Download or read book AGRICULTURAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CURVES FOR IMPROVED WATERSHED HEALTH written by Conrad Stang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.

Download or read book Recommended Plan of Best Management Practices for Reduction of Agricultural Sediment written by United States. Soil Conservation Service and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Study of Sediment Transport Mechanisms in Agricultural Watersheds written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study was conducted to improve understanding and prediction of sediment delivery through agricultural watersheds, with emphasis on the pathways from edge-of-field to receiving waters. The study was focused on agricultural watersheds within the University of Wisconsin (UW) - Platteville Pioneer Farm and one of the UW Discovery Farms located in southwestern Wisconsin. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to predict runoff and sediment yield from agricultural watersheds that employ best management practices (BMPs). Results showed that input parameters representing BMPs were important for accurately simulating runoff and sediment yield from these watersheds. The study also showed that ANN models were able to successfully simulate runoff and sediment yield during training, validation and testing phases. Sediment eroded from upland source areas is often carried to the watershed outlet via grassed waterways. Critical shear stress of the soil is often estimated to determine the potential for soil to be detached. Previous studies suggest that critical shear stress may vary with antecedent moisture content. The dynamic nature of critical shear stress in an upland agricultural field and grassed waterway of a nested watershed was investigated at Pioneer Farm by measuring critical shear stress over a range of antecedent soil moisture conditions. Results showed that critical shear stress in both the grassed waterway and the agricultural field increased as soil moisture increased until the soil moisture content reached the plastic limit. Above the plastic limit, critical shear stress of the soil decreased significantly and was relatively constant, ultimately rendering the soil more susceptible to erosion. Finally, the process-based Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) model was used to develop regressions equations that use channel, watershed and storm characteristics to estimate sediment delivery ratios (SDRs) for grassed waterways draining upland agricultural fields. Upland agricultural management scenarios considered included: (i) corn-oat-alfalfa crop rotation, chisel plow tillage, and terraces, and (ii) corn-oat-alfalfa crop rotation, chisel plow tillage, and no-terraces. Better R2 values resulted from equations developed for non-terraced fields compared to terraced fields suggested that channel and storm parameters were better able to explain the variation in SDR for grassed waterways draining from non-terraced fields.

Download or read book Modeling the Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices and Climate Variability on Sediment Yield and Transport in the Colusa Basin California written by Sarah Elizabeth Gatzke and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Best Management Practices (BMPs) have been employed for years as erosion reduction measures on cultivated lands. The ability to model the effects of BMPs at the watershed scale using a standardized process-based method provides watershed managers with an important decision making tool for addressing large-scale water quality concerns. This study uses a process-based BMP simulation method with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to evaluate five BMPs including grassed waterways, channel stabilization structures, strip crops, cover crops and vegetative filter strips on almond orchards in northern California, USA. The sediment reduction rate of the five BMPs was compared to a base case where no BMPs were applied to the watershed and analyzed for several precipitation scenarios to compare BMP effectiveness. In-channel BMPs which included grassed waterways and channel stabilization structures, reduced sediment load at the watershed outlet by 8% to 14%, respectively, depending on the annual precipitation scenario. Grassed waterways consistently outperformed channel stabilization structures, reducing sediment load by an additional 2% to 5% compared to channel stabilization structures. Upland BMPs including strip crops, cover crops and vegetative filter strips reduced sediment yield by 15 to 100% for the various precipitation scenarios. For years with median and above median precipitation, strip crops were most effective, reducing sediment yield by 63% in both cases, whereas cover crops only reduced sediment yield by 54% and 15%, respectively. For the below median precipitation year, the cover crop reduced sediment yield from fields completely (100%), whereas strip crops and vegetative filter strips only reduced sediment load by 64% and 59%, respectively. For all BMPs, a positive correlation between sediment load/yield and increasing precipitation amount and intensity was observed. The methods presented in this study are easily applicable to watershed scale studies of other basins and for other water quality concerns, such as the fate and transport of agricultural pesticides and nutrients.

Download or read book Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution written by William F. Ritter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-12-15 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you work in the water quality management field, you know the challenges of monitoring and controlling pollutants in our water supply. The increasing problem of agricultural nonpoint source pollution requires complex solutions. Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Watershed Management and Hydrology covers the latest techniques and methods of managing large watershed areas, with an emphasis on controlling non-point source pollution, especially from agricultural run-off. Written by leading experts, the book includes topics such as: nitrate and phosphorus pollution, pesticide contamination, erosion and sedimentation, water-table management, and watershed management. The authors discuss the effects of agricultural run-off - one of the most intransigent problems now faced by environmental engineers and hydrologists. They explore each issue with an eye towards the integrated management of water quality and water resources over a defined area or region. This single-source reference gives you a complete understanding of the whats, whys, and hows of nonpoint source pollution - and more importantly of how to monitor and manage it. Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution: Watershed Management and Hydrology provides a broad but detailed overview that helps you to comprehend the intricacies of the problem and puts you on the path to finding the answers.

Download or read book Watershed Management for Potable Water Supply written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-17 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1997, New York City adopted a mammoth watershed agreement to protect its drinking water and avoid filtration of its large upstate surface water supply. Shortly thereafter, the NRC began an analysis of the agreement's scientific validity. The resulting book finds New York City's watershed agreement to be a good template for proactive watershed management that, if properly implemented, will maintain high water quality. However, it cautions that the agreement is not a guarantee of permanent filtration avoidance because of changing regulations, uncertainties regarding pollution sources, advances in treatment technologies, and natural variations in watershed conditions. The book recommends that New York City place its highest priority on pathogenic microorganisms in the watershed and direct its resources toward improving methods for detecting pathogens, understanding pathogen transport and fate, and demonstrating that best management practices will remove pathogens. Other recommendations, which are broadly applicable to surface water supplies across the country, target buffer zones, stormwater management, water quality monitoring, and effluent trading.

Download or read book Identification and Assessment of Critical Source Areas in an Agricultural Watershed written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study was conducted in the Pleasant Valley Watershed (50 km2) in South Central Wisconsin to better understand sediment transport processes using sediment fingerprinting techniques and watershed-scale modeling. The results of event-based sampling using 210Pbxs, 7Be, and P as tracers indicate that agriculture is the dominant source of suspended sediment in the predominantly agricultural subwatershed, while both stream banks and agriculture are important sources of suspended sediment in the mixed land-use subwatershed. Fine sediment deposition on the stream bed was the dominant process during the smaller storm event; however, resuspension of bed sediment was important during the larger storm event. The use of inorganic tracers to identify sources of fine sediment deposited on the stream bed showed that both stream bank and agriculture are important sources of sediment depending on the location within the watershed. Land use distribution within each subwatershed significantly affected the relative contribution from different sources to fine sediment deposited on the stream bed. Sources of suspended sediment varied temporally and spatially within this watershed. Generally, relative contributions from agriculture were greater during periods of high sediment loading at the watershed outlet, with the exception of snowmelt runoff, during which stream banks were important sources of suspended sediment. Results from watershed-scale modeling, using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), suggest that croplands are the dominant source of sediment and P in this watershed. Conversion of croplands to conservation reserve program grasslands and implementation of no-till practices, in the critical source areas for sediment and P, resulted in significant reduction in sediment and P loading at the subwatershed level. However, reduction in sediment and P loading at the watershed level was not significant. To target best management practices (BMPs) effectively identification of both suspended and bed sediment is needed. In subwatersheds where agriculture is the dominant source of sediment (as determined from sediment fingerprinting), modeling tools (e.g., SWAT, RUSLE2, Wisconsin P-Index) can be used to prioritize areas for BMP implementation. The spatial and temporal variability in sediment transport dynamics within this watershed highlights the complexities involved in linking upland and in-stream sediment transport processes.

Download or read book State of the art Review of Best Management Practices for Agricultural Nonpoint Source Control written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Analysis of Agricultural Nonpoint Pollution Control Options in the St Albans Bay Watershed written by Kathleen Frevert and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Achieving Nutrient and Sediment Reduction Goals in the Chesapeake Bay written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chesapeake Bay is North America's largest and most biologically diverse estuary, as well as an important commercial and recreational resource. However, excessive amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sediment from human activities and land development have disrupted the ecosystem, causing harmful algae blooms, degraded habitats, and diminished populations of many species of fish and shellfish. In 1983, the Chesapeake Bay Program (CBP) was established, based on a cooperative partnership among the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the state of Maryland, and the commonwealths of Pennsylvania and Virginia, and the District of Columbia, to address the extent, complexity, and sources of pollutants entering the Bay. In 2008, the CBP launched a series of initiatives to increase the transparency of the program and heighten its accountability and in 2009 an executive order injected new energy into the restoration. In addition, as part of the effect to improve the pace of progress and increase accountability in the Bay restoration, a two-year milestone strategy was introduced aimed at reducing overall pollution in the Bay by focusing on incremental, short-term commitments from each of the Bay jurisdictions. The National Research Council (NRC) established the Committee on the Evaluation of Chesapeake Bay Program Implementation for Nutrient Reduction in Improve Water Quality in 2009 in response to a request from the EPA. The committee was charged to assess the framework used by the states and the CBP for tracking nutrient and sediment control practices that are implemented in the Chesapeake Bay watershed and to evaluate the two-year milestone strategy. The committee was also to assess existing adaptive management strategies and to recommend improvements that could help CBP to meet its nutrient and sediment reduction goals. The committee did not attempt to identify every possible strategy that could be implemented but instead focused on approaches that are not being implemented to their full potential or that may have substantial, unrealized potential in the Bay watershed. Because many of these strategies have policy or societal implications that could not be fully evaluated by the committee, the strategies are not prioritized but are offered to encourage further consideration and exploration among the CBP partners and stakeholders.

Download or read book Research and Cumulative Watershed Effects written by Leslie M. Reid and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Control of Water Pollution from Agriculture written by E. D. Ongley and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1996 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural operations can contribute to water quality deterioration through the release of several materials into water: sediments, pesticides, animal manures, fertilizers and other sources of inorganic and organic matter. This ''guidelines'' document on control and management of agricultural water pollution has the objectives of delineating the nature and consequences of agricultural impacts on water quality, and of providing a framework for practical measures to be undertaken by relevant professionals and decision-makers to control water pollution.

Download or read book Conservation Practices Affect Sediment Concentrations for Small Agricultural Watershed Flows written by Ralph W. Baird and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Legacy Phosphorus in Agriculture Role of Past Management and Perspectives for the Future written by Luke Gatiboni and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-07 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Water Management and Sediment Control for Urbanizing Areas written by United States. Soil Conservation Service and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book How to Build Better Agricultural Conservation Programs to Protect Water Quality written by Deanna Lynn Osmond and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "From 2004 to 2006, the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) (formerly the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service) and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service jointly funded 13 watershed projects across the nation. These NIFA projects were established to evaluate the effects of agricultural conservation practices on water quality at the watershed scale. The overall goal of these watershed studies was to determine the measurable effects of agricultural conservation practices on spatial patterns and trends in water quality at the watershed scale. Conducted under the name Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP), the projects were intended to increase understanding of the following: How the timing, location, and suite of implemented agricultural conservation practices affect water quality at the watershed scale ; How conservation practices implemented in a watershed interact with respect to their effects on water quality ; What social and economic factors facilitate or impede implementation of conservation practices ; The optimal set of conservation practices and their optimal placement within the watershed needed to achieve water quality goals. As these 13 NIFA-CEAP watershed studies were nearing completion, the USDA NIFA funded another project to synthesize the information gained from the projects in order to build an aggregate knowledge base that both evaluated impacts of conservation practices and programs on water resources in order to improve the management of agricultural landscapes and achieve environmental goals that could inform future policy decisions. This book describes the outcome of the synthesis effort."--Preface.