Download or read book Airway Epithelial Cells as Targets of Glucocorticoid Therapy in Inflammatory Lung Diseases written by Carina Klaßen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been a mainstay in the treatment of various autoimmune and allergic diseases for many decades due to their potent anti-inflammatory activities. The beneficial effects of GCs are mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mainly through modulation of target gene expression via transactivation or transrepression. Despite their therapeutic potency, the use of GCs is limited as their broad activity profile may lead to the development of severe side effects. Therefore, a better understanding of the precise mode and site of GC-action could help to improve this therape...
Download or read book Severe Asthma written by Kian Fan Chung and published by European Respiratory Society. This book was released on 2019-06-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Severe asthma is a form of asthma that responds poorly to currently available medication, and its patients represent those with greatest unmet needs. In the last 10 years, substantial progress has been made in terms of understanding some of the mechanisms that drive severe asthma; there have also been concomitant advances in the recognition of specific molecular phenotypes. This ERS Monograph covers all aspects of severe asthma – epidemiology, diagnosis, mechanisms, treatment and management – but has a particular focus on recent understanding of mechanistic heterogeneity based on an analytic approach using various ‘omics platforms applied to clinically well-defined asthma cohorts. How these advances have led to improved management targets is also emphasised. This book brings together the clinical and scientific expertise of those from around the world who are collaborating to solve the problem of severe asthma.
Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.
Download or read book Glucocorticoid Signaling written by Jen-Chywan Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-27 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely volume provides a comprehensive overview of glucocorticoids and their role in regulating many aspects of physiology and their use in the treatment of disease. The book is broken into four sections that begin by giving a general introduction to glucocorticoids and a brief history of the field. The second section will discuss the effects of glucocorticoids on metabolism, while the third section will cover the effects of glucocorticoids on key tissues. The final section will discuss general topics, such as animal models in glucocorticoid research and clinical implications of glucocorticoid research. Featuring chapters from leaders in the field, this volume will be of interest to both researchers and clinicians.
Download or read book Receptor Regulation written by R. J. Lefkowitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ROBERT J. LEFKOWITZ, M. D. Receptor Regulation (Receptors and Recognition, Series B, Volume 13) Edited by R. J. Lefkowitz Published in 1981 by Chapman and Hall, 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE © 1981 Chapman and Hall The study of hormone and drug receptors has become one of the most excit ing and rapidly moving areas of biomedical research. Elucidation of receptor mechanisms and receptor structure has become the common goal of many scientists from diverse backgrounds. The rapid advances achieved have been due, in large part, to the concentrated effort of workers from a variety of disciplines including classical pharmacology, biochemistry, endocrinology, cell biology, genetics' and molecular biology, among others. Hormone and drug receptors appear to be of three major types, which may be classified by their cellular locations. Found in the plasma membranes of cells are the receptors for a wide variety of polypeptide hormones, catecholamines and a variety of neurotransmitters. Included within this group are those receptors coupled to the enzyme adenylate cyclase. The second group of receptors are the soluble cytoplasmic receptors for the steroid hormones. A third type of hormone receptor is the receptor for the thyroid hormones which appears to be confined to the nucleus. Not only may these different types of receptor be distinguished in terms of their cellular locations but also by their mechanisms of action.
Download or read book Human Eosinophils written by Gianni Marone and published by Karger Medical Scientific. This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eosinophils represent approximately 1% of peripheral blood leukocytes and play a central proinflammatory and immunoregulatory role in various immune disorders. This volume provides the reader with a comprehensive survey of the major aspects of human eosinophilic biology and immunology as well as the most clinically relevant aspects of eosinophil-related disorders. Expert contributions cover the ultrastructural and phenotypic characteristics of human eosinophils, and their fundamental biochemical features including receptors for IgE and chemokines. The production of cytokines and their role in the activation of eosinophils are reviewed. Furthermore, the classic eosinophil-related disorders such as hypereosinophilia, drug reactions, allergic disorders and some cardiovascular diseases are described. Each of the chapters is written by an investigator actively engaged in research on the topic under consideration. The well-edited and stimulating material compiled in this volume will be of interest to all those working in allergology, immunology, biochemistry and pulmonary medicine.
Download or read book Novel Targets for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases Focus On Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Compounds volume II written by Yan Huang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-03-18 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Topic is part of a series with: Novel Targets for Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Focus On Therapeutic Drugs and Natural Compounds Chronic inflammation is a component of many disease conditions that affect a large group of individuals worldwide, which is characterized by persistent, low-grade inflammation and is increased in the aging population. It occurs when an initiating stimulus is not removed or if the resolution process is disrupted, resulting in a state of low-grade inflammation. It is acknowledged that chronic inflammatory diseases are involved in cardiovascular diseases, endocrine disease, neurodegenerative disease, hepatic disease, pulmonary disease, gastrointestinal disease, and cancer et al., including but not limited to atherosclerosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, fibrosis, NAFLD, COPD, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disorders(like SLE, RA), which are major causes of death worldwide. Immunity is a physiological function of the human body, which maintains health by destroying and rejecting foreign substances including antigens, damaged cells, and tumors et al. There is a close relationship between inflammation and immunity, whether they are both protective mechanisms against invasion or injury responses. Therefore, the important role of inflammatory and immune responses should be noted, it is necessary to explore novel targets and therapeutic drugs for chronic inflammatory diseases.
Download or read book Glucocorticoids in Immunity and Inflammation written by Emira Ayroldi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxidative Stress and Redox Regulation written by Ursula Jakob and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many physiological conditions such as host defense or aging and pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, and diabetes are associated with the accumulation of high levels of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. This generates a condition called oxidative stress. Low levels of reactive oxygen species, however, which are continuously produced during aerobic metabolism, function as important signaling molecules, setting the metabolic pace of cells and regulating processes ranging from gene expression to apoptosis. For this book we would like to recruit the experts in the field of redox chemistry, bioinformatics and proteomics, redox signaling and oxidative stress biology to discuss how organisms achieve the appropriate redox balance, the mechanisms that lead to oxidative stress conditions and the physiological consequences that contribute to aging and disease.
Download or read book Innovative In Vitro Models for Pulmonary Physiology and Drug Delivery in Health and Disease written by Josue Sznitman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-28 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Resolution Pharmacology Innovative Therapeutic Approaches Based on the Biology of Resolution to Control Chronic Diseases of Western Societies written by Mauro Perretti and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this eBook, we have grouped together 16 original contributions which have addressed the translational potential for therapeutics developed on the conceptual framework of the resolution of inflammation. The take home message of our effort, and the efforts of our colleagues who wrote these pieces, is that completely different drugs can be designed and modelled on the mediators and targets of resolution. By implementing this 180° shift in the way we plan the drug development programme (that is by focusing on agonists and/or promoting the actions of pro-resolution agonists) we can offer a fresh approach to the clinical management of chronic diseases that affect the modern society. With this series of articles we foresee the birth of Resolution Pharmacology. The 16 contributions presented herein confirm the broad relevance of pro-resolving physio-pharmacology with the description of pro-resolving mechanisms in distinct diseases, from atherosclerosis and heart infarct, to cystic fibrosis and diabetes. This testifies on one hand the fundamental role that inflammatory mechanisms play in virtually all pathological settings and, on the other hand, the great potential that a novel approach to anti-inflammatory therapy by exploiting resolution mediators and targets may have. Thus, while there is broad recognition that evidence-based interventions have transformed cardiovascular, inflammation and endocrine care, new therapies are still needed for growing numbers of patients with unmet needs. As an example, an estimated 17 million people world-wide die annually of cardiovascular diseases, particularly heart attacks and strokes. Cardiovascular diseases occur almost equally in men and women and are the leading cause of death and morbidity worldwide. It is estimated that only 1/1,000 compounds entering preclinical testing are then trialled in man and the actual cost of developing a new therapeutic into clinical practice has grown exponentially over the past two decades (estimated $1.2B). Over the last 20 years or more, scientists have appreciated the biology of the resolution of inflammation, which provides a new paradigm in our understanding of the inflammatory process with the appreciation of genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms that are engaged to actively resolve inflammation. The ‘resolution of acute inflammation’ is enabled by counter-regulatory checkpoints to terminate the host reaction while at the same time promoting healing and repair. The potential of lipid mediators to enact pro-resolving effects in the context of cystic fibrosis is presented by Recchiuti et al., while Fredman reasons on the potential for these molecules in atherosclerosis. This resonates well with the contributions from Bäck and colleagues who have focused on pro-resolving receptors to offer vasculo-protection in intimal hyperplasia and more generally in cardiovascular disease. On the same vein is the scholar contribution of Leoni and Soehnlein who focus on heart disease, with Qin et al. presenting the latest findings on the effect of an Annexin A1-derived peptide in myocardial infarction. Hansen et al. and de Gaetano et al. bring in the complexity of diabetes and associated morbidity with a focus on specialised pro-resolving lipid mediators but also introducing the potential of dietary approaches. As the western diet favours disease, an omega-3 rich diet can lead to higher availability of lipid mediators to afford tissue protection if not reverting its pathological status. Docosahexaenoic acid and its bioactive derivatives are endowed with potent anti-nociceptive properties following bone fracture, as shown by Zhang et al. The broad relevance of the pharmacological approach reaches the skin with Resolvin D1 protecting against UV irradiation (Saito et al.). Reduced skin inflammation is also achieved with an Annexin A1 peptide that impacts on the outcome of heterologous transplantation (Lacerda et al.). Indeed, modulating the phenotype of immune cells can provide long lasting beneficial outcomes, as attained with CDK inhibitors (Cartwright et al.) and PI3K inhibitors in experimental gout (Galvao et al.). Such an effect is also achieved with a third group of pro-resolving therapeutics, the melanocortin receptor agonists, with important modulation of macrophage reactivity (Patruno et al.) with Spana et al., providing new pharmacology following selective activation of the MC1 receptor. Finally, Hopkin et al. discuss the potential for targeting immune cell trafficking as a way to control immune mediated diseases, bringing in not only pro-resolving mediator agonists, but also approaches to reduce chemo/cytokine gradients or modulating S1P and 11-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Finally, we wish to highlight that this wealth of science has also bought to the forefront specific pro-resolving receptors (including FPR2/ALX, GPR32, ChemR23 and MC1), all G protein coupled receptors that are therefore amenable to pharmacological exploitation for drug discovery programmes. We see that not only agonists to the receptors can be developed, some of them modelled on the natural ligands (e.g. resolvins, lipoxins, Annexin A1-derived peptides or melanocortin peptides), but also that the creativity of this pharmacology can be attained through biased ligands and positive allosteric modulators. Deep knowledge of pro-resolving receptor biology and their cell-specific signalling can accelerate the generation of novel anti-inflammatory depicted on the resolution of inflammation. In conclusion, with this eBook, we propose time is ready to exploit the concepts of resolution and use its targets and mediators for the identification of better drugs to establish ‘Resolution Pharmacology’. We predict Resolution Pharmacology will represent an important innovation in the way common diseases will be treated in the next decades of this millennium.
Download or read book Cytokine Inhibitors written by Gennaro Ciliberto and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-11-14 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compiling an up-to-date and detailed survey of the role cytokines play in cell-to-cell communication, development, and differentiation, this comprehensive reference highlights the medical advantages of cytokine inhibition and pursues novel methods of discovery for more potent and specific blocking agents. Investigates the pathogenic role of
Download or read book Clinical Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease written by Thomas Similowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-04-25 with total page 1117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference presents a comprehensive review of the most recent strategies used to assess, treat, and manage patients in each phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-offering the latest diagnostic modalities to identify and distinguish components of COPD in earlier, more reversible stages. Contains perspectives from the World Health Organization on the epidemiology and control of COPD in Africa, South America, and Eastern Europe!
Download or read book Adenosine Receptors written by Gyorgy Hasko and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-07-20 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After a century of research, several lines of evidence now indicate that the ability of adenosine to directly control inflammatory cells has a major impact on the functions of the inflammatory and immune systems. Consequently, many promising therapeutic approaches are beginning to emerge that focus on the modulation of adenosine, including the deve
Download or read book Advances in Pulmonary Diseases Cellular Pathology Molecular Targets Novel Diagnosis and Therapy written by Huahao Shen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nijkamp and Parnham s Principles of Immunopharmacology written by Michael J. Parnham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-10 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Immunopharmacology provides a unique source of essential knowledge on the immune response, its diagnosis and its modification by drugs and chemicals. The 4th edition of this internationally recognized textbook has been revised to include recent developments, but continues the established format, dealing with four related fields in a single volume, thus obviating the need to refer to several different textbooks. The first section of the book, providing a basic introduction to immunology and its relevance for human disease, has been updated to accommodate new immunological concepts, particularly the role of epigenetics and the latest understanding of cancer immunology. The second section on immunodiagnostics offers a topical description of widely used molecular techniques and a new chapter on imaging techniques. This is followed by a systematic coverage of drugs affecting the immune system, including natural products. This third section contains 15 updated chapters, covering classical immunopharmacological topics such as anti-asthmatic, anti-rheumatic and immunosuppressive drugs, but also deals with antibiotics, plant-derived and dietary agents, with new chapters on monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy in sepsis and infection, drugs for soft-tissue autoimmunity and cell therapy. The book concludes with a chapter on immunotoxicology and drug safety tests. Aids to the reader include a two-column format, glossaries of technical terms and appendix reference tables. The emphasis on illustrations is maintained from the first three editions. The book is a valuable single reference for undergraduate and graduate medical and biomedical students, postgraduate chemistry and pharmacy students, researchers in chemistry, biochemistry and the pharmaceutical industry and researchers lacking basic immunological knowledge, who want to understand the actions of drugs on the immune system.
Download or read book Impact of System Biology and Molecular Medicine on the Management of Complex Immune Mediated Respiratory Diseases written by Blanca Cárdaba and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
