Download or read book Soldiering Under Occupation written by Erella Grassiani and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often, violent behavior or harassment from a soldier is dismissed by the military as unacceptable acts by individuals termed, “rotten apples.” In this study, the author argues that this dismissal is unsatisfactory and that there is an urgent need to look at the (mis)behavior of soldiers from a structural point of view. When soldiers serve as an occupational force, they find themselves in a particular situation influenced by structural circumstances that heavily influence their behavior and moral decision-making. This study focuses on young Israeli men and their experiences as combat soldiers in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), particularly those who served in the “Occupied Palestinian Territories” (OPT) during the “Al Aqsa Intifada,” which broke out in 2000. In describing the soldiers’ circumstances, especially focusing on space, the study shows how processes of numbing on different levels influence the (moral) behavior of these soldiers.

Download or read book Women and the Holy City written by Lihi Ben Shitrit and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jerusalem's Temple Mount/al-Haram al-Sharif is one of the holiest places in the world for Jews and Muslims and a constant feature in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This study addresses the gendered dimensions of inter-communal disputes over sacred space in Jerusalem and the role of women in these conflicts.

Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Export Administration Bulletin written by United States. Bureau of Export Administration and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Islam Jews and the Temple Mount written by Yitzhak Reiter and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-07-09 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents the first comprehensive survey of the abundant early Islamic sources that recognize the historical Jewish bond to the Temple Mount (Masjid al-Aqsa) and Jerusalem. Analyzing these sources in light of the views of contemporary Muslim religious scholars, thinkers and writers, who – in the context of the Arab-Israeli conflict – deny any Jewish ties to the Temple Mount and promote the argument that no Jewish Temple ever stood on the Temple Mount. The book describes how this process of denying Jewish ties to the site has become the cultural rationale for UNESCO decisions in recent years regarding holy sites in Jerusalem, Bethlehem and Hebron, which use Muslim Arabic terminology and overlook the Jewish (and Christian) history and sanctification of these sites. Denying the Jewish ties to the Temple Mount for political purposes inadvertently undermines the legitimacy of Islam’s sanctification of Al-Aqsa and the Dome of the Rock as well as the credibility of the most important sources in Arabic, which constitute the classics of Islam and provide the foundation for its culture and identity. Identifying and presenting the Jewish sources in the Bible, Babylonian Talmud and exegesis on which these Islamic traditions are based, this volume is a key resource for readers interested in Islam, Judaism, religion and political science and history in the Middle East.

Download or read book Between Terrorism and Civil War written by Clive Jones and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-13 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume seeks to explore whether the current violence, its origins and dynamics can best be understood as a manifestation of civil war. In so doing, it considers how the use of violence by all parties has been conditioned and/or constrained by the domestic factors pertaining to their societies, how external actors have dealt with the violence internally, and how this has impacted on their relations with Israel and the Palestinians, and what does the conduct and scope of the al-Aqsa Intifada suggest about the broader issue of state boundaries and state legitimacy in the contemporary Middle East? This volume was previously published as a special issue of the journal Civil Wars.

Download or read book Insight Turkey 2017 Summer 2017 Vol 19 No 3 written by and published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi. This book was released on with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Trump’s America” – The Latest Issue of Insight Turkey Is Published In this issue, Insight Turkey, deals with the events in world politics with the interpretation of Turkish and foreign authors. The issue discusses how U.S. President Donald Trump won the presidential election, and the changes and challenges that Trump brought to the U.S. domestic and foreign policy. Inderjeet Parmar, Lütfi Sunar and Tuncay Kardaş focus on the internal issues that the U.S. is facing under the Trump Presidency. Parmar addresses the legitimacy crisis of the American elite while Sunar emphasizes the effectiveness of Trump's election campaign by alienating Muslims living in the United States. On the other hand, Kardaş examines Trump's victory in the 2016 Presidential Election in the context of cultural, political and structural factors. Moving towards the international affairs, Mustafa Kibaroğlu and Tom Sauer justify why Trump should remove the nuclear weapons form Europe, while Andreas Krieg and Samuel S. Kim analyze the U.S.’ foreign policies towards the Middle East and China, respectively. This issue of Insight Turkey also examines some current events in the world politics. Abdallah Marouf Omar examines the resistance Palestinian Muslims have given on the restrictions imposed by the Israeli forces regarding the entrance in the al-Aqsa Mosque. Moreover, Talip Küçükcan reviews the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative project and the main opportunities and challenges that the participatory states will face in context of the Middle East. Emrah Kekilli scrutinizes the Libyan crisis and how regional and global actors have been a big influence on the instability Libya has faced in this period. By focusing on the main elements of both the Gülen structure and Kemalism, Çaylak ve Dinç, make a comparison between these two. Lastly, Hamza Preljević evaluates the results of the Serbian genocide in Bosnia and the efforts of religious communities to provide peace and security in a divided society, with a special focus on the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina We trust that our readers will find this issue informative and constructive!

Download or read book Al Aqsa Journal written by Begum Fouzia and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The al-Aqsa Mosque -Historic Incidents A Miracle indeed! Prophet Mohammed first talked about al-Aqsa Mosque as 'Miraj 'incident in his Night Journey episode; a vision of the journey revealed there in 622CE [Quran CH 17; Sura Isra]. The incident introduced revelation about the "Farthest Mosque (Al-Masjid-ul-Aqsa) to the believers, the mosque was built 55 years after the death of Muhammad. It is utterly impossible that Muhammad visited the mosque on his Night Journey. When the Arabs conquered Jerusalem in 637CE, they found the Temple Mount abandoned and filled with refuse. `Umar Ibne Khattab ordered it cleaned and he performed a prayer there. The two Islamic shrines were built afterwards; (1) The Dome of the Rock built by Caliph `Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan around 72/691 CE, and (2) The al-Aqsa mosque proper, built at the end of the 7th Century. Re-cap: The Temple of Solomon had been completely destroyed in 70 AD/CE; Prophet Mohammed's Miraj (Night Journey) occurred in 622 AD (twelfth year of Muhammad's mission); Mohammed died in 633CE. Jerusalem conquered by Arabs in 637CE, in 691 AD Caliph Abd' Malik began building two Islamic shrines (Dome of Rock and al-Aqsa mosque). Solomon's Temple didn't existed at the dawn of Islam, and it does not provide anymore any better solution to mosque problem. Additionally, at around 622 CE, Jerusalem was not in the hand of the Muslims reign, rather it was in Christian hand. There was no Mosque of any type in that place (not even a church). The Dome of the Rock and the Al Aqsa Mosque (both are on the site of Solomon's Temple which had been destroyed A.D. 70 by the Romans). Mohammed died approximately 600 years afterwards, building of the above two shrines were resumed roughly 53 years after the death of Muhammad. That's a recorded history Muslims in general feel proud of.

Download or read book Land of Faith written by Ayesha Mehboob and published by BookRix. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "Land of Faith: Voices of Resilience, Echoes of Al-Aqsa," delve into the heart of a narrative that transcends borders and speaks to the collective consciousness of the Muslim ummah. This poignant exploration unveils the struggles of the Palestinian people, anchored in the sacred soil that cradles Al-Aqsa Mosque, the universal symbol of devotion for Muslims worldwide. As the pen navigates through the pages of this compelling book, witness the awakening of conscience and the urgent call for solidarity. From the corridors of history to the contemporary struggles faced by Palestinians, the narrative unfolds as a powerful plea for unity and action. This book is not just a collection of words; it is a testament to the enduring strength of faith, a call to break the silence that shrouds the ummah. Join this literary journey, where the power to write becomes a force for change, a conduit for compassion, and a source of inspiration to safeguard the sanctity of Al-Aqsa. "Land of Faith" invites readers to reflect on their role in this collective narrative. It is an exploration of resilience, a celebration of unwavering belief, and a reminder that the echoes of Al-Aqsa resonate in the hearts of every Muslim.

Download or read book The Final Countdown Tribulation Rising Vol 1 written by Billy Crone and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, The Final Countdown: Tribulation Rising Vol.1 The Jewish People & the Antichrist gives you a multitude of prophetic signs concerning the Jewish People and their unfortunate ties with the Antichrist that will occur in the Last Days showing us just how close the Return of Jesus Christ truly is. Such amazing prophetic signs include: The Jewish People & their Eternal Covenants, Past Prophecies, Return to the Land, Rebirth as a Nation, Recapture of Jerusalem, Currency & Language, Renewal of the Land, Being a Light unto the World, Military Exploits, Conflict in the World, Amazing Resources, Rebuilt Temple, Spiritual State, and Global Anti-Semitism. Like it or not, we are headed for The Final Countdown and signs of the 7-year Tribulation are Rising all around us! It's time to wake up! Time is running out! The Final Countdown: Tribulation Rising Vol.1 The Jewish People & the Antichrist is one book you need to get today and read now! Why? Because tomorrow may be too late!

Download or read book The Palestinian Strategic Report 2008 written by Dr. Mohsen Mohammad Saleh and published by Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies & Consultation. This book was released on 2010-08-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For four consecutive years, Al-Zaytouna Centre for Studies and Consultations has been keen on producing the annual Palestinian Strategic Report. This report, that is prepared by a select of distinguished experts, is considered among the finest references in the field of Palestinian studies, because of its highly academic content that includes the most recent statistical data and is supported with charts and figures. This report is the product of a massive team-work exerted by a group of affiliated researchers and specialists; editors, and consultants. It is published both in Arabic and English. The first Report covered the year 2005. As later reports were released annually, the report was well-received and highly acclaimed, especially within academics. Today, it can be surely asserted that this report is a must reference for every researcher or academic interests in the contemporary developments of the Palestinian issue and the Arab-Israeli conflict. Moreover, its English version is among the few highly academic and objective writings in this field by an Arab research centre.

Download or read book Insight Turkey Say 01 2020 The Ordeal of The Century written by and published by SET Vakfı İktisadi İşletmesi. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Israeli-Palestinian question has been at the heart of Middle Eastern politics for the last 80 years. Although the Palestinian’s land has been one of the main subjects of international politics since the beginning of the 20th century, it was the unusual creation of the Israeli state in 1948 that led to many regional crises. Since then the Israeli state has been the instigator of many regional wars, continuous expansionism, discrimination, and violation of international law and basic human rights. Millions of Palestinians were forced to leave their country and those who preferred to stay were deprived of their rights. A special type of apartheid has been implemented by the Israeli state. All regional states and most global powers have been involved with this problem, which is not only between the aggressive Israeli nationalism and the defensive Palestinian nationalism, but also a conflict between the Israeli state and the Arab countries, a civilizational dispute between a pro-Israeli coalition and Muslim countries and a war that symbolizes the struggle between the oppressor and the oppressed. A number of international organizations have passed different resolutions offering solutions to the problem. Among them is the Islamic Cooperation Organization which was established following the many attacks against sacred places, notably the city of al-Quds and al-Aqsa Mosque, in Palestine. The international community represented by the United Nations (UN) has been calling on the Israeli state for decades to withdraw from the occupied Palestinian territories and to abide by the international rules and principles. As the UN resolutions, international law, and international public opinion expect, and Palestinians also aspire for, Israel must withdraw from the occupied territories, namely East Jerusalem, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip and recognize an independent Palestinian state as part of a two-state solution. However, global powers, especially the United States, have not allowed the UN to force the Israeli state to move out from the occupied territories and to restore peace in the region. In other words, the Palestinian people and Muslim nations have long witnessed the continuous Israeli fait accompli, the never-ending Palestinian suffering, the weakness of the Muslim Middle Eastern countries, and the indifference of the global powers. Israel continues to violate not only the rights of self-determination but also basic human rights for Palestinians. As one of the indications of this inhumane policy, the Gaza Strip has been under continuous Israeli blockade and attacks since 2006. Israel has been attacking the Gaza Strip and the West Bank intermittently, to expand its territories in order to establish new illegal Jewish settlements and squash any hope for Palestinian statehood. Israel’s large-scale attacks against the Gaza Strip in 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018, and 2019 have made conditions in Palestine unlivable. The latest attack in 2019 stopped with yet another cease-fire, however the fate of the most recent cease-fire is not different from the previous ones. Israel has never fulfilled its promises and cynically considers the cease-fire as a temporary process, allowing time to prepare for a new wave of violence. At a time when there is no will or strength in the Arab world to resist against any anti-Palestinian and anti-Arab development, the current Israeli and U.S. government is trying to legalize the years of Israeli atrocities, crimes against humanity, and violations of human rights. Most steps taken by these two governments contradict with and violate international norms and rules. First, the Israeli parliament adopted a law that is known as the “basic law” or “the nation-state act” in 2018. According to this law, the right to exercise national self-determination in the state of Israel is unique to the Jewish people and thereby it denies Palestinian people any national rights or existence. Second, U.S. President Donald Trump’s unilateral recognition of the “united Jerusalem” as the capital of Israel and the transfer of the U.S. embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem is a pivotal point in the history of the Middle East, for both regional and global actors. This decision, with significant implications for the Middle Eastern politics, is not only about the transfer of the Israeli capital from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, but also about the halt of the Middle Eastern peace process. Furthermore, it implicitly means that the U.S. supports the expulsion of Palestinians from their homeland and the prevention of the establishment of a Palestinian state. In other words, the U.S. has contradicted its traditional policy and has abandoned the long-time advocated two-state solution. Third, contrary to basic rules of international law and a number of UN resolutions, the U.S. government announced that they do not consider the illegal Israeli settlements in the occupied territories as inconsistent with international law. The U.S. also stopped funding the United Nations Palestinian Refugee Agency (UNRWA) and closed down the Washington D.C office of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), a body internationally recognized as the representative of the Palestinian people. With all these steps, the U.S. government demonstrated that it fully and unconditionally supports the Israeli state. Fourth, Trump has declared a so-called Middle East peace plan in January 28, 2020 after meeting with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and opposition leader Benny Gantz in Washington D.C. The U.S. government has ignored and violated all decisions made and resolutions passed by the UN regarding the issue, according to which the Israeli state is an occupier of the Palestinian land and violator of international rules and norms. Bearing in mind all these illegal steps, it can be said that the U.S. shares the responsibility with Israel for the violation of Palestinian rights. Achieving peace between the Israeli state and the Palestinian people appears to be unachievable, because the Israeli side does not take any Palestinian demands into consideration. All steps taken so far have been unilateral and against the interests of the Palestinians. The Deal of the Century is no exception; it is also a unilateral intervention to the question. Effectively, it is a dictation to the Palestinian-Israeli problem which ignores the realities on the ground. The timing of the Deal of the Century has to do with the current situation in the Arab world. As a matter of fact, today there is no political Arab world, since almost all heavyweight nationalist Arab states are in chaos, politically unstable or vulnerable. The United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia who claim the leadership of the Arab world are closely associated with the Trump Administration and the Israeli state. These two Arab states and the current Egyptian government support Israel rather than the Palestinians and blame Palestinian political groups instead of the Israeli state for the ongoing situation. These states condemn the retaliatory actions conducted by the Palestinians and remain silent about the inhumane treatment they suffer at the hands of the Israeli war machine. Consequently, there is no strong Arab state to defend the rights of Palestinians. For decades, Arab regimes have exploited the issue for domestic political legitimacy. Arab regimes who were afraid of their peoples tried to satisfy their demands by exaggerating the Israeli threat. Nowadays it appears that their fear of external powers is greater, which is why they capitulate to the demands of countries such as Israel and the U.S. and accordingly use the Palestinian issue in negotiations to their own benefit. However, Trump’s proclamation of the Deal of the Century caused fierce reaction from public opinion worldwide, especially from the Arab streets and Muslim communities. The Trump Administration miscalculated the civilian reaction. This time, it will be difficult to convince the Arab public, since it is much more aware than before about their regimes’ foreign policy behavior. Trump’s declaration, which contributed to the reunification of the Arab and Muslim peoples, satisfies only radical Christians and Zionist Jews. As long as the blockade on the Palestinian lands continues, the region will be subject to new waves of violence. Considering the unstable international system, ultra-nationalist, and xenophobic Western politics, chaotic regional atmosphere and Israeli domestic politics, it is not expected that the Israeli government will ease the blockade and give some rights to the Palestinians. Global powers such as the U.S. and the European Union not only close their eyes to the Israeli atrocities but also support its unequal and limitless violence. Even the UN has begun to warn “the two sides” about the escalation of violence, thus undervaluing the Israeli brutality by equating it with the small retaliatory actions of the Palestinains. Therefore, it can be said that there is currently no deterrent power in the world that is preventing Israeli aggression. Only a significant change in the regional and global balance of power will bring considerable changes in Israeli policies towards the region. This new issue of Insight Turkey highlights different subjects regarding the Israeli-Palestinian issue. Some of the leading and well-known intellectuals and academicians from Palestine, Israel, Turkey, Europe, and the United States contributed to this issue focusing of different dimensions of the problem. From a religious perspective, more particularly in Islam, the status and significance of Bayt al-Maqdis, the city of al-Quds, which is one of the main themes of the problem, must be acknowledged. Ikrime Sa’eed Sabri’s commentary explains the significance of Bayt al-Maqdis by addressing the close bonds, namely the bonds of creed, worship, civilization and culture, and history which are firm ties that link Muslims to Bayt al-Maqdis and the land of Palestine. The resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has faced many different obstacles since the United Nations resolved to partition Palestine into two separate states, Jewish and Arab. Galia Golan addresses these obstacles between Israel and Palestine as well as possibilities for peace, primarily the pragmatic 1988 PLO decision to create a new state, next to the state of Israel, in the West Bank and Gaza, with a capital in East Jerusalem. She discusses the possibilities of achieving a political peaceful co-existence in Palestine and finds it quite challenging. The commentary written by Victor Kattan examines the legality of the Israeli settlements and occupations in the West Bank, based on the perspective of international law and U.S. foreign policy. He analyzes the motives of the International Criminal Court (ICC) decision to initiate an investigation into the alleged war crimes committed in Palestine by the Israeli state, which include Israel’s settlement activities in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. “Is the two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict achievable?” is the question that Ian Lustic seeks to answer. In his opinion, this solution is a pretty picture of the future that only good people can imagine. Meanwhile, it remains just that, a picture, because there is a lack of effort to conduct negotiations between the Israeli state and the Palestinian people. This lack of effort is mainly related to the nature of negotiations which have become highly provocative in recent years. The influx of immigrant Jewish communities from different countries to Israel has disenfranchised the Palestinians from their land. Although, Israel claims that it offers democratic rights for all its citizens, in reality Palestinians have nothing. Ran Greenstein conceptualizes this situation by comparing the Israeli policies with the practice of apartheid in South Africa. He identifies the policies practiced by Israel as “apartheid of a special type” and a crime against humanity. To reveal how the status of the original Palestinian population has been ignored, Elia Zureik highlights the Israeli practices of governance in Palestine and how the Zionist movement and later the Israeli state have worked to kill the dream of the Palestinian people for their own state. This has been achieved through passing racially biased laws that discriminate against the native population, and using violence when enforcing those laws, especially after the Israeli state codified its new citizenship law that defines Israel as the state of the Jewish people. Ayfer Erdoğan and Lourdes Habash question the continuity of the U.S. policy making towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, especially under the Trump Administration. The results show that there hasn’t been a radical change throughout the administrations; however, the U.S. position in the conflict has become more transparent with a sharper pro-Israel tilt during the Trump Administration. Hamas has a dual role in the political and military struggle against the Israeli state on one hand and Fatah in Palestinian politics on the other. Although Hamas has had many achievements, since its establishment in the late 1980s, it has also failed in many aspects. To understand why, Nasuh Uslu and İbrahim Karataş evaluate this dualist struggle of Hamas in Palestine. The authors conclude that since Hamas has been otherized by many international actors, the Palestinian Authority (PA) and some international actors contributed more to this struggle. However, Hamas is still expected to fulfill the needs of Palestinians. In addition to these eight articles, focusing on the Israeli-Palestinian issue, there are some insightful pieces on a range of topics regarding Turkey and international politics. The transformation of international education with a Turkey-centric perspective strengthens Turkey’s cultural diplomacy and soft power. This transformation is led by different sub-governmental and non-governmental organizations. One of the leading actors is the Turkish Maarif Foundation. In their commentary, Birol Akgün and Mehmet Özkan contextualize the foundation’s foreign and domestic policy and outline a vision through evaluating activities over the past three years. The principle of “the more corrupt the country, the less democratic it is likely to be” can be measured in the Balkan countries. Sabrina P. Ramet in her article addresses problems that the Balkan countries are facing, such as corruption, unemployment, and poverty. With regard to the events of the Gulf Crisis, Farhan Mujahid Chak deconstructs the reasons and motives behind the quartet’s blockade on Qatar. To do so, he employs post-colonialism variables, assuming that the preponderance of the U.S. military power in the Gulf Cooperation Council produces competing ‘projects’ in the Middle East. He underlines three conflicting ideal types: subservient, resisting/increasing, and pivoting from engagement to resisting the American hegemony. The article written by Nur Köprülü takes us back to the events of when the public protests engulfed most Arab regimes in 2011. However, she focuses on how the democratization processes in the MENA region led to the empowerment of the Islamist actors after decades of political exclusion. Hence, within a domestic and regional context shaping the politics of Islamist parties, Köprülü explores different trajectories of two countries in the region, the inclusion of Islamists in the case of Tunisia and their exclusion in the case of Jordan. In the last piece of this issue, Krizza Janica Mahinay analyzes the shift of the Moro National Liberation Movement (MNLF) in the discourse on Malaysia and the ramifications of this new discourse within the Philippine state. She elaborates this shift through the lens of power relations and foreign policy, taking into account the struggle for legitimacy within the Philippines. Through a wide range of commentaries and articles, this issue of Insight Turkey aims to bring to its readers a comprehensive framework on the current situation of the Israeli-Palestinian question. Whether there will be a deal to this problem remains a difficult question to be answered. Currently one thing is clear, that the plan declared by the Trump Administration, which was welcomed by Israel and some of its Arab allies, such as the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, assures the Palestinian people the continuation of their century long ordeal.

Download or read book Jihad in Palestine written by Shaul Bartal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century exists in the shadow of the return of extremist Islam to the center of the world’s political stage, a process that began at the end of the previous century. While researchers have focused on the rise of Hamas, this return has in fact manifested itself in a range of independent Islamic extremist groups with their own philosophies. Jihad in Palestine provides a comprehensive study of the variety of Islamic extremist groups operating inside Israel/Palestine today, examining their philosophies and views concerning martyrdom, as well as their attitudes to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These ideologies are presented in their own words, thanks to the author’s extensive translations and commentary of primary sources in Arabic, including the writings of the Islamic Jihad, al-Jama’a al-Islamiya, Hizbal-Tahrir al-Islami, Hamas and the Islamic Movement. The book studies the attitudes of these organisations towards the fundamental issues surrounding Jihad, including the concept of personal obligation, the relationship of the movement to the peace agreements and attitudes towards Jews expressed in the movement’s writings. Exploring the basic theories of sacrifice and analysing modern day Palestinian society, it promotes a greater understanding of the religious angle of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of Middle East Studies, Jewish Studies, Political Islam and Terrorism & Political Violence.

Download or read book Al Aqsa Journal written by Adam Chandler and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-03 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The al-Aqsa Mosque -Historic IncidentsA Miracle indeed! Prophet Mohammed first talked about al-Aqsa Mosque as 'Miraj 'incident in his Night Journey episode; a vision of his journey revealed there in 622CE [Quran CH 17; Sura Isra]. The incident introduced revelation about the "Farthest Mosque (Al-Masjid-ul-Aqsa) to the believers, the mosque was built 55 years after the death of Muhammad. It is utterly impossible that Muhammad visited the mosque on his Night Journey. When the Arabs conquered Jerusalem in 637CE, they found the Temple Mount abandoned and filled with refuse. `Umar Ibne Khattab ordered it cleaned and he performed a prayer there. The two Islamic shrines were built afterwards; (1) The Dome of the Rock built by Caliph `Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan around 72/691 CE, and (2) The al-Aqsa mosque proper, built at the end of the 7th Century.So, a quick re-cap: The Temple of Solomon had been completely destroyed in 70 AD/CE; Prophet Mohammed's Miraj (Night Journey) occurred in 622 AD (twelfth year of Muhammad's mission); Mohammed died in 633CE. Jerusalem conquered by Arabs in 637CE, in 691 AD Caliph Abd' Malik began building two Islamic shrines (Dome of Rock and al-Aqsa mosque). Solomon's Temple didn't existed at the dawn of Islam, and it does not provide anymore any better solution to mosque problem.Additionally, at around 622 CE, Jerusalem was not in the hand of the Muslims reign, rather it was in Christian hand. There was no Mosque of any type in that place (not even a church). The Dome of the Rock and the Al Aqsa Mosque (both are on the site of Solomon's Temple which had been destroyed A.D. 70 by the Romans). Mohammed died approximately 600 years afterwards, building of the above two shrines were resumed roughly 53 years after the death of Muhammad. That's a recorded history Muslims in general feel proud of. Every Muslim male or female, young or old feel proud to defend al-Aqsa!

Download or read book Understanding the Spiritual Meaning of Jerusalem in Three Abrahamic Religions written by Antti Laato and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the Spiritual Meaning of Jerusalem in Three Abrahamic Religions analyses spiritual images and theological constructions related to Jerusalem in Christian, Islamic and Jewish literature, including the Bible, Qur’an, and Second Temple Jewish writings.

Download or read book From Freedom Fighters to Jihadists written by Vera Mironova and published by Causes and Consequences of Ter. This book was released on 2019 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the start of the Syrian conflict in 2011, thousands of pro-democracy rebel groups spontaneously formed to fight the Assad regime. Years later, the revolution was unrecognizable as rebel opposition forces had merged into three major groups: Jabhat al-Nusra, Ahrar al Sham, and the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS). Why did these three groups rapidly increase in size and military strength while others simply disappeared? What is it about their organizational structure and their Islamist ideology that helped group manage their fighters so successfully? With these questions at the forefront, this book examines the internal organization of armed groups and, in particular, their human resources. Analyzing the growth of these groups through the prism of a labor market theory, this book shows that extreme Islamist groups were able to attract fighters away from more moderate groups because they had better internal organization, took better care of fighters both physically and monetarily, experienced less internal corruption, and effectively used their Islamist ideology to control recruits. With unparalleled access and extensive ethnographic research drawn from her interviews and her year embedded with Iraqi Special Operation forces, Mironova delves deep into the ideological and practical nexus of some of the most radical groups in the Middle East. This book brings together more than 600 survey-interviews with local civilians and fighters on the frontline in Syria and a dataset of human resource policies from 40 armed groups; it is an invaluable resource for anyone who wants insight into the on the ground functioning of rebel organizations.

Download or read book Sharing the Dragon s Teeth written by Kim Cragin and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2007-03-19 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Case studies of 11 terrorist groups in Mindanao, the West Bank and Gaza Strip, and southwest Colombia show how these groups have exchanged technologies and knowledge in an effort to innovate (i.e., improve their operational capabilities). The analysis provides national security policymakers with insight into the innovation process and suggests ways that government policies can create barriers to terrorists' adoption of new technologies.