Download or read book Aging Assessment of Essential HVAC Chillers Used in Nuclear Power Plants Phase 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a Phase I aging assessment of chillers used in the essential safety air-conditioning systems of nuclear power plants. Centrifugal chillers in the 75- to 750-ton refrigeration capacity range are the predominant type used. The chillers used, and air-conditioning systems served, vary in design from plant-to-plant. It is crucial to keep chiller internals very clean and to prevent the leakage of water, air, and other contaminants into the refrigerant containment system. Periodic operation on a weekly or monthly basis is necessary to remove moisture and noncondensable gases that gradually build up inside the chiller. This is especially desirable if a chiller is required to operate only as an emergency standby unit. The primary stressors and aging mechanisms that affect chillers include vibration, excessive temperatures and pressures, thermal cycling, chemical attack, and poor quality cooling water. Aging is accelerated by moisture, non-condensable gases (e.g., air), dirt, and other contamination within the refrigerant containment system, excessive start/stop cycling, and operating below the rated capacity. Aging is also accelerated by corrosion and fouling of the condenser and evaporator tubes. The principal cause of chiller failures is lack of adequate monitoring. Lack of performing scheduled maintenance and human errors also contribute to failures.
Download or read book Phase I Aging Assessment of Essential HVAC Chillers Used in Nuclear Power Plants written by D. E. Blahnik and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aging Assessment of Essential HVAC Chillers Used in Nuclear Power Plants written by D. E. Blahnik and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aging Assessment of Essential HVAC Chillers Used in Nuclear Power Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pacific Northwest Laboratory conducted a comprehensive aging assessment of chillers used in the essential safety air-conditioning systems in nuclear power plants (NPPs). The chillers used, and air-conditioning systems served, vary in design from plant to plant. The review of operating experience indicated that chillers experience aging degradation and failures. The primary aging factors of concern for chillers include vibration, excessive temperatures and pressures, thermal cycling, chemical attack, and poor quality cooling water. The evaluation of Licensee Event Reports (LERs) indicated that about 38% of the failures were primarily related to aging, 55% were partially aging related, and 7% of the failures were unassignable. About 25% of the failures were primarily caused by human, design, procedure, and other errors. The large number of errors is probably directly related to the complexity of chillers and their interfacing systems. Nearly all of the LERs were the result of entering plant Technical Specification Limiting Condition for Operation (LCO) that initiated remedial actions like plant shutdown procedures. The trend for chiller-related LERs has stabilized at about 0.13 LERs per plant year since 1988. Carefully following the vendor procedures and monitoring the equipment can help to minimize and/or eliminate most of the premature failures. Recording equipment performance can be useful for trending analysis. Periodic operation for a few hours on a weekly or monthly basis is useful to remove moisture and non-condensable gases that gradually build up inside the chiller. Chiller pressurization kits are available that will help minimize the amount of moisture and air ingress to low-pressure chillers during standby periods. The assessment of service life condition monitoring of chillers indicated there are many simple to sophisticated methods available that can help in chiller surveillance and monitoring.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalogue United States Public Documents written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulatory and Technical Reports abstract Index Journal written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Regulatory Publications Branch and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pre Phase 1 Aging Assessment of the BWR Isolation Condenser System written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The isolation condenser system (ICS) is part of the emergency core cooling system in five U.S. boiling-water reactors. In the event that the reactor pressure vessel becomes isolated from the main condenser, the ICS removes decay heat from the reactor. The ICS is important to reactor safety because it is relied on to help mitigate core damage during a loss-of-coolant accident. In support of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) Program, staff from the Pacific Northwest Laboratory researched the aging of the ICS by reviewing available industry databases. Each component of the ICS was evaluated to 1) identify applicable aging issues and also to 2) determine if the component had already been studied as a part of other NPAR assessments. The results of this preliminary study indicate that most of the critical ICS components have been previously evaluated by the NPAR program. The one ICS component that has not been specifically studied is the isolation condenser itself. There is little evidence in the databases to suggest that there have been problems with the isolation condenser. Only one plant, Millstone Unit 1, has ever had an isolation condenser tube failure problem recorded. This instance resulted from events that occurred early in the life of the plant. The problem was remedied through tube replacement. The isolation condenser and the pressurized-water reactor (PWR) steam generator were compared to illustrate that even though the isolation condenser is a heat exchanger, it is not subjected to the same service dynamics as the PWR steam generator. The isolation condenser operates for most of its service life in a relatively benign, static environment, resulting in a comparatively good service record. PNL staff recommend that the results of this research be used to continue studying the ICS to determine if the aging isolation condenser tubes are being adequately maintained. This new study should include an evaluation of the current inspection methods and a verification that they are effective in identifying tube aging degradation, such as intergranular stress corrosion cracking. Continued study may also provide beneficial input into the design of the Simplified Boiling Water Reactor.
Download or read book NUREG CR written by U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Power in an Age of Uncertainty written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration written by Shan K. Wang and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2000-11-07 with total page 1430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * A broad range of disciplines--energy conservation and air quality issues, construction and design, and the manufacture of temperature-sensitive products and materials--is covered in this comprehensive handbook * Provide essential, up-to-date HVAC data, codes, standards, and guidelines, all conveniently located in one volume * A definitive reference source on the design, selection and operation of A/C and refrigeration systems
Download or read book HVAC Design Manual for Hospitals and Clinics written by ASHRAE (Firm) and published by Ashrae. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health care HVAC systems serve facilities in which the population is uniquely vulnerable and exposed to an elevated risk of health, fire, and safety hazard. These heavily regulated, high-stakes facilities undergo continuous maintenance, verification, inspection, and recertification, typically operate 24/7, and are owner occupied for long life. The HVAC systems in health care facilities must be carefully designed to be installed, operated and maintained in coordination with specialized buildings services, including emergency and normal power, plumbing and medical gas systems, automatic transport, fire protections and a myriad of IT systems, all within a limited building envelope.
Download or read book Multi state System Reliability Assessment Optimization And Applications written by Gregory Levitin and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003-03-12 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most books on reliability theory are devoted to traditional binary reliability models allowing for only two possible states for a system and its components: perfect functionality and complete failure. However, many real-world systems are composed of multi-state components, which have different performance levels and several failure modes with various effects on the entire system performance (degradation). Such systems are called Multi-State Systems (MSS). The examples of MSS are power systems where the component performance is characterized by the generating capacity, computer systems where the component performance is characterized by the data processing speed, communication systems, etc.This book is the first to be devoted to Multi-State System (MSS) reliability analysis and optimization. It provides a historical overview of the field, presents basic concepts of MSS, defines MSS reliability measures, and systematically describes the tools for MSS reliability assessment and optimization. Basic methods for MSS reliability assessment, such as a Boolean methods extension, basic random process methods (both Markov and semi-Markov) and universal generating function models, are systematically studied. A universal genetic algorithm optimization technique and all details of its application are described. All the methods are illustrated by numerical examples. The book also contains many examples of application of reliability assessment and optimization methods to real engineering problems.The aim of this book is to give a comprehensive, up-to-date presentation of MSS reliability theory based on modern advances in this field and provide a theoretical summary and examples of engineering applications to a variety of technical problems. From this point of view the book bridges the gap between theoretical advances and practical reliability engineering.
Download or read book An Introduction to Predictive Maintenance written by R. Keith Mobley and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-10-24 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of An Introduction to Predictive Maintenance helps plant, process, maintenance and reliability managers and engineers to develop and implement a comprehensive maintenance management program, providing proven strategies for regularly monitoring critical process equipment and systems, predicting machine failures, and scheduling maintenance accordingly. Since the publication of the first edition in 1990, there have been many changes in both technology and methodology, including financial implications, the role of a maintenance organization, predictive maintenance techniques, various analyses, and maintenance of the program itself. This revision includes a complete update of the applicable chapters from the first edition as well as six additional chapters outlining the most recent information available. Having already been implemented and maintained successfully in hundreds of manufacturing and process plants worldwide, the practices detailed in this second edition of An Introduction to Predictive Maintenance will save plants and corporations, as well as U.S. industry as a whole, billions of dollars by minimizing unexpected equipment failures and its resultant high maintenance cost while increasing productivity. A comprehensive introduction to a system of monitoring critical industrial equipment Optimize the availability of process machinery and greatly reduce the cost of maintenance Provides the means to improve product quality, productivity and profitability of manufacturing and production plants
