Download or read book U S Public Agricultural Research written by David Schimmelpfenning and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, proposals have recommended shifting the focus of public ag. res. from applied to basic research, and giving higher priority to peer-reviewed, competitively funded grants. The public ag. res. system in the U.S. is a Fed.-State partnership, with most res. conducted at State institutions. In recent years, State funds have declined, USDA funds have remained fairly steady, but funding from other Fed. agencies and the private sector has increased. Along with shifts in funding sources, the proportion of basic res. being undertaken within the public ag. research system has declined. This report focuses on the way public ag. res. is funded in the U.S. and how changes in funding sources over the last 25 years reflect changes in the type of res. pursued.
Download or read book Investing in Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-02-01 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of funding for agricultural research in the United States and presents a proposal to strengthen this system. Its premise is that a judicious but substantial increase in research funding through competitive grants is the best way to sustain and strengthen the U.S. agricultural, food, and environmental system. The proposal calls for an increased public investment in research; a broadened scientific scope and expanded program areas of research; and four categories of competitively awarded grants, with an emphasis on multidisciplinary research.
Download or read book Investing in the National Research Initiative written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Board on Agriculture (BA), in this self-initiated study, reaffirms recommendations it made for the U.S. Department of Agriculture supported competitive grants program in its 1989 report Investing in Research: A Proposal to Strengthen the Agricultural, Food, and Environmental System. Although the National Initiative for Research on Agriculture, Food, and Environment expanded following the BA's 1989 report, it has achieved neither the program breadth nor the $500 million annual funding level recommended. The book's discussion of competitively awarded grants as a mechanism to support high-quality research broadly related to agriculture, food, and natural resources dovetails with current efforts to craft the research component of the 1995 Farm Bill.
Download or read book Challenges for U S Agricultural Research Policy written by and published by U.S. Government Printing Office. This book was released on 1995 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agricultural Research Funding written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Publicly Funded Agricultural Research and the Changing Structure of U S Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-03-18 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) requested that the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources of the National Research Council (NRC) convene a panel of experts to examine whether publicly funded agricultural research has influenced the structure of U.S. agriculture and, if so, how. The Committee to Review the Role of Publicly Funded Agricultural Research on the Structure of U.S. Agriculture was asked to assess the role of public-sector agricultural research on changes in the size and numbers of farms, with particular emphasis on the evolution of very-large-scale operations.
Download or read book Economics of Research and Innovation in Agriculture written by Petra Moser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The challenges facing agriculture are plenty. Along with the world's growing population and diminishing amounts of water and arable land, the gradual increase in severe weather presents new challenges and imperatives for producing new, more resilient crops to feed a more crowded planet in the twenty-first century. Innovation has historically helped agriculture keep pace with earth's social, population, and ecological changes. In the last 50 years, mechanical, biological, and chemical innovations have more than doubled agricultural output while barely changing input quantities. The ample investment behind these innovations was available because of a high rate of return: a 2007 paper found that the median ROI in agriculture was 45 percent between 1965 and 2005. This landscape has changed. Today many of the world's wealthier countries have scaled back their share of GDP devoted to agricultural R&D amid evidence of diminishing returns. Universities, which have historically been a major source of agricultural innovation, increasingly depend on funding from industry rather than government to fund their research. As Upton Sinclair wrote of the effects industry influences, "It is difficult to get a man to understand something when his salary depends upon his not understanding it." In this volume of the NBER Conference Report series, editor Petra Moser offers an empirical, applied-economic framework to the different elements of agricultural R&D, particularly as they relate to the shift from public to private funding. Individual chapters examine the sources of agricultural knowledge and investigate challenges for measuring the returns to the adoption of new agricultural technologies, examine knowledge spillovers from universities to agricultural innovation, and explore interactions between university engagement and scientific productivity. Additional analysis of agricultural venture capital point to it as an emerging and future source of resource in this essential domain"--
Download or read book Federal Agricultural Research Funding Issues and Concerns written by United States General Accounting of Gao and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-03-18 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal Agricultural Research Funding: Issues and Concerns
Download or read book Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Policies for the 1990s written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-10-27 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although few Americans work as farmers these days, agriculture on the whole remains economically importantâ€"playing a key role in such contemporary issues as consumer health and nutrition, worker safety and animal welfare, and environmental protection. This publication provides a comprehensive picture of the primary education system for the nation's agriculture industry: the land grant colleges of agriculture. Colleges of Agriculture at the Land Grant Universities informs the public debate about the challenges that will shape the future of these colleges and serves as a foundation for a second volume, which will present recommendations for policy and institutional changes in the land grant system. This book reviews the legislative history of the land grant system from its establishment in 1862 to the 1994 act conferring land grant status on Native American colleges. It describes trends that have shaped agriculture and agricultural education over the decadesâ€"the shift of labor from farm to factory, reasons for and effects of increased productivity and specialization, the rise of the corporate farm, and more. The committee reviews the system's three-part missionâ€"education, research, and extension serviceâ€"and through this perspective documents the changing nature of funding and examines the unique structure of the U.S. agricultural research and education system. Demographic data on faculties, students, extension staff, commodity and funding clusters, and geographic specializations profile the system and identify similarities and differences among the colleges of agriculture, trends in funding, and a host of other issues. The tables in the appendix provide further itemization about general population distribution, student and educator demographics, types of degree programs, and funding allocations. Concise commentary and informative graphics augment the detailed statistical presentations. This book will be important to policymakers, administrators, educators, researchers, and students of agriculture.
Download or read book Institutional Change and Effective Financing of Agricultural Research in Latin America written by Ruben G. Echeverría and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economic and institutional environment for NARS in the 1990s; Public and private sector funding and execution of research: key concepts; Alternative financing mechanisms; Perspectives for the year 2000 and beyond.
Download or read book U S Public Agricultural Research written by David Schimmelpfennig and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, proposals have recommended shifting the focus of public agricultural research from applied to basic research, and giving higher priority to peer-reviewed, competitively funded grants. The public agricultural research system in the United States is a Federal-State partnership, with most research conducted at State institutions. In recent years, State funds have declined, USDA funds have remained fairly steady (with changes in the composition of funding), but funding from other Federal agencies and the private sector has increased. Efforts to increase competitively awarded funds for research have fluctuated over time, as have special grants (earmarks). Along with shifts in funding sources, the proportion of basic research being undertaken within the public agricultural research system has declined. This report focuses on the way public agricultural research is funded in the United States and how changes in funding sources over the last 25 years reflect changes in the type of research pursued.
Download or read book An Assessment of the United States Food and Agricultural Research System written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Research Initiative written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-09-08 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our nation faces daunting challenges to its food and fiber system and to the condition of our natural resources in the coming decades. Rapid increases in world population and the pressure on resources generated by increasing per capita consumption as a result of increasing per capita income challenge the very basis of our standard of livingâ€"our food, fiber, and natural-resource base. As the nation faces the challenges, new technologies and new information systems are changing the face of biologic research. The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) has traditionally been the nation's primary public research engine in food, fiber, and natural resources. The National Research Initiative Competitive Grants Program (NRI) is a small part of that USDA research effort, but it accounts for a substantial portion of the nation's merit-based peer-reviewed fundamental research efforts in food, fiber, and natural resources. In 1997, USDA asked the National Research Council Board on Agriculture (now the Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources) to conduct an independent assessment of the NRI program. Specifically, USDA asked the Research Council to: perform a retrospective assessment of the quality and value of research funded by the program; determine whether the science and technology priorities in the major NRI programs are defined appropriately; assess how NRI activities complement other USDA programs, those of other federal agencies, and state programs in the private sector; and recommend the nature and content of changes for the future. This report summarizes the results of the committee's analysis. Chapter 2 summarizes the value of food, fiber, and natural resources-research to the United States, focusing on economic contributions and rates of return of food and fiber research. The committee's analysis of the quality, value, fairness, relevance, and responsiveness of the NRI competitive grants program is presented in chapter 3. Chapter 4 presents the committee's analysis of the role and scope of the NRI, including its scientific objectives, its value in training and education, and its complementarity with other research activities. The committee's analysis of NRI's priority-setting process and its research priorities is given in chapter 5. The committee's analysis of organizational and funding issues is given in chapter 6. Chapter 7 presents the committee's recommendations to improve the effectiveness of the NRI program. Additional supporting materials are found in appendixes A through I.
Download or read book Compilation of Agricultural Research Education and Extension Questions for Discussion written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume compiles and reprints the responses of 37 organizations to a series of questions issued by the House Committee on Agriculture in anticipation of debates concerning the Research Title of the 1995 Farm Bill due for updating and revision. The questions address some of the following topics: the role of the federal government in agricultural research, coordination and relations with other federal agencies, the suitability of various regulations and procedures, setting research priorities, integrating federal-state-industry research pools, effectiveness of coordinating and advisory boards, efficiency and accountability in administration of these federal funds, partnerships with other types of organizations, guidelines for use of federal funds, land grant universities' roles, fund allocation formulas, and regional research and extension cooperation. The organizations that responded to these questions include the Department of Agriculture, the Coalition on Funding Agricultural Research Mission, professional societies such as the Phytopathological Society and the Entomological Society of America, individual higher education institutions like the Universities of Minnesota and Arkansas and Ohio State University, international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Food Policy Research Institute, and Associations such as the American Feed Industry Association and the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges. (JB)
Download or read book The Evaluation of Federal Programs in Agricultural Research Education and Extension written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Agriculture. Subcommittee on Resource Conservation, Research, and Forestry and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three House of Representatives' subcommittee hearings were held in March, May, and July 1996 to evaluate the goals, priority setting, and advisory mechanisms of federal programs in agricultural research, education, and extension. To become competitive in global markets, farmers will need to rely on the research community to provide up-to-date technology and market information. The purpose of the hearings was to establish research priorities for the 21st century, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the federal research investment, and improve accountability through the establishment of a coordinated advisory and priority setting mechanism. Testimony was received from U.S. Senators and Representatives; Under-Secretaries from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); and spokespersons for agribusiness associations, agricultural science associations, research institutions, land grant universities, and the Extension Service. The following topics were discussed: the role of the National Center for Agricultural Utilization and Research (Peoria, Illinois) in commercialization of agricultural products; financial and political threats to the federal government's role in agricultural research and education; research priorities related to human nutrition, new agricultural and livestock pests and diseases, food safety, and farming's environmental issues; replacing petrochemical ingredients in industrial products with agriculture-based ingredients; proposed participants and processes in setting research priorities for government funding; importance of sustainable agriculture; the needs of rural families and communities that are not usually well supported in USDA budgets and extension programs; worldwide research on consumer food preferences; structure and funding of federally funded agricultural research programs conducted by land grant universities, the USDA Agricultural Research Service, and the agribusiness industry; and the role and methods of the Cooperative Extension Service in disseminating research-based information to farmers. (SV)
Download or read book Agricultural Production and Agricultural Research Allocation Patterns written by Harlow J. Hodgson and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
