notions (indexed by the name of authors). We treated, in this book, about 130 Smarandache type sequences, about 50 Smarandache type functions and many solved or open problems of number theory. We also have, at the end of this book, a proposal for a new Smarandache type notion, id est the concept of “a set of Smarandache-Coman divisors of order k of a composite positive integer n with m prime factors”, notion that seems to have promising applications, at a first glance at least in the study of absolute and relative Fermat pseudoprimes, Carmichael numbers and Poulet numbers. This encyclopedia is both for researchers that will have on hand a tool that will help them “navigate” in the universe of Smarandache type notions and for young math enthusiasts: many of them will be attached by this wonderful branch of mathematics, number theory, reading the works of Florentin Smarandache.
Download or read book Number Theory written by Tristin Cleveland and published by Scientific e-Resources. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of the fact that arithmetic majors are generally familiar with number hypothesis when they have finished a course in conceptual polynomial math, different students, particularly those in training and the human sciences, regularly require a more essential prologue to the theme. In this book the writer takes care of the issue of keeping up the enthusiasm of understudies at the two levels by offering a combinatorial way to deal with basic number hypothesis. In concentrate number hypothesis from such a point of view, arithmetic majors are saved reiteration and furnished with new bits of knowledge, while different understudies advantage from the subsequent effortlessness of the verifications for some hypotheses. Of specific significance in this content is the creator's accentuation on the estimation of numerical cases in number hypothesis and the part of PCs in getting such illustrations. The point of this book is to acquaint the reader with essential subjects in number hypothesis: hypothesis of distinctness, arithmetrical capacities, prime numbers, geometry of numbers, added substance number hypothesis, probabilistic number hypothesis, hypothesis of Diophantine approximations and logarithmic number hypothesis.
Download or read book Discrete Maths and Its Applications Global Edition 7e written by Kenneth Rosen and published by McGraw Hill. This book was released on 2012-09-16 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are pleased to present this Global Edition which has been developed specifically to meet the needs of international students of discrete mathematics. In addition to great depth in key areas and a broad range of real-world applications across multiple disciplines, we have added new material to make the content more relevant and improve learning outcomes for the international student.This Global Edition includes: An entire new chapter on Algebraic Structures and Coding Theory New and expanded sections within chapters covering Foundations, Basic Structures, and Advanced Counting Techniques Special online only chapters on Boolean Algebra and Modeling Computation New and revised problems for the international student integrating alternative methods and solutions.This Global Edition has been adapted to meet the needs of courses outside of the United States and does not align with the instructor and student resources available with the US edition.
Download or read book Introduction to Modern Algebra and Its Applications written by Nadiya Gubareni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides an introduction to modern abstract algebra and its applications. It covers all major topics of classical theory of numbers, groups, rings, fields and finite dimensional algebras. The book also provides interesting and important modern applications in such subjects as Cryptography, Coding Theory, Computer Science and Physics. In particular, it considers algorithm RSA, secret sharing algorithms, Diffie-Hellman Scheme and ElGamal cryptosystem based on discrete logarithm problem. It also presents Buchberger’s algorithm which is one of the important algorithms for constructing Gröbner basis. Key Features: Covers all major topics of classical theory of modern abstract algebra such as groups, rings and fields and their applications. In addition it provides the introduction to the number theory, theory of finite fields, finite dimensional algebras and their applications. Provides interesting and important modern applications in such subjects as Cryptography, Coding Theory, Computer Science and Physics. Presents numerous examples illustrating the theory and applications. It is also filled with a number of exercises of various difficulty. Describes in detail the construction of the Cayley-Dickson construction for finite dimensional algebras, in particular, algebras of quaternions and octonions and gives their applications in the number theory and computer graphics.
Download or read book Taming the Unknown written by Victor J. Katz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-07 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is algebra? For some, it is an abstract language of x's and y’s. For mathematics majors and professional mathematicians, it is a world of axiomatically defined constructs like groups, rings, and fields. Taming the Unknown considers how these two seemingly different types of algebra evolved and how they relate. Victor Katz and Karen Parshall explore the history of algebra, from its roots in the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, China, and India, through its development in the medieval Islamic world and medieval and early modern Europe, to its modern form in the early twentieth century. Defining algebra originally as a collection of techniques for determining unknowns, the authors trace the development of these techniques from geometric beginnings in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia and classical Greece. They show how similar problems were tackled in Alexandrian Greece, in China, and in India, then look at how medieval Islamic scholars shifted to an algorithmic stage, which was further developed by medieval and early modern European mathematicians. With the introduction of a flexible and operative symbolism in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, algebra entered into a dynamic period characterized by the analytic geometry that could evaluate curves represented by equations in two variables, thereby solving problems in the physics of motion. This new symbolism freed mathematicians to study equations of degrees higher than two and three, ultimately leading to the present abstract era. Taming the Unknown follows algebra’s remarkable growth through different epochs around the globe.
Download or read book Beginning Number Theory written by Neville Robbins and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2006 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly Revised And Updated, The New Second Edition Of Neville Robbins' Beginning Number Theory Includes All Of The Major Topics Covered In A Classic Number Theory Course And Blends In Numerous Applications And Specialized Treatments Of Number Theory, Including Cryptology, Fibonacci Numbers, And Computational Number Theory. The Text Strikes A Balance Between Traditional And Algorithmic Approaches To Elementary Number Theory And Is Supported With Numerous Exercises, Applications, And Case Studies Throughout. Computer Exercises For CAS Systems Are Also Included.
Download or read book Introduction to Cryptography with Mathematical Foundations and Computer Implementations written by Alexander Stanoyevitch and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-08-09 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the exciting history of its development in ancient times to the present day, Introduction to Cryptography with Mathematical Foundations and Computer Implementations provides a focused tour of the central concepts of cryptography. Rather than present an encyclopedic treatment of topics in cryptography, it delineates cryptographic concepts in chronological order, developing the mathematics as needed. Written in an engaging yet rigorous style, each chapter introduces important concepts with clear definitions and theorems. Numerous examples explain key points while figures and tables help illustrate more difficult or subtle concepts. Each chapter is punctuated with "Exercises for the Reader;" complete solutions for these are included in an appendix. Carefully crafted exercise sets are also provided at the end of each chapter, and detailed solutions to most odd-numbered exercises can be found in a designated appendix. The computer implementation section at the end of every chapter guides students through the process of writing their own programs. A supporting website provides an extensive set of sample programs as well as downloadable platform-independent applet pages for some core programs and algorithms. As the reliance on cryptography by business, government, and industry continues and new technologies for transferring data become available, cryptography plays a permanent, important role in day-to-day operations. This self-contained sophomore-level text traces the evolution of the field, from its origins through present-day cryptosystems, including public key cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography.
Download or read book Elementary Number Theory written by Gove Effinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elementary Number Theory, Gove Effinger, Gary L. Mullen This text is intended to be used as an undergraduate introduction to the theory of numbers. The authors have been immersed in this area of mathematics for many years and hope that this text will inspire students (and instructors) to study, understand, and come to love this truly beautiful subject. Each chapter, after an introduction, develops a new topic clearly broken out in sections which include theoretical material together with numerous examples, each worked out in considerable detail. At the end of each chapter, after a summary of the topic, there are a number of solved problems, also worked out in detail, followed by a set of supplementary problems. These latter problems give students a chance to test their own understanding of the material; solutions to some but not all of them complete the chapter. The first eight chapters discuss some standard material in elementary number theory. The remaining chapters discuss topics which might be considered a bit more advanced. The text closes with a chapter on Open Problems in Number Theory. Students (and of course instructors) are strongly encouraged to study this chapter carefully and fully realize that not all mathematical issues and problems have been resolved! There is still much to be learned and many questions to be answered in mathematics in general and in number theory in particular.
Download or read book Cryptography in C and C written by Michael Welschenbach and published by Apress. This book was released on 2017-01-11 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers everything you need to know to write professional-level cryptographic code. This expanded, improved second edition includes about 100 pages of additional material as well as numerous improvements to the original text. The chapter about random number generation has been completely rewritten, and the latest cryptographic techniques are covered in detail. Furthermore, this book covers the recent improvements in primality testing.
Download or read book Modern Algebra with Applications written by William J. Gilbert and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-01-30 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for the first edition "This book is clearly written and presents a large number ofexamples illustrating the theory . . . there is no other book ofcomparable content available. Because of its detailed coverage ofapplications generally neglected in the literature, it is adesirable if not essential addition to undergraduate mathematicsand computer science libraries." –CHOICE As a cornerstone of mathematical science, the importance ofmodern algebra and discrete structures to many areas of science andtechnology is apparent and growing–with extensive use incomputing science, physics, chemistry, and data communications aswell as in areas of mathematics such as combinatorics. Blending the theoretical with the practical in the instructionof modern algebra, Modern Algebra with Applications, Second Editionprovides interesting and important applications of thissubject–effectively holding your interest and creating a moreseamless method of instruction. Incorporating the applications of modern algebra throughout itsauthoritative treatment of the subject, this book covers the fullcomplement of group, ring, and field theory typically contained ina standard modern algebra course. Numerous examples are included ineach chapter, and answers to odd-numbered exercises are appended inthe back of the text. Chapter topics include: Boolean Algebras Polynomial and Euclidean Rings Groups Quotient Rings Quotient Groups Field Extensions Symmetry Groups in Three Dimensions Latin Squares Pólya—Burnside Method of Enumeration Geometrical Constructions Monoids and Machines Error-Correcting Codes Rings and Fields In addition to improvements in exposition, this fully updatedSecond Edition also contains new material on order of an elementand cyclic groups, more details about the lattice of divisors of aninteger, and new historical notes. Filled with in-depth insights and over 600 exercises of varyingdifficulty, Modern Algebra with Applications, Second Edition canhelp anyone appreciate and understand this subject.
Download or read book Number Theory written by Benjamin Fine and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition, this textbook provides an introduction and overview of number theory based on the density and properties of the prime numbers. This unique approach offers both a firm background in the standard material of number theory, as well as an overview of the entire discipline. All of the essential topics are covered, such as the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, theory of congruences, quadratic reciprocity, arithmetic functions, and the distribution of primes. New in this edition are coverage of p-adic numbers, Hensel's lemma, multiple zeta-values, and elliptic curve methods in primality testing. Key topics and features include: A solid introduction to analytic number theory, including full proofs of Dirichlet's Theorem and the Prime Number Theorem Concise treatment of algebraic number theory, including a complete presentation of primes, prime factorizations in algebraic number fields, and unique factorization of ideals Discussion of the AKS algorithm, which shows that primality testing is one of polynomial time, a topic not usually included in such texts Many interesting ancillary topics, such as primality testing and cryptography, Fermat and Mersenne numbers, and Carmichael numbers The user-friendly style, historical context, and wide range of exercises that range from simple to quite difficult (with solutions and hints provided for select exercises) make Number Theory: An Introduction via the Density of Primes ideal for both self-study and classroom use. Intended for upper level undergraduates and beginning graduates, the only prerequisites are a basic knowledge of calculus, multivariable calculus, and some linear algebra. All necessary concepts from abstract algebra and complex analysis are introduced where needed.
Download or read book Digital Signal Processing Algorithms written by Hari Krishna and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital Signal Processing Algorithms describes computational number theory and its applications to deriving fast algorithms for digital signal processing. It demonstrates the importance of computational number theory in the design of digital signal processing algorithms and clearly describes the nature and structure of the algorithms themselves. The book has two primary focuses: first, it establishes the properties of discrete-time sequence indices and their corresponding fast algorithms; and second, it investigates the properties of the discrete-time sequences and the corresponding fast algorithms for processing these sequences. Digital Signal Processing Algorithms examines three of the most common computational tasks that occur in digital signal processing; namely, cyclic convolution, acyclic convolution, and discrete Fourier transformation. The application of number theory to deriving fast and efficient algorithms for these three and related computationally intensive tasks is clearly discussed and illustrated with examples. Its comprehensive coverage of digital signal processing, computer arithmetic, and coding theory makes Digital Signal Processing Algorithms an excellent reference for practicing engineers. The authors' intent to demystify the abstract nature of number theory and the related algebra is evident throughout the text, providing clear and precise coverage of the quickly evolving field of digital signal processing.
