Download or read book Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing Volume 3 Particulate Matter Results written by Thomas Gerstle and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the product of a 2-year emissions testing program designed to document, characterize, and evaluate emissions from sixteen aircraft engines, two helicopter engines, and two auxiliary power units (APUs) burning JP-8 fuel. The purpose of this engine testing program was to develop emission factors for the tested engines under representative engine load conditions. All testing was performed by the Environmental Quality Management Inc. (EQ) and Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Weston) team. Testing was conducted for criteria pollutants and select hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), e.g., aldehyde/ketones and semi volatile and volatile organic compounds.
Download or read book Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing Volume 2 Detailed Sampling Approach and Results written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the product of a 2-year emissions testing program designed to document, characterize, and evaluate emissions from sixteen aircraft engines, two helicopter engines, and two auxiliary power units (APUs) burning JP-8 fuel. The purpose of this engine testing program was to develop emission factors for the tested engines under representative engine load conditions. All testing was performed by the Environmental Quality Management Inc. (EQ) and Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Weston) team. Testing was conducted for criteria pollutants and select hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), e.g., aldehyde/ketones and semi volatile and volatile organic compounds.
Download or read book Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing Volume 1 Executive Summary written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the product of a 2-year emissions testing program designed to document, characterize, and evaluate emissions from sixteen aircraft engines, two helicopter engines, and two auxiliary power units (APUs) burning JP-8 fuel. The purpose of this engine testing program was to develop emission factors for the tested engines under representative engine load conditions. All testing was performed by the Environmental Quality Management Inc. (EQ) and Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Weston) team. Testing was conducted for criteria pollutants and select hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), e.g., aldehyde/ketones and semivolatile and volatile organic compounds.
Download or read book Fort Lewis and Yakima Training Center Fort Lewis Army Growth and Force Structure Realignment written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book New Bedford Regional Airport Improvements Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Measuring Particulate Matter Emissions from Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units Tires and Brakes written by Prem Lobo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 97: Measuring PM Emissions from Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units, Tires, and Brakes presents the results of a comprehensive test program designed to measure particulate matter (PM) emissions from auxiliary power units and from tires and brakes during the landing phase of operations of in-service commercial aircraft. The research results are designed to provide a significant contribution to the characterization of emissions from these sources with the goal of helping airports improve the accuracy of their PM emissions inventories."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 1134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aircraft Engine and Auxiliary Power Unit Emissions Testing Final Report Addendum F119 PW 100 Engine Emissions Testing Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is the product of a 5 year emissions testing program designed to document, characterize, and evaluate emissions from seventeen aircraft engines, two helicopter engines, and two auxiliary power units (APUs) burning JP-8 fuel. The purpose of this engine testing program was to develop emission factors for the tested engines under representative engine load conditions. All testing was performed by the Environmental Quality Management, Inc. (EQ) and Roy F. Weston, Inc. (Weston) team. Testing was conducted for criteria pollutants and select hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), e.g., aldehyde/ketones and semivolatile and volatile organic compounds.
Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indexes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exhaust Emissions from Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines written by National Industrial Pollution Control Council and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.
Download or read book Procedure for the Calculation of Aircraft Emissions written by A-21 Aircraft Noise Measurement Aviation Emission Modeling and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This AIR describes procedures for calculating emissions resulting from the main engines of commercial jet and turboprop aircraft through all modes of operation for all segments of a flight. Piston engine aircraft emissions are not included in this AIR. Some information about piston engine aircraft emissions can be found in FOCA 2007. The principal purpose of the procedures is to assist model developers in calculating aircraft emissions in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements.The pollutants considered in this document are: Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Total unburned Hydrocarbons (THC) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Water (H2O) Sulfur Oxides (SOx) Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Methane (CH4) Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC) Nitrous Oxide (N2O) Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10)As indicated above, hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are not individually accounted for; many of these are simply included as part of THC. Also, trace metals are not included other than those that may already be accounted for as part of PM emissions. Since the scope is limited to aircraft engine emissions only, emissions from Ground Service Equipment (GSE), roadway vehicles, power plants, training fires, etc., are not included within this document. Athough Auxilliary Power Units (APU), brakes, and tires are also part of the aircraft, their emissions (e.g., tire wear) are not within the scope of this document.The methods are based on aircraft performance and emissions modeling. This means that only the pollutants exiting the exhaust of an engine are considered. Any atmospheric effects including those that occur in the near-field (e.g., exhaust plume) and the subsequent atmospheric dispersion are not modeled. The exception to this is in the computation of PM emissions.In meeting the needs of modelers who may have varying fidelity requirements for both emissions and aircraft performance modeling, this document does not try to promote a single database and methodology. Therefore, several methods have been included in this document as indicated below with the emissions methods categorized by pollutants: Emissions Modeling Methods NOx, CO, and THC P3T3 Boeing Fuel Flow Method 2 (BFFM2) Deutsche Forschungsanstalt fur Luft- and Raumfahrt (DLR) Method International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Reference Method CO2, H2O, and SOx Fuel Composition Method (FCM) VOC, NMVOC, CH4 and NMTHC Derivative Factor Method (DFM) N2O Approximate Factor Method (AFM) PM2.5 and PM10 First Order Approximation (FOA) Aircraft Performance Methods Aircraft performance data from flight data recorders Manufacturer aircraft performance models SAE AIR 1845 combined with Eurocontrol's Base of Aircraft Data (BADA) Eurocontrol's BADA Other aircraft performance models such as the Project Interactive Analysis and Optimisation (PIANO) toolBoth of these sets of emissions and aircraft performance methods are listed in the order in which they are presented in this document. And as previously indicated, the order generally denotes the level of accuracy where the first method in each section represents the most accurate method based on current understanding. The exceptions to this are:Emissions Methods BFFM2 DLRAircraft Performance SAE 1845 + BADA BADAThe ordering of these methods are arbitrary since they are considered comparable (e.g., BFFM2 is comparable to DLR). One other possible exception is the last listing under aircraft performance methods ("Other aircraft performance models"). The data from these other sources may be more accurate, comparable, or less accurate than the previously mentioned methods. This last category was added to include all other methods that were not based on manufacturer, SAE 1845, and BADA models.In order to provide a better understanding of the relative condition of these methods, they have been defined into development status (i.e., "mature" or "developing") and fidelity (i.e., "simple," "intermediate," or "advanced") categories as presented in Table 1. The "other" aircraft model category was not included in Table 1 since it is understood that it can be listed in any of the categories depending on which method/model is employed. The definitions for each of the categories are as follows: In modeling aircraft performance and emissions, the main focus is on a single flight. This includes the complete operation and movement of the aircraft from gate-to-gate: Main engine start-up Ground taxi-out and delay activities Takeoff: Runway roll Takeoff: Initial ascent Climbout En route/cruise Airborne delay activities Approach Landing roll Thrust reverser Ground taxi-in and delay activities Engine shut-downFor modeling purposes, these modes can generally be simplified so that they are equated to one of the four LTO modes. Depending on the method, the actual modeling of the gate-to-gate movement may involve a segment-by-segment approach where results can be integrated to obtain totals by mode and flight. Currently, the AIR does not address emissions during engine start-up and shut-down activities. Also, thrust reverse operations are not directly covered in this AIR. This Aerospace Information Report (AIR) describes procedures for calculating emissions resulting from operations of jet and turboprop aircraft through all modes of operation. The procedures assume that reference emissions and performance data are available for each airplane involved. The fundamental element of the procedures is a method for deriving emissions indices for an airplane when performing any specified operation for a segment of a flight. The principal purpose of using the procedures is to assist model developers in calculating aircraft emissions in a consistent and accurate manner that can be used to address various environmental assessments including those related to policy decisions and regulatory requirements.Rather than presenting one method, many viable methods are presented for both emissions and aircraft performance modeling with descriptions of the uncertainties involved. As a loose guide to the user, the methods are also ordered such that the most accurate methods are presented first in each section based on current understanding. This document is intended to be updated periodically. Hence, the methodology descriptions and uncertainty assessments will be modified accordingly as the various methods evolve and new information becomes available.
Download or read book Measuring PM Emissions from Aircraft Auxiliary Power Units Tires and Brakes written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Reports Bibliography Quarterly written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A listing of EPA reports entered into the National Technical Information Service.
Download or read book EPA Cumulative Bibliography 1970 1976 written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Library Systems Branch and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
