Download or read book Algorithms for Neural Prosthetic Applications written by Subash Padmanaban and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last 15 years, there has been a significant increase in the number of motor neural prostheses used for restoring limb function lost due to neurological disorders or accidents. The aim of this technology is to enable patients to control a motor prosthesis using their residual neural pathways (central or peripheral). Recent studies in non-human primates and humans have shown the possibility of controlling a prosthesis for accomplishing varied tasks such as self-feeding, typing, reaching, grasping, and performing fine dexterous movements. A neural decoding system comprises mainly of three components: (i) sensors to record neural signals, (ii) an algorithm to map neural recordings to upper limb kinematics and (iii) a prosthetic arm actuated by control signals generated by the algorithm. Machine learning algorithms that map input neural activity to the output kinematics (like finger trajectory) form the core of the neural decoding system. The choice of the algorithm is thus, mainly imposed by the neural signal of interest and the output parameter being decoded. The various parts of a neural decoding system are neural data, feature extraction, feature selection, and machine learning algorithm. There have been significant advances in the field of neural prosthetic applications. But there are challenges for translating a neural prosthesis from a laboratory setting to a clinical environment. To achieve a fully functional prosthetic device with maximum user compliance and acceptance, these factors need to be addressed and taken into consideration. Three challenges in developing robust neural decoding systems were addressed by exploring neural variability in the peripheral nervous system for dexterous finger movements, feature selection methods based on clinically relevant metrics and a novel method for decoding dexterous finger movements based on ensemble methods.
Download or read book Neural Computation Neural Devices and Neural Prosthesis written by Zhi Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-15 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decades, interdisciplinary investigations overlapping biology, medicine, information science, and engineering have formed a very exciting and active field that attracts scientists, medical doctors, and engineers with knowledge in different domains. A few examples of such investigations include neural prosthetic implants that aim to improve the quality of life for patients suffering from neurologic disease and injury; brain machine interfaces that sense, analyze, and translate electrical signals from the brain to build closed-loop, biofeedback systems; and fundamental studies of intelligence, cognitive functions, and psychological behaviors correlated to their neurological basis. Although this interdisciplinary area is still in its infancy, it can potentially create some of the most significant impact: treating diseases that are considered untreatable, interpretation and communication of neuron ensembles, or even a revolutionary perception and understanding of life different from philosophical or immaterial approaches. Fortunately, several academic societies recognize the value and impact of this growing field, firmly supporting related research. Such support will drive a booming future in the next twenty or thirty years. Research in this area is frequently project-driven, and the generated knowledge has been scattered in different fields of neuroscience, computation, material and technology, circuits and system, clinical reports, and psychology—the scope considerably across the boundary of traditionally defined disciplines. Neural Computation, Neural Devices, and Neural Prosthesis is intended to assemble such knowledge, from there suggesting a systematic approach guiding future educational and research activities. The targeted audience includes both students and researchers.
Download or read book Algorithms for Understanding Motor Cortical Processing and Neural Prosthetic Systems written by John Patrick Cunningham and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Towards Practical Neural Prosthetic Interfaces written by Aashish N. Patel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The connection between our brain and our muscles via the peripheral nerves enables us to communicate and act upon the world. Individuals suffering from disease and injury that affect these connections have limited treatment options and often rely upon prostheses. A fundamental challenge for such prostheses is the development of a control system that is capable of interpreting desired intentions accurately. Existing control schemes utilize activation by other functional systems using clever mechanical linkages or electromyography signal based control. Increasingly, neural interfaces are being considered for these applications due to their potential ability to restore behavioral function without co-opting existing motor functions. Implanted electrode based neural interfaces, such as electrocorticography (ECoG) hold promise for providing high signal to noise ratio measurements that are stable over long time periods while electroencephalography (EEG) provides convenient, non-invasive scalp surface measurements. Although these techniques provide powerful approaches to measuring neural signals, their application currently yields limited performance in neural interfacing applications. Addressing the complexity of interpreting neural signals, we explore different neural decoding algorithms and evaluate their performance and limitations. Taking advantage of the time-varying properties of neural oscillations, we propose algorithms for sequence learning and sequence transfer learning. We also explore the different user interaction scenarios and the associated performance limitations. Furthermore, in advancing the adoption and understanding of non-invasive neural interfaces, we outline a portable system capable of measuring complex montages of multi-modal bio-sensing data. The perspective gained from these analyses provide better insights to practical neural interface design.
Download or read book Orthotics and Prosthetics in Rehabilitation written by Michelle M. Lusardi and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2007 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether you are a student or a clinician, if you work with patients with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments, you will find this text supplies a strong foundation in and appreciation for the field of orthotics and prosthetics that will give you the critical skills you need when working with this unique client population.
Download or read book Applications of Neural Networks in Classifying Trained and Novel Gestures Using Surface Electromyography written by Erik Lloyd and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current prosthetic control systems explored in the literature that use pattern recognition can perform a limited number of pre-assigned functions, as they must be trained using muscle signals for every movement the user wants to perform. The goal of this study was to explore the development of a prosthetic control system that can classify both trained and novel gestures, for applications in commercial prosthetic arms. The first objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of three different algorithms in classifying raw sEMG data for both trained isometric gestures, and for novel isometric gestures that were not included in the training data set. The algorithms used were; a feedforward multi-layer perceptron (FFMLP), a stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE), and a convolution neural network (CNN). The second objective is to evaluate the algorithms' abilities to classify novel isometric gestures that were not included in the training data set, and to determine the effect of different gesture combinations on the classification accuracy. The third objective was to predict the binary (flexed/extended) digit positions without training the network using kinematic data from the participants hand. A g-tec USB Biosignal Amplifier was used to collect data from eight differential sEMG channels from 10 able-bodied participants. These participants performed 14 gestures including rest, that involved a variety of discrete finger flexion/extension tasks. Forty seconds of data were collected for each gesture at 1200 Hz from eight bipolar sEMG channels. These 14 gestures were then organized into 20 unique gesture combinations, where each combination consisted of a different sub-set of gestures used for training, and another sub-set used as the novel gestures, which were only used to test the algorithms' predictive capabilities. Participants were asked to perform the gestures in such a way where each digit was either fully flexed or fully extended to the best of their abilities. In this way the digit positions for each gesture could be labelled with a value of zero or one depending on its binary positions. Therefore, the algorithms used could be provided with both input data (sEMG) and output labels without needing to record joint kinematics. The post processing analysis of the outputs for each algorithm was conducted using two different methods, these being all-or-nothing gesture classification (ANGC) and weighted digit gesture classification (WDGC). All 20 combinations were tested using the FFMLP, SSAE, and CNN using Matlab. For both analysis methods, the CNN outperformed the FFMLP and SSAE. Statistical analysis was not provided for the performance of novel gestures using ANGC method, as the data was highly skewed, and did not fall on a normal distribution due to the large number of zero valued classification results for most of the novel gestures. The FFMLP and SSAE showed no significant difference from one another for the trained ANGC method, but the FFMLP showed statistically higher performance than the SSAE for trained and novel WDGC results. The results indicate that the CNN was able to classify most digits with reasonable accuracy, and the performance varied between participants. The results also indicate that for some participants, this may be suitable for prosthetic control applications. The FFMLP and SSAE were largely unable to classify novel digit positions and obtained significantly lower performance accuracies for novel gestures for both analysis methods when compared to the CNN. Therefore, the FFMLP and SSAE algorithms do not seem to be suitable for prosthetic control applications using the proposed raw data input, and the output architecture.
Download or read book Powered Prostheses written by Houman Dallali and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-04-17 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Powered Prostheses: Design, Control, and Clinical Applications presents the state-of-the-art in design, control and application of assistive technologies used in rehabilitation, including powered prostheses used in lower and upper extremity amputees and orthosis used in the rehabilitation of various joint disorders. The progress made in this field over the last decade is so vast that any new researcher in this field will have to spend years digesting the main achievements and challenges that remain. This book provides a comprehensive vision of advances, along with the challenges that remain on the path to the development of true bionic technology. Describes the latest assistive technologies that can help individuals deal with joint pain or limb loss Presents a tangible and intuitive description of scientific achievements made Highlights the existing technologies and devices that are available and used by amputees or patients with mobility limitations Suggests solutions and new results that can further enhance assistive technologies
Download or read book Decoding Local Field Potential Oculomotor Signals During Reach Planning for Neural Prosthetic Systems written by Brendan Thorn and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using signals recorded from the brain to control an artificial device, neural prosthetic systems are a promising option for restoring independent motor control to people with permanent injuries, such as paralysis. Since humans generally look towards their target before reaching or moving, motor prosthetic applications could be improved with reliable decoding of eye position. For this thesis, we studied oculomotor signals encoded in the cortical local field potential (LFP) during reach planning. LFPs recorded from the medial intra-parietal (MIP) and dorsal pre-motor (PMd) areas of the brain - known to encode reach intentions in coordinates related to eye position - were transformed to the time-frequency domain using multi-taper analysis. We investigated whether LFP spectral power can be decoded for two novel purposes: i) to determine saccade or pursuit eye movement direction during a concurrent reach planning period; and ii) in the same reach planning scenario, to detect saccade or pursuit eye movements within a 100 ms post-onset period. First, using a naïve Bayes classifier, we showed that eye movement direction is encoded in LFP spectral power independently of reach direction; however, decode accuracy may be degraded by concurrent reach planning. Second, we proposed a causal, general support vector machine-based algorithm for detecting eye movement onset in real-time. We then implemented single-trial simulations to demonstrate its qualitatively desirable behavior. We showed false detections were clustered near the post-onset period and true positive detections were made at a significantly above-chance rate for saccades and pursuits. Our results suggest that MIP and PMd LFPs could potentially be used to decode oculomotor signals and thereby improve reach-related neural prosthetic devices." --
Download or read book Neuroprosthetics written by Kenneth W. Horch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of neuroprosthetics. It is broadly divided into three sections which address: neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, biomaterials and biocompatibility, stimulation and recording techniques; clinical applications of neuroprosthetics; and future developments.
Download or read book Biohybrid Systems written by Ranu Jung and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discipline of neurodesign is a highly interdisciplinary one, while at the same time in the process of maturing towards real-life applications. The breakthrough about to be achieved is to close the loop in communication between neural systems and electronic and mechatronic systems and actually let the nervous system adapt to the feedback from the man-made systems. To master this loop, scientists need a sound understanding of neurology, from the cellular to the systems scale, of man-made systems and how to connect the two. These scientists comprise medical scientists, neurologists and physiologists, engineers, as well as biophysicists. And they need the topics in a coherently written work with chapters building upon another.
Download or read book Neural Prostheses written by William F. Agnew and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Towards Clinically Viable Neural Prosthetic Systems written by Vikash Gilja and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By restoring the ability to move and communicate with the world, brain machine interfaces (BMIs) offer the potential to improve quality of life for people suffering from spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). BMIs attempt to translate measured neural signals into the user's intentions and, subsequently, control a computer or actuator. Recently, compelling examples of intra-cortical BMIs have been demonstrated in tetraplegic patients. Although these studies provide a powerful proof-of-concept, clinical viability is impeded by limited performance and robustness over short (hours) and long (days) timescales. We address performance and robustness over short time periods by approaching BMIs as a systems level design problem. We identify key components of the system and design a novel BMI from a feedback control perspective. In this perspective, the brain is the controller of a new plant, defined by the BMI, and the actions of this BMI are witnessed by the user. This simple perspective leads to design advances that result in significant qualitative and quantitative performance improvements. Through online closed loop experiments, we show that this BMI is capable of producing continuous endpoint movements that approach native limb performance and can operate continuously for hours. We also demonstrate how this system can be operated across days by a bootstrap procedure with the potential to eliminate an explicit recalibration step. To examine the use of BMIs over longer timescales, we develop new electrophysiology tools that allow for continuous multi-day neural recording. Through application of this technology, we measure the signal acquisition stability (and instability) of the electrode array technology used in current BMI clinical trials. We also demonstrate how these systems can be used to study BMI decoding over longer time periods. In this demonstration, we present a simple methodology for switching BMI systems on and off at appropriate times. The algorithms and methods demonstrated can be run with existing low power application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), with a defined path towards the development of a fully implantable neural interface system. We believe that these advances are a step towards clinical viability and, with careful user interface design, neural prosthetic systems can be translated into real world solutions.
Download or read book Neural Prosthetics written by Walter Glannon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-31 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural prosthetics are systems or devices implanted in or connected to the brain that influence the input and output of information. They modulate, bypass, supplement, or replace regions of the brain and its connections to parts of the body that are damaged, dysfunctional, or lost, whether from congenital conditions, brain injury, limb loss, or neurodegenerative disease. Neural prosthetics can restore sensory, motor, and cognitive functions in people with these conditions and enable them to regain functional independence and improve their quality of life. This book explores the neuroscientific and philosophical implications of neural prosthetics. Neuroscientific discussion focuses on how neural prosthetics can restore brain and bodily functions to varying degrees, looking at auditory and visual prosthetics, deep brain and responsive neurostimulation, brain-computer interfaces, brain-to-brain interfaces, and memory prosthetics. Philosophical discussion then considers the degree to which people with these prosthetics can benefit from or be harmed by them. Finally, it explores how these devices and systems can lead to a better understanding of the brain-mind relation, mental causation, and agency. This is an essential volume for anyone invested in the current and future directions of neural prosthetics, including neuroscientists, neurologists, neurosurgeons, neural engineers, psychologists, and psychiatrists, as well as philosophers, bioethicists, and legal theorists.
Download or read book Neural Prostheses written by Robert J. Maciunas and published by Thieme. This book was released on 2002-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neural prostheses have been used for centuries as structural replacements, in particular for injuries to the cranium. And today, neural prostheses are designed to restore a broad range of nervous system functions previously lost due to trauma or disease. While their complexity may vary from nerve conduits to prosthetic brain implants, neural devices have improved the lives of patients and broadened the scope of disabilities that can be treated. Neural Prostheses is the first comprehensive book to look at the history and recent, state-of-the-art developments of neural prostheses. Dr. Maciunas has gathered the country's leading experts in structural and functional protheses development to provide a look at the history, current use and the future of prostheses in the areas of: Spinal instrumentation as implanted neural prostheses Cranial reconstruction Angioplasty and stenting The use of indwelling of radioisotopes Chemodes Slow-release polymers for chemotherapy Cell transplantation for movement disorders Gene therapy for the treatment of CNS disease Microelectrode prostheses Cochlear implants -The use of robotics (Distributed by Thieme for the American Association of Neurological Surgeons)
Download or read book Neurobionics written by Robert K. Shepherd and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological advances have greatly increased the potential for, and practicability of, using medical neurotechnologies to revolutionize how a wide array of neurological and nervous system diseases and dysfunctions are treated. These technologies have the potential to help reduce the impact of symptoms in neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s Disease and depression as well as help regain lost function caused by spinal cord damage or nerve damage. Medical Neurobionics is a concise overview of the biological underpinnings of neurotechnologies, the development process for these technologies, and the practical application of these advances in clinical settings. Medical Neurobionics is divided into three sections. The first section focuses specifically on providing a sound foundational understanding of the biological mechanisms that support the development of neurotechnologies. The second section looks at the efforts being carried out to develop new and exciting bioengineering advances. The book then closes with chapters that discuss practical clinical application and explore the ethical questions that surround neurobionics. A timely work that provides readers with a useful introduction to the field, Medical Neurobionics will be an essential book for neuroscientists, neuroengineers, biomedical researchers, and industry personnel.
Download or read book Toward Brain computer Interfacing written by Guido Dornhege and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a timely overview of the latest BCI research, with contributions from many of the important research groups in the field.
Download or read book Methods for Neural Ensemble Recordings written by Miguel A. L. Nicolelis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensively updated and expanded, this second edition of a bestseller distills the current state-of-the-science and provides the nuts and bolts foundation of the methods involved in this rapidly growing science. With contributions from pioneering researchers, it includes microwire array design for chronic neural recordings, new surgical techniques for chronic implantation, microelectrode microstimulation of brain tissue, multielectrode recordings in the somatosensory system and during learning, as well as recordings from the central gustatory-reward pathways. It explores the use of Brain-Machine Interface to restore neurological function and proposes conceptual and technical approaches to human neural ensemble recordings in the future.
