Download or read book Airport Competition Regulation in Europe written by Stamatis Varsamos and published by Kluwer Law International. This book was released on 2016-10-31 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerospace Law and Policy Series Volume 12 Airport Competition Regulation in Europe focuses on the issue of airport charges and its impact on airport competition in the EU, especially following the introduction of EU Directive 12/2009 on airport charges. Over the last thirty years, airports within the EU including nearly a hundred newly built or rebuilt during that time have undergone a major economic transformation. From mere infrastructure providers, airports have become diversified and complex commercial enterprises in competition with each other. This book is the first and only one thus far to deal with the legal issues surrounding this important development, focusing on the impact of EU Directive 12/2009 on airport charges. What s in this book: Examining the use of airport infrastructure, the growing competition among airports, and the relations between airlines and airports, the author, a leading aviation law practitioner, covers such issues and topics as the following: types of charges landing, passenger, aircraft parking; pricing factors determining airport charges; vertical contractual relations between airports and airlines; airport market power and dominance; issues of consultation and transparency; ability of airlines and passengers to switch to alternative airports; application of State aid rules; security charges; environmental charges and schemes; and price discrimination and differentiation. This book first discusses the nature of airport charges, the factors determining their price and structure, and then, proceeds with an analysis of the basic provisions of the Directive and on the effects of its implementation in the EU Member States. Furthermore, this book encompasses the legal assessment of the current trend of vertical agreements between airports and airlines on the basis of existing case law by the Commission and ECJ on airport charges which is central to the above discussions. How this will help you: This book describes the evolution of the basic features of airport competition in the EU, and in particular, the issues of airport market power and State aid to airports which helps setting a successful strategy for airport charges. As an introspection of the economic regulation of EU airports due to the liberalization process, structural changes in the ownership status of many EU airports, and the emergence of new airline business models (such as low-cost carriers), this book serves as an indispensable tool for practitioners, policymakers, and academics in aviation law. "

Download or read book European Union Competition Law in the Airline Industry written by John Milligan and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the liberalisation of air transport in the EU in the late 1980s, with the application of competition law to agreements and practices within the EU, and between EU and non-EU airlines since 2004, competition has intensifi ed and the industry has evolved, with the emergence of low cost carriers, greater consolidation between full service carriers through mergers and alliances, and most recently, convergence of business models as airlines respond to competitive pressures. The enforcement of competition law has also increased within the EU – at EU and EU member state level and internationally. This practical and thoroughly researched book, minimising the need for cross-referencing, is the only current comprehensive study of European competition law from the perspective of the airline industry. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: - commercial agreements between airlines such as code-sharing, mergers and alliances and other joint ventures; - means of distribution such as computer reservation (or global distribution) systems and travel agents; - supply and distribution agreements; - abusive conduct by dominant companies including airports, airlines, or other companies; - cartels, including the Airfreight cartel case; - information exchange between competitors; - procedure, enforcement and private actions for damages; - state aid to airlines by Governments, through agreements between regional airports and low cost carriers, and aid to airports; and - subsidies by non-EU countries to airlines. The author also gives an overview of the liberalisation process, the European Common Aviation Area, agreements with non-EU countries, latest developments (including Brexit) and ongoing trends. As a practical guide to the application of competition law in relation to drafting commercial agreements, planning and structuring mergers and alliances, assessing existing agreements, or handling claims or disputes among airlines or airports, legal practitioners in the transport fi eld will fi nd this book to be of inestimable value, as will business persons at airlines and airports. For regulators, academics, and university libraries, this book will also prove itself indispensable.

Download or read book Airport Competition written by Peter Forsyth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-23 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The break-up of BAA and the blocked takeover of Bratislava airport by the competing Vienna airport have brought the issue of airport competition to the top of the agenda for air transport policy in Europe. Airport Competition reviews the current state of the debate and asks whether airport competition is strong enough to effectively limit market power. It provides evidence on how travellers chose an airport, thereby altering its competitive position, and on how airports compete in different regions and markets. The book also discusses the main policy implications of mergers and subsidies.

Download or read book Airport Competition Regulation in Europe written by Stamatis Varsamos and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2016-10-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past thirty years, airports within the EU – including nearly a hundred newly built or rebuilt during that time – have undergone a major economic transformation. From mere infrastructure providers, airports have become diversified and complex commercial enterprises in competition with each other. This is the first and only book thus far to deal with the legal issues surrounding this important development, focusing on the impact of EU Directive 12/2009 on airport charges. Examining the use of airport infrastructure, the growing competition among airports, and the relations between airlines and airports, the author, a leading aviation law practitioner, covers such issues and topics as the following: - types of charges – landing, passenger, aircraft parking; - pricing factors determining airport charges; - vertical contractual relations between airports and airlines; - airport market power and dominance; - issues of consultation and transparency; - ability of airlines and passengers to switch to alternative airports; - application of state aid rules; - security charges; - environmental charges and schemes; and - price discrimination and differentiation. The presentation encompasses a critical analysis of the findings of case law, both international and European, on airport charges in the context of the new trend of airports and airlines concluding vertical agreements. As an examination of the economic regulation of EU airports due to the liberalization process, structural changes in the ownership status of many EU airports, and the emergence of new airline business models (such as low-cost carriers), this book, the only one of its kind, will quickly become indispensable to practitioners, policymakers, and academics in aviation law.

Download or read book Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry written by Steven Truxal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the relationship between competition and the deregulation and liberalisation of the US and European air transport sectors reveals that the structure of the air transport sector has undergone a number of significant changes. A growing number of airlines are entering into horizontal and vertical cooperative arrangements and integration including franchising, codeshare agreements, alliances, ‘virtual mergers’ and in some cases, mergers with other airlines, groups of airlines or other complementary lines of business such as airports. This book considers the current legal issues affecting the air transport sector incorporating recent developments in the industry, including the end of certain exemptions from EU competition rules, the effect of the EU-US Open Skies Agreement, the accession of new EU Member States and the Lisbon Treaty. The book explores the differing European and US regulatory approaches to the changes in the industry and examines how airlines have remained economically efficient in what is perceived as a complex and confused regulatory environment. Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry will be of particular interest to academics and students of competition law as well as EU law.

Download or read book Law and Policy on Airport Competition in Europe written by Jeffrey Goh and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Tenth Annual Conference in Vienna European Air Law Association written by European Air Law Association. Conference and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1998 had seen further efforts by the European Commission to reduce the number of natural monopolies in the air transport market. The Council of the EU discussed a Directive aimed at regulating airport practices by limiting the level of charges, putting an end to unfair practices and improving transparency for users. At the same time, the Commission set conditions on airline alliances after having carried out investigations into several alliances between EU and US carriers. Another significant issue in 1998 has been the review of conditions of carriage and tickets in consultation with the Commission and with consumer organisations, as well as the proposal for a revision of Regulation No. 895/91 regarding denied boarding compensation. Also in high profile during 1998 has been the proposal for a multilateral treaty between the EU and Eastern European countries regarding the adoption of the air law regime of the EU and EU competition law, which would create a common European aviation area. These various developments have provided the principal topics for discussion at the Association's annual conference for 1998.

Download or read book Airport Regulation Investment and Development of Aviation written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews recent experience with airport regulation on the basis of discussions at the International Transport Forum between leaders of airlines and airports together with regulators and economists.

Download or read book European Aviation Law written by Paul Stephen Dempsey and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once a byword for the economic power of national government - with competition strictly regulated - European commercial aviation has now virtually become a market without state-imposed anticompetitive restrictions. Although intended to enhance competition, this situation has in fact driven airlines to form massive global alliances cartels that offer ever-shrinking benefits to the consumer. In this extraordinarily thorough, blow-by-blow analysis of how this happened ? or was allowed to happen ? one of the world?s most eminent aviation law authorities explores the subject with a lucid insight fully informed by historical breadth and a keen appreciation of current pressures. Commercial aviation emerges as the crucible par excellence of the convergence of prevailing global ideology, economics, and international law. Among the numerous interrelated topics investigated in depth by Professor Dempsey, the following may be mentioned: the principal actors, including scores of airlines, the European Union, and a number of air transport associations; the labyrinth of bilateral air transport agreements; the relevance of the Treaty of Rome?s competition rules and the EU merger regulations to air transport; the important Court of Justice cases that circumscribed the zone of application in which the competition rules can regulate air transport: French Seamen?s Case, Transport Policy Decision, Olympic Airway, Nouvelles Fronti?res, Ahmed Saeed, and the 2002 `Open Skies? Decision; the 1991 U.S.-EC agreement regarding the application of competition laws; the sequence of EU aviation regulatory `packages?; regulation of non-economic issues (air traffic congestion, noise limitations, air carrier liability, civil aviation accident/incident investigations, denied boarding compensation); the effect of the U.S. government?s increasing invocation of antitrust immunity; computer reservation systems (especially code-sharing procedures); jointly-owned web sites for ticket sales and other e-commerce joint ventures; frequent flyer program alliances; and the emergence of global megacarriers. The author?s presentation emphasizes the regulatory constructs that currently affect the European air transport market: pricing and tariffs, pooling of revenue, market access (licensing, capacity limits, traffic rights, slot allocation), ground handlings, cargo services, state aid, and the power of the EU to act on the commercial aviation world stage for Member States. Each of these areas of analysis begins with an overview of the general regulatory environment for that area followed by a detailed chronological delineation of relevant packages, proposals, resolutions, and regulations. Because of the enormous role played by international air transport with respect to gross national product, employment, and energy consumption, European Aviation Law is of great importance not only to European lawyers but to officials, policymakers, practitioners, and academics in a number of relevant fields worldwide.

Download or read book Lobbying in the European Commission written by Dinos Kyrou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2000, this volume examines the role of industry representation in the EU in the case of the air transport industry. Air transport has contributed to areas including member state interdependence, national defence in foreign policy considerations and national identity in terms of ‘flag carrier’ airlines. Dinos Kyrou looks at specific case studies concerning aspects of integration of the air transport sector within the European Union. These case studies – an examination of a European Commission Proposal for a Council Directive and the attempt by the Commission to formulate a Proposal for a Council Regulation – are stages in the process of policy formulation which are aimed at enhancing the liberalisation which was completed de jure in 1992. In both cases, the increasing prominence of the Competition Directorate of the European Commission (DGIV) has been evident. Kyrou’s question is whether this reflects a restoration or a creation of pride and self.

Download or read book International and EU Aviation Law written by Elmar Maria Giemulla and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an extraordinary wealth of information, from the ground up, of the law governing and regulating air transport today, with a strong emphasis on international aviation. A team of distinguished authors in the field of aviation law provide a cogent synthesis from which sound legal opinions and strategies of legal action may be confidently built. Among the many topics here in depth are the following: definition and classification of airspace; distinction between civil and state aircraft; air navigation and air traffic control services; airport charges and overflight charges; structure of ICAO; standard-setting functions and audit functions of ICAO; functions of the International Air Transport Association (IATA); policy and effects of deregulation and liberalization of air transport policy; the International Registry for Aircraft Equipment; air carrier liability regimes and claims procedure; measures to combat aviation terrorism, air piracy and sabotage; and the Open Skies Agreements. This publication cites significant legislation and court rulings, including from the United States and the European Union, where far-reaching measures on market access, competition and passenger rights have set trends for other regions of the world. The special case of Latin America has a chapter to itself. At a time when commercial aircraft have been used as lethal weapons for the first time, aviation law finds itself in the front line of responsibility for maintaining global aviation security.

Download or read book Aviation Markets written by David Starkie and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aviation Markets: Studies in Competition and Regulatory Reform is a collection of 17 papers selected from David Starkie's extensive writings over the last 25 years. Previously published material has been extensively edited and adapted, and combined with new material, published here for the first time. The book is divided into five sections, each featuring an original overview chapter, to better establish the background and also explain the papers' wider significance including, wherever appropriate, their relevance to current policy issues. These papers have been selected to illustrate a significant theme that has been relatively neglected thus far in both aviation and industrial economics: the role of the market and its interplay with the development of economic policy in the context of a dynamic but partly price regulated industry. The result provides a strong flavour of how market mechanisms, and particularly competition, can operate to successfully resolve policy issues. The book will be of interest to academics and those engaged in the formulation of aviation policy, such as public administrators and consultants, as well as those working in the aviation industry. It is also relevant to economic studies in a more general context, particularly to students and practitioners in industrial organisation economics, including those studying and researching the public utility industries.

Download or read book The Economic Regulation of Airports written by Peter Forsyth and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This tour d'horizon book reviews airport regulation and competition in different regions of the world and contrasts different policy perspectives. Organized in four parts, the first three examine, in turn, Australasia, North America, and Europe, while the last section looks at the institutional reforms that have taken place in these regions. The book covers the regulation of airports, and competition in different regions, as well as privatization policy, the interaction between airports and airlines, and regional economic impacts. It also examines the linkages between governance structures and forms of regulation. The book's global sweep embraces all the large aviation markets, bringing together the ideas and challenges of academic economists, airlines, airport managers, consultants and government regulators. As well as looking at different methods, degrees and paradigms of regulation it also spells out the stress-points, in a way that makes essential reading for airport operators, airline operations staff, as well as academic economists concerned with transport studies. It also offers interesting reading and important lessons for those concerned with regulation of the utility industries such as, telecommunications, water and power generation and distribution - where infrastructure can be subject to natural monopoly characteristics and where firms competing in downstream markets are dependent on the investment and operational strategies of the upstream infrastructure operator.

Download or read book EU Law on State Aid to Airlines written by Magnus Schmauch and published by Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft. This book was released on 2012 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State intervention in air transport is omnipresent. Airlines, in particular, are major beneficiaries of State aid. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law regulating State aids to airlines, which includes sections on Articles 107 TFEU and 108 TFEU as well as an overview of legal issues raised by air transport and competition in the EU, in particular deregulation and its consequences. EU Law on State Aid to Airlines follows a multi-disciplinary approach by relying on the fundamental concepts of economics and policy analysis. This approach allows grasping the wider implications of this sector's issues for the field of State Aid, in particular in the light of the 'more economic approach' and the 'balancing test'. Furthermore, additional perspective is given on State aid law in the air transport sector through comparative analyses of regulations in the United States and Switzerland and outlooks on international relations. Finally, the book presents a number of recent Commission decisions with a dramatic importance for the air transport, with the opening of formal investigation procedures regarding alleged State aid to low-cost airlines operating from regional airports all over Europe. Magnus Schmauch is Legal Secretary at the EFTA Court in the Chambers of judge Pall Hreinsson. Previous experience includes four years as a lawyer at the Court of Justice of the European Union. He has published a large number of articles on State aid and other fields of EU law and teaches on EU law and fundamental rights at the University of Lund, Sweden.

Download or read book Deregulation and the Airline Business in Europe written by Sean Barrett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a longstanding expert in the field, this book examines the deregulation of the airline industry and the rise of low cost airlines, specifically the success of Ryanair as a key case study.

Download or read book Economic Regulation of Urban and Regional Airports written by Peter Forsyth and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-02 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new insights into the theory and practice of economic airport regulation. In light of recent developments in aviation markets and policy, and the debate on airport regulation and benchmarking, it offers case studies on various aspects of economic regulation of city and regional airports. Written by experts in the field, the volume features contributions on the theory of regulation and benchmarking, as well as case studies on recent experiences in Europe and Latin America. This book is divided into three parts: Part I provides the theoretical background for the study of airport regulation and regulatory systems. Competition at airports is discussed, as are common forms of regulation and potential pitfalls. Part II addresses benchmarking, as benchmarking is often applied as an input to the regulatory process. Although benchmarking is necessary, reviews of how benchmarking is applied in the literature and in practice show that improvements can be made. Part III provides case studies on real-world examples. Addressing the question of whether and how European airport regulators set incentives for efficiency, and how benchmarking is used in the regulatory process, this book is an important contribution to the development of the transport industry in Europe and Latin America. It will appeal to scholars and students in transport economics, regional economics and related fields, as well as to practitioners and policy makers in the transport industry.

Download or read book Regulation of Infrastructure Markets written by Davide Maresca and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-24 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This casebook is an effort to explain infrastructure markets from a unique perspective: regulation. Regulation means the analysis of two main groups of laws, namely internal market and antitrust law. The aim is to find a uniform regulation applicable to infrastructures in the European common market through a direct reading and explanation of judicial opinions. The book is divided into five parts: two general chapters and three thematic chapters. The first chapter is an introduction to the main European law principles applicable to infrastructure markets. The second chapter applies the Services of General Interest doctrine to infrastructure markets: The key issue is the separation of the public administrations and the private companies operating infrastructures. The thematic chapters focus on seaports, railways and airports, respectively. The core of the examination is a dual perspective dealing with both the internal market rules and ensuring fair competition.