Download or read book Agronomic Performance of Grain Sorghum Hybrids Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Under Several Environments as a Function of Their Male Parent Selection written by Mohamed Samy Abd El-Fatth Mostafa and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agronomic Genetic and Genomic Approaches for Predicting Heterosis in Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Frank Maulana and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The approach used to identify inbred lines that can produce superior hybrids is costly and time-consuming. It requires creation of all possible crosses and evaluation of the crosses to estimate combining abilities for the desired traits. Predicting heterosis or hybrid performance in any way possible may help to reduce the number of crosses to be made and evaluated. In this study, four sets of experiments were conducted to determine whether heterosis can be predicted based on inbred line performance, genetic distance between parents and genomic prediction model. The first experiment was aimed at assessing the levels of genetic diversity, population structure and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in 279 public sorghum inbred lines, based on 66,265 SNPs generated using the genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) platform. The inbred lines were developed at different times over the last two decades and harbor robust diversity in pedigree and agronomic characteristics. Some of the inbreds are resistant to Acetolactate synthase (ALS) and Acetyl co-enzyme-A carboxylase (ACC) inhibitor herbicides. The mean polymorphic information content (PIC) and gene diversity across the entire inbreds were 0.35 and 0.46, respectively with non-herbicide resistant inbreds harboring more diversity than the herbicide resistant ones. The population structure analysis clustered the inbred lines into three major subgroups according to pedigree and fertility-reaction with the maintainer lines (B-lines) distinctly forming a separate cluster. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed more variation within subgroups than among subgroups. Substantial linkage disequilibrium (LD) was detected between the markers in the population with marked variation between chromosomes. This information may facilitate the use of the inbreds in sorghum breeding programs and provide perspectives for optimizing marker density for gene mapping and marker-assisted breeding. The second experiment, based on 102 F1 hybrids developed by intercrossing closely and distantly related inbreds, was conducted to investigate the relationship of genetic distance between parents with hybrid vigor or heterosis. The F1 hybrids alongside their parents were evaluated at two environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results show that correlations of genetic distance between parents with hybrid performance and heterosis were variable and dependent on the trait. Though most were statistically non-significant and not strong to be used as predictor for heterosis, the results tend to show that certain level of genetic distance between parents is needed to capture maximum heterosis and hybrid performance. The objective of the third research study was to determine whether traits measured on parents can be used to predict hybrid performance in sorghum and to assess the combining ability of selected inbreds. Forty-six parental inbred lines and 75 F1 hybrids generated from intercrossing the inbreds were evaluated in four environments in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The average performance of the parents (mid-parent) was significantly correlated with hybrid performance for thousand kernel weight, days to flowering and plant height. Significant general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were observed for most traits, with highly significant GCA effects observed for most traits as compared to SCA indicating that additive genetic effects are more important in affecting the inheritance of the traits measured. Results show that studying parental inbred line performance could generate important information for predicting hybrid performance in sorghum. The fourth experiment was aimed at assessing the efficacy of genomic prediction of hybrid performance in sorghum. Genomic prediction was performed with five-fold cross-validation procedure on 204 F1 hybrids developed using 102 inbred lines. A total of 66,265 SNP markers generated using genotyping-by-sequencing were used in this study. Results showed that increasing training population size increased prediction accuracies for all traits with the effect being different for different traits. Also, considering additive effects alone versus additive and dominance effects in the model showed similar trend of prediction accuracy but the full model (considering both additive and dominance effects of the markers) provided better prediction at least for some of the traits. The results suggest that genomic prediction could become an effective tool for predicting the performance of untested sorghum hybrids thus adding efficiency to hybrid selection.

Download or read book Performance Stability Parameters Genetic Effects and Prediction of Performance in Single Three way and Double cross Hybrids of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by George Anthony Ombakho and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies on Genetic Parameters of Agronomic Grain Structure and Malting Characteristics of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by José Geraldo Eugênio De França and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study had two distinct components: an agronomic/breeding segment and a sorghum malt component. The first consisted of field avaluation for traits related to agronomic performance, combinig ability, and heterosis. It was conducted during 1988 and 1989. The 1988 trial, with 51 genotypes, was sown at College Station and Halfway, TX. During 1989, the trial consisted of 7 females and 13 male parents, their 91 hybrids, a common check (ATx399*RTx430), and another hybrid check in one subset (ATx399*sc103-12E) to balance the whole design. It was conducted at College Station, Halfway, Chillicothe, and Corpus Christi, TX. In the first year each trial was divided into 4 subsets, while during the second, the trial consisted of 8 subsets, each with 15 experiment units.Hybrids, generally had larger panicles and higher yields, were taller, reached anthesis earlier, showed superior harvest indices, and lodged more than the parents. Combinig ability and GCA:SCA mean square ratios showed that general combinig ability variances were significant for all the variables studied. It showed also that additive variance was more important in controlling the genetic expression for the traits measured. The most superior parental lines for grain yield, across environments were ATx631, ATx623, ATx378, RTx430, R8505, VG146 and Dorado. Grain was saved from the field trials to be used in evaluation of some grain and malt characteristics. Sorghum beer is an important components of Africa culture and is used as a food or drink in many (...).

Download or read book INTSORMIL Sorghum and Millet Collaborative Research Support Program CRSP Bibliography written by USAID Title XII Collaborative Research Support Program on Sorghum and Pearl Millet and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Selection Procedures in Multiple Environments to Identify Parent Lines for Grain Sorghum Hybrids Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by Medson Chisi and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Genetic and Environmental Effects on Phenolic Composition and Agronomic Performance in Black Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Hybrids written by Chad Matthew Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A healthy diet requires a shift from the consumption of highly refined and processed foods with low nutritional value and towards whole grain food that have increased levels of antioxidants and phenolic compounds. Certain specialty sorghum genotypes have been identified as potential whole grain foods that have high levels of desired chemical compounds. Specifically, sorghums with a black pericarp are excellent sources of antioxidant compounds, including the unique compound 3-deoxyanthocyanin (3-DOA). Although extensive work has been performed on the chemistry and food properties of black sorghum inbreds, little research has been done studying the grain phenolic composition and agronomic performance of black sorghum hybrids in production environments. The goal of this study was to evaluate black sorghum hybrids with differing genetic backgrounds for grain phenolic composition and agronomic performance across multiple environments and identify the best lines for producing these hybrids. Results from this study confirm that sorghums with a black pericarp contain elevated levels of phenols, tannins and 3-DOA. Concentrations of these beneficial compounds were many times the concentration levels seen in traditional grain hybrids. Grain yields of black sorghum hybrids averaged 36% below commercial hybrids in this study. Lower grain yields could be due to reduced heterosis in black sorghum hybrids and other unknown factors associated with the black phenotype. From this study, the Texas AgriLife Sorghum Breeding Program has developed two elite black sorghum lines for release as the first publicly available black pericarp seed parents. These newly developed seed parents, proposed for release as Tx3363 and Tx3364, allow for the creation of the first temperately adapted black seeded grain hybrid. These hybrids help address the growing demand for products that are healthy, and provide natural and stable antioxidant compounds for a growing health food industry. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148249

Download or read book Comprehensive Dissertation Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1973- include the following subject areas: Biological sciences, Agriculture, Chemistry, Environmental sciences, Health sciences, Engineering, Mathematics and statistics, Earth sciences, Physics, Education, Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology, History, Law & political science, Business & economics, Geography & regional planning, Language & literature, Fine arts, Library & information science, Mass communications, Music, Philosophy and Religion.

Download or read book Evaluation of the Heterotic Potential of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Adapted to the Southern Africa Region written by Leo Thokoza Mpofu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production in Africa is widespread with low yields due to low inputs and the lack of sorghum hybrids. This situation has forced most of these farmers to grow maize hybrids since they are readily available in the seed market. Sorghum hybrids could be used if their potential was demonstrated. The objective of this study is to document the level of heterosis in Southern Africa sorghum germplasm. The performance of 52 F1 grain sorghum hybrids and their parental lines was evaluated in four environments. Measurements for grain yield, panicle exsertion, days to mid anthesis and plant height were analyzed to obtain estimates of high parent heterosis. High parent heterosis was observed to be 37.18% for yield, 82.77% for exsertion, 0.02% for days to mid anthesis and 23.7% for height. ICSR-939 and (87EON366*90EON328)-LD30 can be used as testers to develop more female lines for further hybrid seed production in breeding programs because they had the highest general combining ability. Protein content averaged 11.69%. ATx635 had significantly higher protein content than ATx631 (13.49% compared to 9.69%, respectively) and its hybrids had more protein than ATx631 hybrids (11.6% compared to 10.67% for ATx631). Mean heterosis for protein content was negative at -12.5%. This shows that hybrids had lower protein content than their parents since protein content is negatively correlated to grain yield ( -0.35**). Starch content averaged 72.13% and ATx631 hybrids had more starch than ATx635 hybrids (73.16 compared to 72.37% respectively). Two hybrids, ATx. 631/(87EON366*90EON328)-LD30 and ATx631/ ((TAM428*SV1)*CE151)-LD3 had the highest yields (5.04 t/ha and 4.93 t/ha, respectively). These hybrids also had small grains with good hardness and acceptable whiteness. They had good exsertion, flowered in good time and had acceptable plant heights. These two hybrids were compared to regional check varieties Macia and Tegemeo for all traits and they were either superior or within an acceptable range. These two hybrids are therefore recommended for release in the region. There is need therefore to start working on the various components of seed systems in the region so that seed of these two hybrids is made available to farmers who need the seed.

Download or read book The Influence of Different Population Densities on Yield and Some Agronomic and Morphological Characteristics of Three Grain Sorghum Hybrids written by Festo Samanya Owenya and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Combining Ability and Heterosis Studies for Adaptation in Newly Developed Male and Female Inbreds of Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by German Jose Perez and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Breeding and Evaluation of Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Hybrids for Adaptation Using Base Metabolic Temperature BMT as a Selection Tool written by Jose Armando Valdes Gutierrez and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Relationship Between Phenotypic Values in Male sterile Sorghum Parents and in Their F1 Hybrids written by R.R. Muyco and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids were generated by crossing each of ten cytoplasmic male-sterile lines with three diverse tester lines. The parents and their hybrids were grown in four replications at the Central Experiment Station during the 1983-1984 dry season. The study aimed to determine the relationship between the male-sterile parents and their F1 hybrids, identify the appropriate male testers for evaluating the combinig ability of male-seterile parents, and identify sorghum hybrids with potential for comercial use. Agronomic characters measured included grain yield, days to 50% bloming, plant height, 1000-seed weight and average number of seeds per head. The analysis of vriance showed that parental lines as well as their F1 hybrids were all significantly different for the five characters measured. Parental lines contributed a major portion of the total variation. Grain yield was found to be the most heterotic character. Male-sterilie parents were highly correlated with their F1 hybrids for days to 50% blooming, plant height and average number of seeds per head. But F1 hybrids approached their male parent in days to 50% blooming and were generally taller than their parental lines. Correlation values for grain yield and 1000-seed weight were positive but not high enough to be significant. The top yielding male-sterilie lines were positive for general combining ability effects for yield, days to 50% blooming, and average number of seeds per head. These lines were ATX622, (...).

Download or read book Comparative Performance of Three Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor L Moench Cultivars Grown Under Rubber and in the Open Field as Affected by Nitrogen Level and Plant Density written by R.T. Gloria and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three grain sorghum cultivars were grown in the open field and under seven - and towo-year old rubber trees at there levels of nitrogen fertilizer and plant population density, to determine their performance in both seed and atoon crops in terms of grain yeild and other agronomic characters, quality perameters like protein and total starch content of grains and their effects on stem girth and latex yield of rubber. Comparing the six cultural environments with respect to the parameters evaluated, those grown in the open field and under two-year old rubber trees nanmely, MIT open field seed crop. MIT-open field ratoon crop, Kidapawan-under rubber seed crop and Kidapawan-under rubber ratton crop reduced the number of days to blooming, and gave higher grain and total dry matter yields, 100-grain weight and number of grains per panicle. The same treatments gave higher starch but lower protein content in the grains compared to those grown under seven-year old rubber trees namely. MIT-under rubber seed crop and MIT-under rubber ratoon crop. The u=yield component that was consistently associated with grain yield was number of grains per panicle. Nitrogen treatments increased grain yield, total dry matter yield, plant height, leaf area index and number of grains per panicle. Plant population density reduced leaf size and panicle length in both seed and ratoon crops in all environments. The cultivars showed a wide diversity of performance in different culturtal envivornments. There were as inverse relationships (...).

Download or read book A Comparison of Parent hybrid Performance in Grain Sorghum written by Syed Tahir Ali Khan and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Research Progress Report on Inheritance and Improvement of Protein Quality and Content in Sorghum Bicolor L Moench written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: