Download or read book Airline Mergers and Cooperation in the European Community written by Trevor Soames and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Airline Mergers and Cooperation in the European Community 27 July 1990 in London written by Prodromos D. Dagtoglou and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Airline Mergers in the European Union and the United States written by Marios Seretis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The past decade witnessed a substantial wave of airline mergers in the markets of the European Union and the United States. The present thesis will provide a retrospective comparative assessment of the application of antitrust law in each jurisdiction, and will assess its impact on each domestic market under review. It will explore the historical roots of this common tendency towards consolidation, and will analyze how competition regulators in each jurisdiction responded to the antitrust challenges raised by this common trend. It will contend that the European Commission has adopted a more stringent standard in its assessments of the subject mergers than the Department of Justice. It will substantiate this submission by examining three important parameters involved in any competitive assessment, namely the definition of an antitrust market, the substantive test against which a transaction will be reviewed, and the consideration of the efficiencies (allegedly) induced by a merger. It will contrast the European Commission's merger-skepticism to the Department's merger-permissiveness in these three areas. It will subsequently assess the impact of this disparate standard of review on the competitive state of each market. Evidence will be adduced showing that the looser antitrust policy pursued in the United States has produced significant anticompetitive effects in its domestic market. The thesis will conclude by offering a prospective assessment of the ways in which these disparities in antitrust enforcement are liable to affect the future evolution of the industries in the two jurisdictions, and will submit that the European approach is more suited for the preservation of effective competition." --
Download or read book A Merger That Did Not Come to Pass written by Andrea Daniel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - International Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: A-Grade with distinction, South Bank University London (Faculty for Art and Human Sciences), course: Postgraduate Course on European Policy, language: English, abstract: This essay examines the theoretical background and the practical application of the EU's "antitrust policy". As mergers are one way for firms to gain a "dominant position" in the market, the Commissionapplies the merger regulation to control such developments. The operation of this policy is analysed with the case study of a prohibited merger of "Ryan Air" and "Aer Lingus". The case also shows the high degree of legislative and executive powers the EU-institutions have gained in the significant economic area of competition policy. Although seemingly of purely economic purposes, EU competition policy serves "integrative" purposes too. "EU-Integration" can be defined as the EU-Member States voluntarily foregoing their power to formulate only national political and legal measures. Instead they formulate common policies which are determined in a coop-erative process of decision making. Cooperation can either take place in an intergovernmental framework or by transferring national sovereignty to the EU-institutions with the subsequent subjugation of national law under EU Law. Since the Treaty of Rome in 1957 expressed the determination of the European Economic Community's Member States to build an "ever closer union", economic integration parented EU-integration. With the new Treaties from the Single European Act onwards other than economic policies were added to the EU's agenda, e.g. cultural policy, foreign or security policy, but economic integration stayed a top priority. The EU's success is still believed to depend on its economic success and its ability to let the majority of the EU's citizens profit from it. Economic failure could undermine people's acceptance of the renunciation of national
Download or read book A merger that did not come to pass written by Andrea Daniel and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2009-07-13 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2009 in the subject Politics - Topic: European Union, grade: A-Grade with distinction, South Bank University London (Faculty for Art and Human Sciences), course: Postgraduate Course on European Policy, language: English, abstract: This essay examines the theoretical background and the practical application of the EU's “antitrust policy”. As mergers are one way for firms to gain a “dominant position” in the market, the Commissionapplies the merger regulation to control such developments. The operation of this policy is analysed with the case study of a prohibited merger of “Ryan Air” and “Aer Lingus”. The case also shows the high degree of legislative and executive powers the EU-institutions have gained in the significant economic area of competition policy. Although seemingly of purely economic purposes, EU competition policy serves “integrative” purposes too. “EU-Integration” can be defined as the EU-Member States voluntarily foregoing their power to formulate only national political and legal measures. Instead they formulate common policies which are determined in a coop-erative process of decision making. Cooperation can either take place in an intergovernmental framework or by transferring national sovereignty to the EU-institutions with the subsequent subjugation of national law under EU Law. Since the Treaty of Rome in 1957 expressed the determination of the European Economic Community’s Member States to build an “ever closer union”, economic integration parented EU-integration. With the new Treaties from the Single European Act onwards other than economic policies were added to the EU’s agenda, e.g. cultural policy, foreign or security policy, but economic integration stayed a top priority. The EU’s success is still believed to depend on its economic success and its ability to let the majority of the EU’s citizens profit from it. Economic failure could undermine people’s acceptance of the renunciation of national political independence. Therefore the Commission strives to ensure the Single Market’s success, among other things by applying a competition policy with merger controls.
Download or read book Airline Mergers and Cooperation in the European Community 1990 London written by P. D. Dagtoglou and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Union Competition Law in the Airline Industry written by John Milligan and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2017-04-15 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the liberalisation of air transport in the EU in the late 1980s, with the application of competition law to agreements and practices within the EU, and between EU and non-EU airlines since 2004, competition has intensifi ed and the industry has evolved, with the emergence of low cost carriers, greater consolidation between full service carriers through mergers and alliances, and most recently, convergence of business models as airlines respond to competitive pressures. The enforcement of competition law has also increased within the EU – at EU and EU member state level and internationally. This practical and thoroughly researched book, minimising the need for cross-referencing, is the only current comprehensive study of European competition law from the perspective of the airline industry. Among the issues and topics covered are the following: - commercial agreements between airlines such as code-sharing, mergers and alliances and other joint ventures; - means of distribution such as computer reservation (or global distribution) systems and travel agents; - supply and distribution agreements; - abusive conduct by dominant companies including airports, airlines, or other companies; - cartels, including the Airfreight cartel case; - information exchange between competitors; - procedure, enforcement and private actions for damages; - state aid to airlines by Governments, through agreements between regional airports and low cost carriers, and aid to airports; and - subsidies by non-EU countries to airlines. The author also gives an overview of the liberalisation process, the European Common Aviation Area, agreements with non-EU countries, latest developments (including Brexit) and ongoing trends. As a practical guide to the application of competition law in relation to drafting commercial agreements, planning and structuring mergers and alliances, assessing existing agreements, or handling claims or disputes among airlines or airports, legal practitioners in the transport fi eld will fi nd this book to be of inestimable value, as will business persons at airlines and airports. For regulators, academics, and university libraries, this book will also prove itself indispensable.
Download or read book Liberalization in Aviation written by Hartmut Wolf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last few decades have witnessed substantial liberalization trends in various industries and countries. Starting with the deregulation of the US airline industry in 1978, regulatory restructuring took place in further network industries such as telecommunications, electricity or railways in various countries around the world. Although most of the liberalization movements were initially triggered by the worrying performances of the respective regulatory frameworks, increases in competition and corresponding improvements in allocative and productive efficiency were typically associated with the respective liberalization efforts. From an academic perspective, the transition from regulated industries to liberalized industries has attracted a substantial amount of research reflected in many books and research articles which can be distilled to three main questions: (1) What are the forces that have given rise to regulatory reform? (2) What is the structure of the regulatory change which has occurred to date and is likely to occur in the immediate future? (3) What have been the effects on industry efficiency, prices and profits of the reforms which have occurred to date? Liberalization in Aviation brings together renowned academics and practitioners from around the world to address all three questions and draw policy conclusions. The book is divided into five sections, in turn dealing with aspects of competition in various liberalized markets, the emergence and growth of low-cost carriers, horizontal mergers and alliances, infrastructures, and concluding with economic assessments of liberalization steps so far and proposed steps in the future.
Download or read book The Airline Business written by Rigas Doganis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-16 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Rigas Doganis' book brings the airline industry story up to date, exploring airline mergers and alliances, price wars, the impact of disasters and the future prospects for the industry as a whole.
Download or read book International Business of the Airline Industry Strategic Alliance and the Business Tool PESTLE written by Katarzyna Szydlowska and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-04-25 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Business Management, Corporate Governance, grade: 2.1, Cardiff Metropolitan University, language: English, abstract: The purpose of this paper is to answer three questions of the case study. The text is strictly associated with the prosperity of alliances; therefore the term “strategic alliance” will be explained in the first instance. Furthermore, the business tool such as PESTLE, which is utilized to analyse the airline environment will be highlighted. It will be proven that the airlines prosperity strictly depends on political, legal, economic, social, technological and environmental factors. In addition, the alternative strategy for airlines such as mergers will be introduced. The examples of the airline mergers such as Delta-Northwest and Air France-KLM will be emphasized. Finally, the shared management, which is applied by Star Alliance, will be critically evaluated.
Download or read book Airline Choices for the Future written by Kostas Iatrou and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Airline Choices for the Future: From Alliances to Mergers offers an up-to-date assessment of the industry as it stands today, delivering a comprehensive insight into how the world of airline alliances is changing, and how the merger phenomenon is likely to fit into the new scenario. The purpose of this book is twofold. Firstly, it outlines the evolution and the reasons behind alliances between international air carriers, the alliances' track records and the way they have affected airlines and the air transport industry. Secondly, drawing on past and more recent developments in the industry, it examines the experiences airlines involved in cross-border mergers have gone through and the advantages and difficulties they have come across. Alliances and mergers are presented from both the airline and the consumer perspective. The book provides a balanced account of where mergers and alliances have taken the industry to date, bridging the gap between merger theory and implemented practices and strategies. It also identifies the challenges alliances and cross-border mergers have faced and highlights the key forces affecting airline development. Theoretical evidence is supplemented by data collected via surveys and interviews with airline executives, aviation experts, consultants and regulatory bodies.
Download or read book A Europe of the Air written by Martin Staniland and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2008 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This definitive book offers the first full study of the development of the European Union's air-transport policy. Crucial to both globalization and regional integration, commercial aviation, along with other transport industries, provides the logistics for business activities, political life, and contact between cultures. Exploring the long struggle to create a "Europe of the air" through both regulatory change and airline strategizing, Martin Staniland examines the political bargains that have shaped a highly fragmented industry and its regulation. An invaluable case-study in industrial policy, this book will be essential reading for students of aviation, as well as for scholars interested in regulatory change and European integration.
Download or read book Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry written by Steven Truxal and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-01-04 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An examination of the relationship between competition and the deregulation and liberalisation of the US and European air transport sectors reveals that the structure of the air transport sector has undergone a number of significant changes. A growing number of airlines are entering into horizontal and vertical cooperative arrangements and integration including franchising, codeshare agreements, alliances, ‘virtual mergers’ and in some cases, mergers with other airlines, groups of airlines or other complementary lines of business such as airports. This book considers the current legal issues affecting the air transport sector incorporating recent developments in the industry, including the end of certain exemptions from EU competition rules, the effect of the EU-US Open Skies Agreement, the accession of new EU Member States and the Lisbon Treaty. The book explores the differing European and US regulatory approaches to the changes in the industry and examines how airlines have remained economically efficient in what is perceived as a complex and confused regulatory environment. Competition and Regulation in the Airline Industry will be of particular interest to academics and students of competition law as well as EU law.
Download or read book European Airline Mergers written by International Foundation of Airline Passengers Associations and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Market Power Versus Efficiency Defense in the European Commission s Merger Policy Evidence on European Airline Mergers written by Adél Németh and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book European Airline Mergers Alliance Consolidation and Consumer Welfare written by Jan K. Brueckner and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EU Law on State Aid to Airlines written by Magnus Schmauch and published by Lexxion Verlagsgesellschaft. This book was released on 2012 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State intervention in air transport is omnipresent. Airlines, in particular, are major beneficiaries of State aid. This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the law regulating State aids to airlines, which includes sections on Articles 107 TFEU and 108 TFEU as well as an overview of legal issues raised by air transport and competition in the EU, in particular deregulation and its consequences. EU Law on State Aid to Airlines follows a multi-disciplinary approach by relying on the fundamental concepts of economics and policy analysis. This approach allows grasping the wider implications of this sector's issues for the field of State Aid, in particular in the light of the 'more economic approach' and the 'balancing test'. Furthermore, additional perspective is given on State aid law in the air transport sector through comparative analyses of regulations in the United States and Switzerland and outlooks on international relations. Finally, the book presents a number of recent Commission decisions with a dramatic importance for the air transport, with the opening of formal investigation procedures regarding alleged State aid to low-cost airlines operating from regional airports all over Europe. Magnus Schmauch is Legal Secretary at the EFTA Court in the Chambers of judge Pall Hreinsson. Previous experience includes four years as a lawyer at the Court of Justice of the European Union. He has published a large number of articles on State aid and other fields of EU law and teaches on EU law and fundamental rights at the University of Lund, Sweden.
