Download or read book The Genus Alexandrium Halim Dinoflagellata written by Enrique Balech and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Harmful Algal Blooms written by Sandra E. Shumway and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference provides basic information on harmful algal blooms (HAB) and references for individuals in need of technical information when faced with unexpected or unknown harmful algal events. Chapters in this volume will provide readers with information on causes of HAB, successful management and monitoring programs, control, prevention, and mitigation strategies, economic consequences of HAB, associated risks to human health, impacts of HAB on food webs and ecosystems, and detailed information on the most common HAB species. Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference will be an invaluable resource to managers, newcomers to the field, those who do not have easy or affordable access to scientific literature, and individuals who simply do not know where to begin searching for the information needed, especially when faced with novel and unexpected HAB events. Edited by three of the world's leading harmful algal bloom researchers and with contributions from leading experts, Harmful Algal Blooms: A Compendium Desk Reference will be a key source of information for this increasingly important topic.
Download or read book Analysis of Toxic and Non toxic Alexandrium Dinophyceae Species Using Ribosomal RNA Gene Sequences written by Christopher Alan Scholin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sequences of small subunit (Ss) and large subunit (Ls) ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) from the marine dinoflagellates Alexandrium tamarense, A. catenella, A. fundyense, A. affine, A. minutum, A. lusitanicum and A. andersoni were compared to assess the organisms' relationships. Cultures represent isolates from North America, Western Europe, Thailand, Japan, Australia and the ballast water of several cargo vessels, and include both toxic and non-toxic strains. An emphasis was placed on the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense "species complex," a group of morphotypically-similar organisms found in many regions of the world. Two distinct SsrRNA genes, termed the "A gene" and the "B gene," were found in a toxic A. fundyense isolated from eastern North America. The B gene is considered to be a pseudogene. A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay developed to detect the A and B genes revealed five distinct groups of Alexandrium isolates. Three subdivide the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense complex, but do not correlate with morphospecies designations. The two remaining groups are associated with cultures that clearly differ morphologically from the A. tamarense/ catenella/fundyense group: the fourth group consists of A. affine isolates, and the fifth group is represented by A. minutum, A.lusitanicum and A. andersoni. The B gene was only found in A. tamarense/catenella/ fundyense, but not in all members of this species complex. The B gene is not uniformly distributed among global populations of Alexandrium. All A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense isolates from North America harbor this gene, but it has also been found in some A. tamarense from scattered locations in Japan, as well as in A. tamarense from the ballast water of one cargo vessel which was on a defined run from Japan to Australia. The B gene may be endemic to North American populations of A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense. It is possible that in the recent past North American A. tamarense were introduced to Japanese waters, and cysts of these organisms have been transported from Japan to Australia. A subset of isolates examined using the the RFLP assay were also compared by cloning and sequencing a fragment of their LsrDNA. Eight major classes of LsrDNA sequences, termed "ribotypes," were identified. Five ribotypes subdivide members of the A. tamarense/catenella!fundyense complex; all isolates containing the B gene cluster as one ribotype. The three remaining ribotypes are typified by: 1) A. affine; 2) A. minutum and A. lusitanicum; and, 3) A. andersoni. LsrDNAs from A. minutum and A. lusitanicum are indistinguishable. A. minutum!lusitanicum/andersoni may represent another Alexandrium species complex, analogous to the A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense group. An organisms' ability to produce toxin appears to be correlated with its LsrDNA phylogenetic lineage. Ribotypes ascribed by the LsrDNA sequences are in complete agreement with, and offer a finer-scale resolution of, groups defined by SsrDNA restriction patterns. The SsrDNA RFLP groups and LsrDNA ribotypes are useful species- and population-specific markers. Alexandrium tamarense/catenella/fundyense exist as geneticallydistinct "strains" (populations), not three genetically-distinct species: representatives collected from the same geographic region appear the most similar, regardless of morphotype, whereas those from geographicallyseparated populations are more divergent even when the same morphospecies are compared. Contrary to this general pattern, A. tamarense/catenella from Japan were found to be exceptionally heterogeneous. Ballast water samples show that viable cysts (resting spores) of toxigenic A. tamarense/catenella are being discharged into Australian ports from multiple, genetically-distinct source populations. The rDNA sequences were also used to test theories accounting for the evolution and global dispersal of A. tamarense/catenella/fundyense. Results suggest a monophyletic radiation of these organisms from a common ancestor that included, or gave rise to, multiple morphotypes. Populations appear to have diverged as a result of vicariance (geographic isolation). The co-occurrence of genetically-distinct strains of these organisms is an indication of dispersal. An example of this is seen in Japan where an introduction of North American A. tamarense appears likely. Determining the timing of dispersal events is problematic if based strictly on rDNA sequence similarities, since these molecules undergo change on a scale of millions of years
Download or read book Harmful Algal Blooms HABs in Latin America written by Marius Nils Müller and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Red Tides written by Tomotoshi Okaichi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-06-04 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines large-scale outbreaks of red tide along coastal areas, which is associated with fish and shellfish mass mortalities through poisoning. This book discusses the red tide phenomena throughout the world, including biological research results on taxonomy of cyst and vegetative cells of red tide organisms and ecological and physiological studies using ecological modeling.
Download or read book The Ecology and Oceanography of Toxic Alexandrium Fundyense Blooms in the Gulf of Maine written by Donald Mark Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates written by Grethe R. Hasle and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-01-25 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates is the second identification manual created from the literature developed for the Advanced International Phytoplankton Course. This version, enlarged and modified from the earlier literature, deals with the identification of marine diatoms and dinoflagellates. The data and references presented here should allow the researcher to pursue the question of valid species and how they can be verified. This volume comprises three chapters, beginning with an introductory chapter discussing the subject's historical background. The next chapter focuses on marine diatoms, providing an introduction that describes their general characteristics, life cycles, morphology and terminology, and classification. It is followed by a discussion of genera represented in marine plankton, a description of taxa, and methodology. The third and final chapter focuses on dinoflagellates, beginning with an introduction that describes their general characteristics and eukaryotic unicells. The discussion continues with terminology and morphology, identification of species, techniques for preparation of dinoflagellates for identification, common dinoflagellate synonyms, and an index of dinoflagellate taxa. This book will be of interest to practitioners in the fields of biology, zoology, and environmental protection.
Download or read book Oceanography and Marine Biology written by S. J. Hawkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review remains one of the most cited sources in marine science and oceanography. The ever increasing interest in work in oceanography and marine biology and its relevance to global environmental issues, especially global climate change and its impacts, creates a demand for authoritative reviews summarizing the results of recent research. This volume covers topics that include resting cysts from coastal marine plankton, facilitation cascades in marine ecosystems, and the way that human activities are rapidly altering the sensory landscape and behaviour of marine animals. For more than 50 years, OMBAR has been an essential reference for research workers and students in all fields of marine science. From Volume 57 a new international Editorial Board ensures global relevance, with editors from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia and Singapore. The series volumes find a place in the libraries of not only marine laboratories and institutes, but also universities. Previous volume Impact Factors include: Volume 53, 4.545. Volume 54, 7.000. Volume 55, 5.071. Guidelines for contributors, including information on illustration requirements, can be downloaded on the Downloads/Updates tab on the volume's CRC Press webpage. Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this book are freely available as downloadable Open Access PDFs at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
Download or read book An Investigation Into the Prevalence of Alexandrium Derived Toxins in Marine Food Webs written by Rozalind Jewel Jester and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium written by Emily L. Lilly and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: (Cont.) based on morphology and phylogeny while A. insuetum and A. tamutum were clearly distinct. Three new minutum group species were identified on the basis of morphology, phylogeny and prior research. Unlike the pattern found for the tamarensis complex, toxic and non-toxic A. minutum strains cannot be segregated based upon LSU sequences. The reconstructed biogeography of the tamarensis and minutum complexes indicate that both natural dispersal and human-assisted transportation of Alexandrium have caused the geographic spread. Human-assisted transport of toxic A. catenella-type cells from Asia to the Thau Lagoon, France, was demonstrated in chapter IV. This thesis demonstrates the importance of human action in the recent PSP increase, better defines species boundaries and provides an invaluable genetic database for tracking future Alexandrium spread and distinguishing between harmful and non-toxic Alexandrium blooms.
Download or read book Phycotoxins written by Luis M. Botana and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phycotoxins are a diverse group of poisonous substances produced by certain seaweed and algae in marine and fresh waters and are important to the scientific community for many reasons, the most obvious being that they pose food safety issues which requires a large investment to regularly monitor the presence of these compounds in foods.Phycotoxins: Chemistry and Biochemistry, second edition presents the most updated information available on phycotoxins. Major emphases are given to chemistry and biochemistry, while origins, mechanism of action, toxicology, and analytical methodology are also covered.Since the publication of the first edition, there have been major advances in the science of marine and aquatic toxins, as well as advances in toxicology, analytical chemistry and pharmacology. This fully revised and updated edition includes several new chapters, including those on ciguatoxins, pinnatoxin, ichthyotoxins, as well as new chapters on food safety control of marine toxins, climate change and water toxins, and microalgae as a source of nutraceuticals. The book will be of interest to toxicologists, marine, food, and plant scientists, as well as researchers and academics in the areas of food science, medicine, public health, toxicology, pharmacology and marine biology.
Download or read book Cell Cycle Dynamics and the Physiology of Saxitoxin Biosynthesis in Alexandrium Fundyense Dinophyceae written by Gaspar Taroncher Oldenburg and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 738 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dinoflagellates in the genus Alexandrium synthesize Saxitoxin (STX) and several of its derivatives. The aim of this thesis was to analyze novel aspects of toxigenesis and the cell cycle in Alexandrium and to apply molecular techniques to gain new insights on the regulation of STX biosynthesis. Synchronized cultures of A. fundyense were studied to determine the dynamics of toxin production throughout the cell cycle. STX biosynthesis was shown to be discontinuous and constrained to approximately 10 hours at the beginning of G1. Two cell cycle transition points were identified: a light-dependent one and a size-dependent one. Semi-continuous cultures of A. fundyense were used to determine the effects of temperature and phosphate limitation on the coupling of STX biosynthesis to O%. Inferred toxin production rates were constant and correlated to G1 over a range of growth rates. The effects of phosphate on STX biosynthesis were analyzed and a scheme of interconversions among STX derivatives is proposed. Differential Display (DD) analysis was applied to the identification of up- or downregulated genes during toxigenesis in A. fundyense. The expression patterns of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, methionine aminopeptidase and a histone-like protein were related to periods of STX biosynthesis.
Download or read book Climate Change and Marine and Freshwater Toxins written by Luis M. Botana and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasingly widespread production of toxins by marine and freshwater microalgae raises serious concerns regarding seafood and drinking water safety. This book compiles studies on the influence of climate change on the spreading of toxin-producing species in aquatic systems. The chemistry and biology of toxin production is revised and an outlook on control and prevention of the toxins' impact on human and animal health is given.
Download or read book Physiological and Behavioral Diagnostics of Nitrogen Limitation for the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium Fundyense written by Nicole Jane Poulton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One challenge in phytoplankton ecology is to measure species-specific physiological responses to changes in environmental conditions. Of importance are species such as the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense which inhabit coastal regions and are not usually dominant. The aim of this thesis was to identify physiological and behavioral diagnostics of A. fundyense from the Gulf of Maine, and use these indicators to evaluate field populations. Using a surface-specific monoclonal-antibody two methods, flow cytometry and immunomagnetic bead-separation, were developed to identify and separate A. fundyense. Flow-cytometric techniques successfully detected and separated Alexandrium from co-occurring organisms. Using immunomagnetic-separation live A. fundyense cell were separated from spiked field samples and then used to obtain accurate chlorophyll, protein and biomass estimates. Laboratory water columns, nitrogen-(N)-starved batch cultures, and N-limited, semi-continuous cultures, were used to identify indicators of different N-nutritional states. Prolonged N-stress caused dramatic changes intracellular biochemistry, specifically toxin content and composition, however behavioral modifications were not observed. The indicators, specifically toxin ratios of different derivatives, were then used to examine toxin variability in field populations. Toxin compositional changes did occur that were generally consistent with N-stress as the bloom progressed. Overall, these results suggest that these approaches could provide valuable species-specific physiological information.
Download or read book MRI Marine Research in Indonesia written by and published by Yayasan Obor Indonesia. This book was released on with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates written by F. Marret and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of current research on fossil and modern dinoflagellates, as well as highlighting research areas for future collaboration, following the DINO9 International Conference in Liverpool. The volume is organized into four themes, with a review paper for each theme written by the key-note speaker. Each theme also includes a future research foci note following discussion during the conference. The contributions are organized into the following sections: environmental change, ecology/palaeoecology, life cycles and diversity, and stratigraphy and evolution. Also included are notes from two workshops: culture experiments and dinocysts as palaeoceanographic tracers. This volume will be of interest to both the biological and micropalaeontological communities.
