Download or read book AI systems and non contractual liability e Book written by CAPPIELLO BENEDETTA and published by G Giappichelli Editore. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of AI-systems has fundamentally altered the fabric of society as a whole and is set to change our daily lives as well as human and legal relationships between private parties. This book focuses on the non-contractual obligations which arise out of the development and use of AI-systems; both EU substantive and private international law (PIL) provisions on civil liability will be scrutinized. Particularly, the book aims identify a legal framework for AI-systems, characterized as product, following a de lege lata and de lege ferenda approach. The analysis wants to argue that private international law provisions can be an effective tool to achieve the results pursued by the corresponding substantive provisions, and that both substantive and PIL provisions should be ethically oriented and ensure the protection of fundamental rights. The concluding remarks envisages a new direction of European private international law provisions towards a more human-rights oriented approach.

Download or read book AI systems and non contractual liability written by CAPPIELLO BENEDETTA and published by G Giappichelli Editore. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of AI-systems has fundamentally altered the fabric of society as a whole and is set to change our daily lives as well as human and legal relationships between private parties. This book focuses on the non-contractual obligations which arise out of the development and use of AI-systems; both EU substantive and private international law (PIL) provisions on civil liability will be scrutinized. Particularly, the book aims identify a legal framework for AI-systems, characterized as product, following a de lege lata and de lege ferenda approach. The analysis wants to argue that private international law provisions can be an effective tool to achieve the results pursued by the corresponding substantive provisions, and that both substantive and PIL provisions should be ethically oriented and ensure the protection of fundamental rights. The concluding remarks envisages a new direction of European private international law provisions towards a more human-rights oriented approach.

Download or read book Non Contractual Liability Applicable to Artificial Intelligence written by Henrique Sousa Antunes and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 28 September 2022, the European Commission published proposals for revision of the legal rules on product liability and regulation of non-contractual liability for damage caused by the use of artificial intelligence. The two texts have convergent purposes, but are structured around different types of liability. The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the application of the principle of subsidiarity to European regulation of compensation for damage attributable to artificial intelligence requires more than adjustments to fault-based liability, with the necessary creation of compensation funds for injuries caused by high-risk artificial intelligence systems. The conclusion is supported by an analysis of the relationship between the innovation principle and the precautionary principle in the regulation of artificial intelligence and by the specific features of this emerging digital technology.

Download or read book Algorithms and Law written by Martin Ebers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring issues from big-data to robotics, this volume is the first to comprehensively examine the regulatory implications of AI technology.

Download or read book Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence written by Anna Beckers and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Download or read book Liability for AI Decision Making written by Eric Tjong Tjin Tai and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is as yet no generally recognised ground of liability for decision-making by AI. This chapter discusses the available grounds of liability (including vicarious liability and negligence) in different jurisdictions, the conditions for their application, and the issues that arise when trying to decide on liability for AI decision-making. Several related grounds of liability that are not directly applicable (such as liability for animals) will be discussed as providing a model for future law. The focus is on tort liability, with only a few remarks dedicated to contractual liability. The chapter concentrates on AI systems embedded in organizations, not on robots or autonomous vehicles. Particular attention is devoted to the role of the surrounding organization in containing possible risks that may arise when decisions are made by AI.

Download or read book Liability for Crimes Involving Artificial Intelligence Systems written by Gabriel Hallevy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book develops a general legal theory concerning the liability for offenses involving artificial intelligence systems. The involvement of the artificial intelligence systems in these offenses may be as perpetrators, accomplices or mere instruments. The general legal theory proposed in this book is based on the current criminal law in most modern legal systems. In most modern countries, unmanned vehicles, sophisticated surgical systems, industrial computing systems, trading algorithms and other artificial intelligence systems are commonly used for both industrial and personal purposes. The question of legal liability arises when something goes wrong, e.g. the unmanned vehicle is involved in a car accident, the surgical system is involved in a surgical error or the trading algorithm is involved in fraud, etc. Who is to be held liable for these offenses: the manufacturer, the programmer, the user, or, perhaps, the artificial intelligence system itself? The concept of liability for crimes involving artificial intelligence systems has not yet been widely researched. Advanced technologies are forcing society to face new challenges, both technical and legal. The idea of liability in the specific context of artificial intelligence systems is one such challenge that should be thoroughly explored.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Law written by Jan De Bruyne and published by KU Leuven Centre for IT & IP Law Series. This book was released on 2022-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this comprehensive book, scholars critically examine how AI systems may impact Belgian law. While specific topics of Belgian private and public law are thoroughly addressed, the book also provides a general overview of a number of regulatory and ethical AI evolutions and tendencies in the European Union. In this second edition various chapters have been updated to reflect recent developments in the field. Two chapters covering media law and competition law have also been added.

Download or read book Beyond Intellect and Reasoning written by Acres A Stowe and published by . This book was released on 2022-02-14 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to draw readers' attention to various legal intricacies associated with deploying self-directed artificial intelligence systems (AIS), particularly emphasizing the limits of the law, vis-a-vis liability problems that may emerge within third-party contracts. With the advent of today's ostensive "Amazon Halo or Alexa," consumers are having to conclude contracts (e.g., sale of goods and distant financial services) in much more complex (cybernetic) environments. Generally, with one party acting in the capacity of a human being while the other (as an autonomous thing/device [AIS] with capabilities well beyond that of humans) representing the interests of others (not just other humans). Yet traditional jurisprudence is limited in scope for holding these systems legally accountable if they were to malfunction and cause harm. Interestingly, within the judicial system itself, the use of AIS is more prevalent now, including within the criminal justice system in some jurisdictions. In the United States, for instance, AIS algorithms are utilized to determine sentencing and bail processing. Still, jurists find themselves limited to traditional legal methodologies and tools when tackling novel situations brought about by these systems. For example, traditional strict liability concept, as applied in tort law, typically ties responsibility to the person(s) (e.g., AIS developers) influencing the decision-making process. In contract law, particularly where third parties are concerned, AIS are equated to tools for the purposes of traditional strict liability rules. Thus, binding anyone on whose behalf they would have acted (irrespective of whether such acts were intentional or foreseeable).

Download or read book The Laws of Robots written by Ugo Pagallo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores how the design, construction, and use of robotics technology may affect today’s legal systems and, more particularly, matters of responsibility and agency in criminal law, contractual obligations, and torts. By distinguishing between the behaviour of robots as tools of human interaction, and robots as proper agents in the legal arena, jurists will have to address a new generation of “hard cases.” General disagreement may concern immunity in criminal law (e.g., the employment of robot soldiers in battle), personal accountability for certain robots in contracts (e.g., robo-traders), much as clauses of strict liability and negligence-based responsibility in extra-contractual obligations (e.g., service robots in tort law). Since robots are here to stay, the aim of the law should be to wisely govern our mutual relationships.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence and the Law written by Jan De Bruyne and published by Intersentia. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly more prevalent in our daily social and professional lives. Although AI systems and robots bring many benefits, they present several challenges as well. The autonomous and opaque nature of AI systems implies that their commercialisation will affect the legal and regulatory framework.0In this comprehensive book, scholars critically examine how AI systems may impact Belgian law. It contains contributions on consumer protection, contract law, liability, data protection, procedural law, insurance, health, intellectual property, arbitration, lethal autonomous weapons, tax law, employment law, ethics,?While specific topics of Belgian private and public law are thoroughly addressed, the book also provides a general overview of a number of regulatory and ethical AI evolutions and tendencies in the European Union. Therefore, it is a must-read for legal scholars, practitioners and government officials as well as for anyone with an interest in law and AI.

Download or read book An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI written by Christoph Bartneck and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.

Download or read book Algorithmic Governance and Governance of Algorithms written by Martin Ebers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Algorithms are now widely employed to make decisions that have increasingly far-reaching impacts on individuals and society as a whole (“algorithmic governance”), which could potentially lead to manipulation, biases, censorship, social discrimination, violations of privacy, property rights, and more. This has sparked a global debate on how to regulate AI and robotics (“governance of algorithms”). This book discusses both of these key aspects: the impact of algorithms, and the possibilities for future regulation.

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence written by Larry A. DiMatteo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 1230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technology and application of artificial intelligence (AI) throughout society continues to grow at unprecedented rates, which raises numerous legal questions that to date have been largely unexamined. Although AI now plays a role in almost all areas of society, the need for a better understanding of its impact, from legal and ethical perspectives, is pressing, and regulatory proposals are urgently needed. This book responds to these needs, identifying the issues raised by AI and providing practical recommendations for regulatory, technical, and theoretical frameworks aimed at making AI compatible with existing legal rules, principles, and democratic values. An international roster of authors including professors of specialized areas of law, technologists, and practitioners bring their expertise to the interdisciplinary nature of AI.

Download or read book Legal and Ethical Challenges of Artificial Intelligence from an International Law Perspective written by Themistoklis Tzimas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the legal regulation, mainly from an international law perspective, of autonomous artificial intelligence systems, of their creations, as well as of the interaction of human and artificial intelligence. It examines critical questions regarding both the ontology of autonomous AI systems and the legal implications: what constitutes an autonomous AI system and what are its unique characteristics? How do they interact with humans? What would be the implications of combined artificial and human intelligence? It also explores potentially the most important questions: what are the implications of these developments for collective security –from both a state-centered and a human perspective, as well as for legal systems? Why is international law better positioned to make such determinations and to create a universal framework for this new type of legal personality? How can the matrix of obligations and rights of this new legal personality be construed and what would be the repercussions for the international community? In order to address these questions, the book discusses cognitive aspects embedded in the framework of law, offering insights based on both de lege lata and de lege ferenda perspectives.

Download or read book Legal Knowledge and Information Systems written by M. Araszkiewicz and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the application of machine learning tools to legally relevant tasks has become much more prevalent, and the growing influence of AI in the legal sphere has prompted the profession to take more of an interest in the explainability, trustworthiness, and responsibility of intelligent systems. This book presents the proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Legal Knowledge and Information Systems (JURIX 2019), held in Madrid, Spain, from 11 to 13 December 2019. Traditionally focused on legal knowledge representation and engineering, computational models of legal reasoning, and analyses of legal data, more recently the conference has also encompassed the use of machine learning tools. A total of 81 submissions were received for the conference, of which 14 were selected as full papers and 17 as short papers. A further 3 submissions were accepted as demo presentations, resulting in a total acceptance rate of 41.98%, with a competitive 25.5% acceptance rate for full papers. The 34 papers presented here cover a broad range of topics, from computational models of legal argumentation, case-based reasoning, legal ontologies, and evidential reasoning, through classification of different types of text in legal documents and comparing similarities, to the relevance of judicial decisions to issues of governmental transparency. The book will be of interest to all those whose work involves the use of knowledge and information systems in the legal sphere.

Download or read book The Economics of Artificial Intelligence written by Ajay Agrawal and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system.