Download or read book Air Quality Degradation Assessment Due to Traffic and Industrial Pollution written by Naheed Akhtar and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Pakistan air pollution is increasing at an alarming rate that poses some serious threats to health issues. Dust and smoke particles are generally twice the world average and five times higher than the developed world but unfortunately no serious action has yet been taken in this concern. This book has been completed with the help of literature review and field testing by the help of portable digital detectors. The available data on air quality for the twin cities of Pakistan (Rawalpindi/Islamabad), especially information regarding input sources were collected from all the relevant organizations/departments and after that the actual `experimental work was done. Analysis of collected data was carried out in general to signify background of air quality in these cities. Different points with respect to traffic and industrial loads were selected and tested for different selected parameters. After that a thorough experimental research work was carried out on these locations to study the air quality. Air quality degradation due to road transportation and industrialization trend was checked in the field. Effects of traffic flow on air quality in these cities due to increase in number of vehicles per year was studied experimentally for better understanding of the phenomena. Sampling was performed in detailed to check the quantity of CO2, NOx, HC and CO etc. As per study of JICA in the year 2000, examination of SO2, CO, SPM data shows pollution levels exceeding the international standards. The research work done showed gradual increase in the air pollution in both cities with a percentage of 10% to 15%. Experimental work presented in the graphical form and computer models in the book based on excel sheet proposed on the collected data. Proper solutions are proposed in the book to improve the air quality in these cities. Results mentioned were analyzed graphically to explore the trends through interpolation estimated value of these pollutants which are predicted to highlight the fact that air pollution is on increase and immediate actions must be taken to restrain air pollution level to their minimum. At the end of this book recommendations are given to curtail air pollution levels in the capital city area of Pakistan.
Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. - Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP's public health impacts - Examines TRAP's health effects at the population level - Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP - Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects
Download or read book Health Effects of Transport related Air Pollution written by Michal Krzyzanowski and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases related to the air pollution caused by road transport affect tens of thousands of people in the WHO Europe region each year. This publication considers the policy challenges involved in the need to reduce the related risks to public health and the environment, whilst meeting socio-economic requirements for effective transport systems. It sets out a systematic review of the literature and a comprehensive evaluation of the health hazards of transport-related air pollution, including factors determining emissions, the contribution of traffic to pollution levels, human exposure and the results of epidemiological and toxicological studies to identify and measure the health effects, and suggestions for policy actions and further research.
Download or read book Traffic related Air Pollution written by Health Effects Institute. Panel on the Health Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Urban Air Pollution in Asian Cities written by Dieter Schwela and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution has become part of the daily existence of many people who work, live and use the streets in Asian cities. Each day millions of city dwellers breathe air polluted with concentrations of chemicals, smoke and particles that dramatically exceed World Health Organization guideline values. Deteriorating air quality has resulted in significant impacts on human health and environment in Asia. This book provides a comprehensive and comparative assessment of the current status and challenges in urban air pollution management in 20 cities in the Asian region. It examines the effects on human health and the environment and future implications for planning, transport and energy sectors. National and local governments have begun to develop air quality management strategies to address the deterioration in urban air quality; however, the scope and effectiveness of such strategies vary widely. This book benchmarks these air quality management strategies, examines successes and failures in these cities and presents strategies for improving air quality management in cities across Asia and the rest of our rapidly urbanizing world. Information on air quality in Asia is clearly presented with easy-to-read city profiles, tables and graphs. This is an essential resource for all those concerned with urban air quality management, not just in Asia but in cities across our rapidly urbanizing world. Cities covered Bangkok, Beijing, Busan, Colombo, Dhaka, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Jakarta, Kathmandu, Kolkata, Metro Manila, Mumbai, New Delhi, Seoul, Shanghai, Singapore, Surabaya, Taipei and Tokyo
Download or read book WHO global air quality guidelines written by Weltgesundheitsorganisation and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of these updated global guidelines is to offer health-based air quality guideline levels, expressed as long-term or short-term concentrations for six key air pollutants: PM2.5, PM10, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. In addition, the guidelines provide interim targets to guide reduction efforts of these pollutants, as well as good practice statements for the management of certain types of PM (i.e., black carbon/elemental carbon, ultrafine particles, particles originating from sand and duststorms). These guidelines are not legally binding standards; however, they provide WHO Member States with an evidence-informed tool, which they can use to inform legislation and policy. Ultimately, the goal of these guidelines is to help reduce levels of air pollutants in order to decrease the enormous health burden resulting from the exposure to air pollution worldwide.
Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution and Exposure in Urbanized Areas written by Bernard Połednik and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-25 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-related pollutions, apart from the emissions from other anthropogenic sources, significantly decrease the air quality in cities. This is especially true in the case of the areas located in the vicinity of communication routes with high traffic intensity. In accordance with the epidemiological studies, the transport emissions affecting road users, both drivers and pedestrians, have a detrimental effect on health and may contribute to numerous serious illnesses. This work presents the characteristics of traffic-related pollution and the factors affecting its concentration in the air. The effects of exposure to traffic-related pollution on health are described as well. The transport emissions in Lublin, Poland, are discussed in detail. The results of previous studies on traffic-related environmental pollution are presented, including pollutant concentrations as well as exposures of drivers and pedestrians along one of the busiest roads. The studies account for different seasons and weather conditions. The methods of reducing traffic-related pollution and prospects for improving the urban air quality are described as well. This book is intended for academics, researchers, engineers and professionals involved in studies and assessment of the road transport impact on the environment.
Download or read book Air Pollution written by Bhola R. Gurjar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution is recognized as one of the leading contributors to the global environmental burden of disease, even in countries with relatively low concentrations of air pollution. Air Pollution: Health and Environmental Impacts examines the effect of this complex problem on human health and the environment in different settings around the world. I
Download or read book Urban Traffic Pollution written by Dietrich Schwela and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-11-12 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noise and air pollution from motor vehicles have a major impact on the physical and mental well-being of urban residents worldwide. Although control measures have already been implemented in most developed countries, noise and air pollution have only recently become major problems in many developing countries, as rapid industrial growth, population
Download or read book Road Traffic and Air Quality in Cities written by Luis Carlos Belalcazar and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-07 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, one of the most important environmental problems in urban areas is air pollution. Road traffic is one of the main sources of pollution in cities. Besides, vehicular emissions are released in close proximity to population, increasing the adverse health effects. However, existing techniques to assess this source of pollution are not always accurate. It is essential to develop methodologies to reduce these uncertainties to manage air quality more effectively. In this work we present new methods to estimate and evaluate road traffic emissions. The developed methods were tested in a city from the developing world, in such cities road traffic emissions are highly uncertain and existing methods to estimate these emissions are expensive and difficult to afford. This research focuses on the study of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), a family of pollutants that have not been sufficiently studied in the urban air quality. All the techniques presented in this work offer several advantages. Data obtained serve for different purposes at the same time and their use can provide valuable information for urban air quality assessment.
Download or read book America s Climate Choices written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-11 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring. It is very likely caused by the emission of greenhouse gases from human activities, and poses significant risks for a range of human and natural systems. And these emissions continue to increase, which will result in further change and greater risks. America's Climate Choices makes the case that the environmental, economic, and humanitarian risks posed by climate change indicate a pressing need for substantial action now to limit the magnitude of climate change and to prepare for adapting to its impacts. Although there is some uncertainty about future risk, acting now will reduce the risks posed by climate change and the pressure to make larger, more rapid, and potentially more expensive reductions later. Most actions taken to reduce vulnerability to climate change impacts are common sense investments that will offer protection against natural climate variations and extreme events. In addition, crucial investment decisions made now about equipment and infrastructure can "lock in" commitments to greenhouse gas emissions for decades to come. Finally, while it may be possible to scale back or reverse many responses to climate change, it is difficult or impossible to "undo" climate change, once manifested. Current efforts of local, state, and private-sector actors are important, but not likely to yield progress comparable to what could be achieved with the addition of strong federal policies that establish coherent national goals and incentives, and that promote strong U.S. engagement in international-level response efforts. The inherent complexities and uncertainties of climate change are best met by applying an iterative risk management framework and making efforts to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions; prepare for adapting to impacts; invest in scientific research, technology development, and information systems; and facilitate engagement between scientific and technical experts and the many types of stakeholders making America's climate choices.
Download or read book Advancing the Science of Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-10 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is occurring, is caused largely by human activities, and poses significant risks for-and in many cases is already affecting-a broad range of human and natural systems. The compelling case for these conclusions is provided in Advancing the Science of Climate Change, part of a congressionally requested suite of studies known as America's Climate Choices. While noting that there is always more to learn and that the scientific process is never closed, the book shows that hypotheses about climate change are supported by multiple lines of evidence and have stood firm in the face of serious debate and careful evaluation of alternative explanations. As decision makers respond to these risks, the nation's scientific enterprise can contribute through research that improves understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change and also is useful to decision makers at the local, regional, national, and international levels. The book identifies decisions being made in 12 sectors, ranging from agriculture to transportation, to identify decisions being made in response to climate change. Advancing the Science of Climate Change calls for a single federal entity or program to coordinate a national, multidisciplinary research effort aimed at improving both understanding and responses to climate change. Seven cross-cutting research themes are identified to support this scientific enterprise. In addition, leaders of federal climate research should redouble efforts to deploy a comprehensive climate observing system, improve climate models and other analytical tools, invest in human capital, and improve linkages between research and decisions by forming partnerships with action-oriented programs.
Download or read book Measuring Environmental Degradation written by Anil Markandya and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measuring Environmental Degradation is a unique book that provides a comprehensive yet concise overview of the key issues of environmental significance addressed as part of the Eurostat 'Environmental Pressure Indicators Project'. The book is part of the 'Towards Environmental Pressure Indicators for the EU' (TEPI) series that has resulted from the project.
Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.
Download or read book The Inside Story written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Pollution from Ground Transportation written by Roger Gorham and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing awareness of the role of the transport sector in efforts aimed at achieving sustainable development. Transport poses a dilemma in that it is necessary for economic and social development, yet it accounts for about 25 per cent of total commercial energy consumed worldwide, and is associated with greenhouse gas emissions, noise pollution and land use impacts. Demand for transport services is expected to grow considerably as economic growth occurs in developing countries and the trend toward urbanisation and globalisation in world trade continues. This report was prepared as part of the activities of the joint United Nations/World Bank project entitled Global Initiatives on Transport Emissions (GITE), and seeks to provide guidance to policy makers on sustainable transport development in both developed and developing countries.
