Download or read book Traffic Related Air Pollution written by Haneen Khreis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic-Related Air Pollution synthesizes and maps TRAP and its impact on human health at the individual and population level. The book analyzes mitigating standards and regulations with a focus on cities. It provides the methods and tools for assessing and quantifying the associated road traffic emissions, air pollution, exposure and population-based health impacts, while also illuminating the mechanisms underlying health impacts through clinical and toxicological research. Real-world implications are set alongside policy options, emerging technologies and best practices. Finally, the book recommends ways to influence discourse and policy to better account for the health impacts of TRAP and its societal costs. - Overviews existing and emerging tools to assess TRAP's public health impacts - Examines TRAP's health effects at the population level - Explores the latest technologies and policies--alongside their potential effectiveness and adverse consequences--for mitigating TRAP - Guides on how methods and tools can leverage teaching, practice and policymaking to ameliorate TRAP and its effects

Download or read book Transportation Controls to Reduce Automobile Use and Improve Air Quality in Cities written by Joel L. Horowitz and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Decision Making in the Field of Transport Investments written by Veli Himanen and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book COVID 19 Urban Transportation and Air Pollution written by Juan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantifying the effect of transportation on urban air pollution is challenging because decisions to travel are endogenous to air quality. The spread of COVID-19 offers a unique opportunity for causal identification, as the pandemic directly affects decisions to travel and choices of transportation modes but has little direct effect on air pollution. Leveraging the number of COVID-19 infections and COVID-19-related queries to search engines as instruments, we quantify the effects of three public transportation subsectors (buses, railways, and taxis) and private vehicles on six primary air pollutants in 36 central cities of China. The results demonstrate that the negative effects of urban transportation on air quality are likely to be significantly underestimated without addressing endogeneity in the observational data. After addressing endogeneity, the findings show that every 1% increase in the passenger volume of public transportation and in the congestion index results in a 0.039% and 0.368% increase in the synthesized air pollution index. Further, our estimates indicate that the effects are heterogeneous across transportation modes and air pollutants. Notably, our work shows that air pollution shifts the demand from mass transportation (i.e., buses) to taxis, which tends to further aggravate pollution.

Download or read book Transportation Decision Making written by Kumares C. Sinha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-09 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This pioneering text provides a holistic approach to decisionmaking in transportation project development and programming, whichcan help transportation professionals to optimize their investmentchoices. The authors present a proven set of methodologies forevaluating transportation projects that ensures that all costs andimpacts are taken into consideration. The text's logical organization gets readers started with asolid foundation in basic principles and then progressively buildson that foundation. Topics covered include: Developing performance measures for evaluation, estimatingtravel demand, and costing transportation projects Performing an economic efficiency evaluation that accounts forsuch factors as travel time, safety, and vehicle operatingcosts Evaluating a project's impact on economic development and landuse as well as its impact on society and culture Assessing a project's environmental impact, including airquality, noise, ecology, water resources, and aesthetics Evaluating alternative projects on the basis of multipleperformance criteria Programming transportation investments so that resources can beoptimally allocated to meet facility-specific and system-widegoals Each chapter begins with basic definitions and concepts followedby a methodology for impact assessment. Relevant legislation isdiscussed and available software for performing evaluations ispresented. At the end of each chapter, readers are providedresources for detailed investigation of particular topics. Theseinclude Internet sites and publications of international anddomestic agencies and research institutions. The authors alsoprovide a companion Web site that offers updates, data foranalysis, and case histories of project evaluation and decisionmaking. Given that billions of dollars are spent each year ontransportation systems in the United States alone, and that thereis a need for thorough and rational evaluation and decision makingfor cost-effective system preservation and improvement, this textshould be on the desks of all transportation planners, engineers,and educators. With exercises in every chapter, this text is anideal coursebook for the subject of transportation systems analysisand evaluation.

Download or read book Measuring the Effects of Urban Transportation Policies on the Environment written by Alan J. Krupnick and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air pollution from urban travel is influenced by travel demand -- by its distribution among models, by congestion levels, and by the characteristics of vehicles and fuels. How well do existing models evaluate the effect of different policies, especially on welfare and on air pollution?

Download or read book Transport the Environment and Sustainable Development written by D. Banister and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current thinking from leading authorities worldwide on transport and the environment and focuses on the link between transport supply and use and environmental degradation.

Download or read book Incorporating air pollution impacts in the urban transportation corridor planning model written by Edward K. Morlok and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Justice Transportation written by Shannon Cairns and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental justice is an increasingly important element of policymaking in transportation and is fundamentally about fairness toward the disadvantaged, often addressing the exclusion of racial and ethnic minorities from decisionmaking. This handbook is intended to help those who are new to transportation decision processes influence how environmental justice is incorporated into decisions about transportation policy and projects. Various approaches to environmental justice are discussed, along with steps in the planning process when citizen involvement is particularly effective, suggestions for how environmental justice can be included in a project, and legal requirements for environmental justice implementation.

Download or read book Transportation Systems and Service Policy written by John G. Schoon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The many aspects of urban transportation planning and design demand a multi faceted approach to ensure responsive, economical, and environmentally sensi tive facilities that enhance mobility. Yet all too easily the complexity of the process can obscure the major elements. This book aims at assisting the analyst to provide decision makers with a range of solutions by illustrating how service policies regarding quality of service, fares, investment levels, and environmental impacts affect and are affected by each other. This book, therefore, concentrates on the process of planning and design. It addresses the major elements of urban transportation planning, design, and impact estimation, and offers practice in undertaking typical projects. It focuses on the linkages and interaction with public policy regarding user service levels, and the resulting design and impacts. The process is illustrated by (1) outlining the individual transportation analysis and design techniques and their linkages, (2) describing the planning and design process, from population changes affect ing demand and mobility needs to estimation of air pollution and energy use impacts that are instrumental in shaping public policy and strategic planning, (3) presenting examples of transportation design projects showing how service policy may affect the physical and operational design of multimodal, urban trans portation systems, (4) enabling the readers to obtain practice in basic, applied transportation analysis, design, and impact estimation by defining the key service policy variables of projects for solution, and (5) familiarizing the reader with

Download or read book Transportation Urban Form and the Environment written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1991 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference, sponsored by the Federal Highway Administration and the Transportation Research Board, examined the options available for maintaining future urban mobility. Its purpose was to bring together experts to (1) review the status of our current knowledge with respect to recent historical trends in urban development and transportation and their interaction with economic and demographic forces, (2) discuss solutions and innovative institutional and technical approaches to provide for future urban mobility, and (3) identify research needs to aid in the analysis, development, and implementation of such solutions. Resource papers were commissioned on the following topics: housing and jobs; financing; decision making; energy and environment; options; and urban design.

Download or read book An Outline of Transportation Related Requirements for Compliance with the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 written by Amy Stephenson and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-05 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation-related tasks of meeting air quality goals are significant because mobile sources may account for as much as 50% of the ozone and 90% of the carbon monoxide pollution on a national scale. This study contains an outline of the transportation-related requirements for emission inventories, State Implementation Plan submittals, implementation strategies, and possible sanctions for failure to meet the requirements, focusing on four urban areas in Texas that are in non-attainment for various pollutants. Included are a listing of acronyms used and suggested guidance documents.

Download or read book Environmental and Behavioral Perspectives of Active Transportation written by Yicong Yang and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation addresses three gaps in the existing literature: the unexplained ineffectiveness of built environment interventions, the preferences for active travel behavior under a combination of environmental benefits and risks, and the pathways from active transportation investments to behavioral change. Three studies are designed to address these gaps, with broad implications for public health, environmental justice, transportation equity, and travel behavior research, offering insights for more effective policy and planning initiatives. The first study is a systematic review of planning and public health literature worldwide, with a particular focus on null or unexpected behavioral outcomes resulting from changes in the built environment interventions. The literature analysis offers four perspectives that shed light on why large-scale infrastructure development tends to be less successful, including considerations of individuals' activity budgets, the time required for interventions to become effective, regional context variations, and behavioral change mechanisms. Active transportation infrastructure provides opportunities for physical activity and improves health, but adverse environmental conditions like air pollution, traffic hazards, and urban heat islands can be deterrents to active travel behavior. The second study conducts a stated preference survey on a representative sample of 3,000 adults in the US and uses discrete choice modeling to explore how street users trade off health benefits and risks of utility and leisure walking. Data analysis reveals that poor air quality is the most significant concern for pedestrians, and respondents prioritize a comfortable temperature. Moreover, the study contributes to the environmental justice literature by uncovering that disadvantaged population groups have lower expectations of favorable environmental quality when making travel decisions. The third study compiles a longitudinal dataset covering 260 Core-Based Statistical Areas across the United States by integrating multiple data sources. It aims to examine the pathways from active transportation investments to active travel and overall physical activity. The study also explores the potential mediation effects of pedestrian and bicycle fatality variables along this pathway. The findings indicate that federal funding appropriation for active transportation projects alone is inadequate to bring about significant changes in active transportation outcomes. The mediation analysis also reveals no significant pathways, indicating that pedestrian and bicycle fatalities do not display a significant association with both federal-level active transportation investment and active travel behaviors.

Download or read book Health Effects of Transport related Air Pollution written by Michal Krzyzanowski and published by WHO Regional Office Europe. This book was released on 2005 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases related to the air pollution caused by road transport affect tens of thousands of people in the WHO Europe region each year. This publication considers the policy challenges involved in the need to reduce the related risks to public health and the environment, whilst meeting socio-economic requirements for effective transport systems. It sets out a systematic review of the literature and a comprehensive evaluation of the health hazards of transport-related air pollution, including factors determining emissions, the contribution of traffic to pollution levels, human exposure and the results of epidemiological and toxicological studies to identify and measure the health effects, and suggestions for policy actions and further research.

Download or read book FHWA Nationally Coordinated Program of Highway Research Development and Technology Annual Progress Report Fiscal Year 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Community and Environmental Factors in Transportation Planning Transportation system planning and community and environmental values written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Transportation and Community Values Project and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Guidelines for Assessing the Environmental Impact of Public Mass Transportation Projects Notebook 5 Environmental Assessment Reference Book Final Report written by Andrew C. Lemer and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: