Download or read book Agroecosystem Land Management and Its Effects on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks and Dynamics in the Mollisols of Southern Wisconsin written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AGROECOSYSTEM LAND MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON SOIL ORGANIC CARBON STOCKS AND DYNAMICS IN THE MOLLISOLS OF SOUTHERN WISCONSIN Gregg R. Sanford Under the supervision of Associate Professor Christopher J. Kucharik At the University of Wisconsin - Madison Managing agricultural soils to sequester C requires an understanding of how land management practices influence the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC). In this study the effect of land management on SOC was assessed using two complementary methods. The first method involved evaluating the influence common Wisconsin cropping systems on total SOC over a 20-year period. The second method consisted of combining long-term soil incubations with acid hydrolysis to estimate the size and turnover rate of three operationally defined SOC pools in southern Wisconsin agroecosystems. Analysis of total SOC indicated a significant decline of 1.6 g kg-1 or 16.6 Mg ha-1 across all of the agroecosystems evaluated to a depth of 90 cm. While the pasture system sequestered SOC in the surface 15 cm (4.3 g kg-1) these gains were largely offset by losses at depth (-3.1 g kg-1, 30 to 90 cm). Both no-till (NT) practices and forage crops reduced SOC loss, but neither resulted in C sequestration in the soil profile (0 to 90 cm). Evaluation of SOC pool sizes and kinetics showed that grassland systems contained the most SOC, with a large proportion of this carbon allocated to mineralizable pools (60%). The relatively high percentage of SOC found in the non-hydrolysable fraction of the production agricultural systems likely reflected the oxidative loss of labile and accessible C pools in response to historic tillage. Continuously vented incubation chambers were used for this study based on findings from the methodological work conducted. Results from these studies highlight the importance of land management decisions when seeking to promote SOC sequestration. On soils that are naturally high in SOC, sequestration may be difficult to achieve. Studies of both total carbon and carbon pools are necessary to improve our understanding of how climate and land management change will affect current and future soil C stocks across diverse agricultural landscapes.
Download or read book Soil Carbon written by Alfred E. Hartemink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few topics cut across the soil science discipline wider than research on soil carbon. This book contains 48 chapters that focus on novel and exciting aspects of soil carbon research from all over the world. It includes review papers by global leaders in soil carbon research, and the book ends with a list and discussion of global soil carbon research priorities. Chapters are loosely grouped in four sections: § Soil carbon in space and time § Soil carbon properties and processes § Soil use and carbon management § Soil carbon and the environment A wide variety of topics is included: soil carbon modelling, measurement, monitoring, microbial dynamics, soil carbon management and 12 chapters focus on national or regional soil carbon stock assessments. The book provides up-to-date information for researchers interested in soil carbon in relation to climate change and to researchers that are interested in soil carbon for the maintenance of soil quality and fertility. Papers in this book were presented at the IUSS Global Soil C Conference that was held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Download or read book The Soils of Wisconsin written by James G. Bockheim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-25 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive report on the soils of Wisconsin, a state that offers a rich tapestry of soils. It discusses the relevant soil forming factors and soil processes in detail and subsequently reviews the main soil regions and dominant soil orders, including paleosols and endemic and endangered soils. The last chapters address soils in a changing climate and provide an evaluation of their monetary value and crop yield potential. Richly illustrated, the book offers both a valuable teaching resource and essential guide for policymakers, land users, and all those interested in the soils of Wisconsin.
Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Contrasting Agroecosytems written by Placid Mike Gabriel Mpeketula and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Diversity Effect on Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Xinli Chen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable natural resource, supplying goods and services for human benefits, including mediating global climate change and securing food production and environmental quality. Biodiversity loss across multi-taxa is at an alarming rate globally. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the negative impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem production. The higher biomass production in species-rich communities is expected to enhance plant litter inputs to soils for SOC formation. Despite the critical importance of SOC and Rs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles, our understanding of the effects of plant diversity on SOC and soil respiration (Rs) remains equivocal. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first global-scale estimates of changes in Rs and SOC storage in response to global plant diversity loss, and to mechanistically understand the effects of plant mixtures on soil carbon dynamics. In my first study, I examined the global effects of plant litter alterations on soil carbon release. By presenting a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. I found that aboveground litter addition increased Rs, while aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs, respectively. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% of Rs and increased over time. My meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. This analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.
Download or read book The Effects of Agricultural Land Use on Stream Ecosystem Functioning Dynamics of Organic Carbon and Food Web Processes written by Romy Wild and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantifying Carbon Exchange in Midwest U S Bioenergy Cropping Systems After Land use Change written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When land-use was changed from natural ecosystems to tillage-based agroecosystems, terrestrial carbon storage was substantially reduced. To reverse this effect, agroecosystems today must use management practices that allocate significant amounts of carbon into the soil and protect that carbon from mechanisms that cause loss. Cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems are one type of land management that may contribute to carbon storage goals along with providing other ecosystem services. From 2010 to 2012, the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of three potential Midwest cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems - continuous maize (Zea maize L.), switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and hybrid poplar (NM6, Populus nigra x P. maximowiczii) - was quantified using a component-based modeling approach. Over the course of the experiment, the research site experienced a wide range of growing season drought conditions that illuminated significant differences between cropping systems. In addition, at the outset of the research project the hybrid poplar stands began showing signs of a defoliating fungus that eventually led to the removal of the hybrid poplar system from the final analysis because of incompatibilities with model structure. Final results showed reductions of ecosystem carbon in maize and maintenance of ecosystem carbon in switchgrass. Carbon removal during harvest was a significant contributor to the reduction of ecosystem carbon in maize and it was hypothesized that the legacy effects of past management and the high initial carbon content of the soil contributed to shifts in ecosystem carbon. A significant difference between the NECB of the two ecosystems was only found in the year without water stress, and the most severe drought conditions greatly increased the variability in NECB. The lack of differences in drought years were attributed to reduced maize harvest with increasing drought severity and increased model uncertainty during the most significant drought conditions. The fact that neither bioenergy cropping system increased carbon storage indicates these systems are not ideal for meeting goals to increase terrestrial carbon storage in Southern Wisconsin, assuming they are managed according to the methods described here.
Download or read book The influence of land management on concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and its effects on the mobilisation of aluminium and iron in podzol soils in mid Wales written by S. Hughes and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochar for Environmental Management written by Johannes Lehmann and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochar is the carbon-rich product when biomass (such as wood, manure or crop residues) is heated in a closed container with little or no available air. It can be used to improve agriculture and the environment in several ways, and its stability in soil and superior nutrient-retention properties make it an ideal soil amendment to increase crop yields. In addition to this, biochar sequestration, in combination with sustainable biomass production, can be carbon-negative and therefore used to actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, with major implications for mitigation of climate change. Biochar production can also be combined with bioenergy production through the use of the gases that are given off in the pyrolysis process. This book is the first to synthesize the expanding research literature on this topic. The book's interdisciplinary approach, which covers engineering, environmental sciences, agricultural sciences, economics and policy, is a vital tool at this stage of biochar technology development. This comprehensive overview of current knowledge will be of interest to advanced students, researchers and professionals in a wide range of disciplines.
Download or read book Precision Conservation written by Jorge A. Delgado and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision conservation is a reality, and we are moving towards improved effectiveness of conservation practices by accounting for temporal and spatial variability within and off field. This is the first book to cover the application of the principles of precision conservation to target conservation practices across fields and watersheds. It has clearly been established that the 21st century will present enormous challenges, from increased yield demands to climate change. Without improved conservation practices it will not be possible to ensure food security and conservation effectiveness. Readers will appreciate the application of the precision conservation concept to increase conservation effectiveness in a variety of contexts, with a focus on recent advances in technology, methods, and improved results. IN PRESS! This book is being published according to the “Just Published” model, with more chapters to be published online as they are completed.
Download or read book Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World soils contain about 1500 gigatons of organic carbon. This large carbon reserve can increase atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by soil misuse or mismanagement, or it can reverse the 'greenhouse' effect by judicious land use and proper soil management. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle describes soil processes and their effects on the global carbon cycle while relating soil properties to soil quality and potential and actual carbon reserves in the soil. In addition, this book deals with modeling the carbon cycle in soil, and with methods of soil carbon determinations.
Download or read book Interactive Effects of Soil Moisture Temperature and Depth on Fine Root Dynamics in a Restored Tallgrass Prairie in Northeast Wisconsin written by Adam C. Von Haden and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Switchgrass Bioenergy Feedstock Production on Soil Carbon Dioxide Flux and Below Ground Soil Organic Carbon Storage in East Tennessee written by Leah Denise Soro and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioenergy production from switchgrass has shown promise in restoring degraded soils and helping to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. CO2 loss and C-sequestration in soils are important topics for research to better understand the environmental impacts of bioenergy crops. The need for more thorough research of the carbon cycle in soils used for bioenergy production precipitated the primary interest of this study. The specific objectives of this study were 1) to measure SOC under switchgrass production in order to predict storage of carbon in soils based on previous cropping history, land management, soil physical characteristics, and time; and to 2) measure soil CO2 flux through the entire year to establish a) the annual, seasonal, and daily respiration rates, and b) use this data with soil carbon data to better understand the carbon life cycle in soils under switchgrass production in East Tennessee. Chapter 1 of the study was conducted on twelve farms across East Tennessee. Seven previous different cropping systems, four soil textural classes, and four soil taxonomy classes are represented in this study. There was an increase in SOC of roughly 1 Mg ha−1 from 2008 to 2011. No-till planting resulted in a significant increase in SOC compared to conventional tillage planting resulting in no significant changes in SOC. Chapter 2 results as hypothesized, soil temperature and moisture had a significant influence on CO2 flux variance. Soil temperature and soil moisture were able to explain 83% and 81.5% of variance in flux from clumps (cover) and between clumps (bare) respectively. The summer months exhibited the highest flux rate followed by spring, fall, and finally winter. Although largely overlooked in previous research, the winter months did contribute 5.4 MgCO2 ha−1 season−1 (±2.5 MgCO2 ha−1 season−1) from clumps (cover) and 4.0 MgCO2 ha−1 season−1 (±3.2 MgCO2 ha−1 season−1) from between clumps (bare). Annual switchgrass flux rate was 7.39 MgCO2 ha−1 (±4.08 MgCO2 ha−1).
Download or read book Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics written by Pedro A. Sanchez and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-10 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-awaited second edition of classic textbook, brought completely up to date, for courses on tropical soils, and reference for scientists and professionals.
Download or read book Spatial Variability and Driving Factors for Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Quality and Saturation in Agricultural Soils of Germany written by Cora Vos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agroecosystem Management Effects on Carbon and Nitrogen Cycling Across a Coastal Plain Catena written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils written by Alessandro Piccolo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-11 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compilation of techniques, methodologies and scientific data arises from a four-year Italian research project, which took place at university research stations in Turin, Piacenza, Naples and Potenza. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) represents an active and essential pool of the total organic carbon on the planet. Consequently, even small changes in this SOM carbon pool may have a significant impact on the concentration of atmospheric CO2. Recent new understanding of the chemical nature of SOM indicates that innovative and sustainable technologies may be applied to sequester carbon in agricultural soils. Overall results of the project have been applied to develop an innovative model for the prediction and description, both quantitatively and qualitatively, of carbon sequestration in agricultural soils. This book provides experts in different areas of soil science with a complete picture of the effects of new soil management methods and their potentials for practical application in farm management.
