Download or read book Against the Galilaeans written by Julian Apostate and published by . This book was released on 2013-11-13 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 363 AD., this is possibly the most censored book in history. Christian Church Father Cyril of Alexandria called it the most dangerous book ever written and it was burned by official edict of the Christian emperor Justinian in 592 AD. Its author, Julian, was himself an emperor of Rome (361-363 AD). Upon taking the throne, reversed the laws making Christianity the Empire's official religion and produced this work refuting the major principles of that religion. Using logic and satire, Julian pointed out the Hebrew origins of the religion, its inherent contradictions and its inversion of classical Hellenic and Roman thought patterns. As a result, he was given the title "Apostate" (from the Greek apostasia, the formal renunciation of a religion) by Christian historians. The book was suppressed after Julian's death in battle the same year it was published, and the last copies were burned by order of Justinian two hundred years later. What remains of Julian's work-captured in these pages-has been reconstructed out of Churchmen's attempts to refute the last pagan emperor of Rome. It is, I think, expedient to set forth to all mankind the reasons by which I was convinced that the fabrication of the Galilaeans is a fiction of men composed by wickedness. - Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus, Emperor of Rome 361-363 A.D. Contents Julianus Apostata: Emperor of Rome (361-363 AD) Biographical Sketch Book I Man Possesses Knowledge of God by Nature; Hellenic Myths; Jewish Myths Compared with Pagan Ideas; Christianity Denies Humans the Ability to Distinguish Right from Wrong; Plato versus Moses; Bible Does Not Say God Created Earth; Hebrew God Only for Jews; Paul's Contradictions about Jews' Chosen Status; Jesus Sent Only to the Jews, not the Gentiles; Paganism's Concept of the Creator; Why are Races Different?; Homer, Moses, and the Confounding of Men's Languages; Differences in Culture between Nations; Moses Claims Hebrew God is Wiser than all Other Gods; Nature at Variance with Christian God; The Ten Commandments Analyzed; Hebrew God says He is Jealous-But Condemns Men for Being Jealous; Hebrew Concept of Revenge Different from Non-Jews; Hebrews Contributed Nothing of Value to Culture, even Though they Claim to be Chosen by their God; The Most Wicked Pagans are not as Bad as the Hebrew God's Vengeance; The Foolish Cult of Worship of the "Corpse of the Jew"; Emptiness of Hebrew Religious Heritage-Except for Savage Barbarity; Christians Emulate "Rages and Bitterness of the Jews"; Why Desert our Gods for the Jews?; No Alexanders or Caesars among the Hebrews; No Hebrew Culture or Arts; The Downgrading Effect of Hebrew Philosophy versus the Uplifting Effect of Hellenic and Roman Writing; Hebrew Writings not Divine; Non-Christians Have Superior Science, Art and Culture; Christianity "Compounds Rashness of the Jews and the Vulgarity of the Gentiles"; Implausibility of Jesus' Divinity; One God or Many?; Further Contradictions of Moses; Bible says Israel, not Jesus, is "God's Firstborn Son"; Bible Demands Burnt Sacrifices But Christians Refuse to Obey; Christians also Disobey Biblical Dietary Laws; Hebrew Laws Change at Will; John was the First to Call Jesus God, not the Bible; Why do Christians Grovel at Tombs?; Christian God Disapproves of the Division of the Sacrifice; Circumcision is Part of the Hebrew Heritage, Not of Others; Shooting Stars and Birds: The Necromancy of Moses; Book II: Fragments "End Times Signs" Always Here; Moses and Jesus; Jesus in the Wilderness and in the City; No-one Else Saw Jesus and the Angel; Ridiculous and Impossible Advice to "Sell All You Have"; Jesus was Supposed to Take Away Sin, but Sin has Increased; Simplicity of Believing Gentiles Mocked by Matthew.

Download or read book Against the Galilaeans Roman Paganism s Champion Argues Against Christianity written by Julian The Apostate and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-17 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Julian the Apostate (Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus, Emperor of Rome 361-363 A.D.) First published in 363 AD., this is possibly the most censored book in history. Christian Church Father Cyril of Alexandria called it the most dangerous book ever written and it was burned by official edict of the Christian emperor Justinian in 592 AD. Its author, Julian, was himself an emperor of Rome (361-363 AD). Upon taking the throne, reversed the laws making Christianity the Empire's official religion and produced this work refuting the major principles of that religion. Using logic and satire, Julian pointed out the Hebrew origins of the religion, its inherent contradictions and its inversion of classical Hellenic and Roman thought patterns. As a result, he was given the title "Apostate" (from the Greek apostasia, the formal renunciation of a religion) by Christian historians. The book was suppressed after Julian's death in battle the same year it was published, and the last copies were burned by order of Justinian two hundred years later. What remains of Julian's work-captured in these pages-has been reconstructed out of Churchmen's attempts to refute the last pagan emperor of Rome. It is, I think, expedient to set forth to all mankind the reasons by which I was convinced that the fabrication of the Galilaeans is a fiction of men composed by wickedness. For they have not accepted a single admirable or important doctrine of those that are held either by us Hellenes or by the Hebrews who derived them from Moses; but from both religions they have gathered what has been engrafted like powers of evil, as it were, on these nations-atheism from the Jewish levity, and a sordid and slovenly way of living from our indolence and vulgarity; and they desire that this should be called the noblest worship of the gods.- Flavius Claudius Julianus Augustus, Emperor of Rome 361-363 A.D.

Download or read book Against the Galileans written by Julian and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2022-08-10 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the Galileans (Latin: Contra Galilaeos), meaning Christians, was a Greek polemical essay written by the Roman emperor Julian, commonly known as Julian the Apostate, during his short reign (361–363). In this essay, Julian describes what he considered to be the mistakes and dangers of the Christian faith and attempts to throw an unflattering light on ongoing disputes inside the Christian Church.

Download or read book Against the Galilaeans written by Juilan The Apostate and published by . This book was released on 2023-05-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the Galileans (where "Galileans" meant the followers of the man from Galilee, or Christians) was written by the last pagan Emperor of Rome, Flavius Claudius Julianus, who lived from 331-363 AD, as part of his attempts to reverse the Empire's conversion to Christianity started by Emperor Constantine in 313 AD. This work was acknowledged by one of Julian's greatest critics, Cyril, the Patriarch of Alexandria, as one of the most powerful books of its sort ever written. Even though Cyril was Patriarch nearly 90 years after Julian's death, he was motivated to write a refutation titled Contra Iulianum ("Against Julian"). For more than 200 years, Julian's book remained the standard criticism of Christianity. Finally, in an attempt to suppress the work, the Emperor Justinian I (527-565) ordered all copies of the book destroyed. As a result, the only record of Julian's book remained in the parts quoted from in it in Cyril's criticism. It was only more than 1,200 years later that the English classical scholar Thomas Taylor (1758-1835) first translated Cyril's work into English-and from that, attempted a reconstruction of Julian's book based on Julian's quotes from Cyril's work. Taylor titled this manuscript "The Arguments of the Emperor Julian against the Christians, translated from the Greek fragments preserved from the Greek fragments preserved by Cyril Bishop of Alexandria, to which are added, Extracts from the other works of Julian relative to the Christians" and privately published his reconstruction in 1809 for a very limited circle of friends. Taylor's reconstruction was finally published for a larger audience by William Nevis in 1873. This new edition contains the full Taylor reconstruction, along with his original appendices. From 1913 to 1923, British-American classical philologist and Professor of Greek at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, Wilmer Cave Wright, retranslated all of Julian's works. Wright included a new translation of the exact quotes only from Julian, as reproduced by Cyril, and some other remaining fragments. Wright's original manuscript is also included in this new edition, making it to be the most complete reconstruction of Julian's book ever printed.

Download or read book Julian s Against the Galileans written by and published by Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2004-11 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flavius Claudius Julianus, better known to history by the name imposed by his Christian opponents, Julian "the Apostate," was a nephew of the first Christian emperor, Constantine I. Julian is one of the most fascinating figures of late antiquity. More information is available about him from both pagan and Christian sources than about any other emperor. His reign inspired both admiration and contempt.Julian''s ambitious program was to reinstate the religion of his ancestors and, in the process, to subdue the growth of the Christian church, which had achieved legitimacy under the reign of his uncle. Once in power, he immediately sought to revive the religion of classical Rome, to reform the pagan priesthood, revitalize training in classics and pagan philosophy and -- as an affront to Christian prophecy -- to rebuild the Jewish temple in Jerusalem.This is the first translation into modern English of the complete corpus of Julian''s Against the Galileans and related writings. It not only puts the work of the philosopher-emperor into historical perspective but offers important insights into the waning days of pagan philosophy and the growth of the Christian church against the background of intellectual and religious opposition. The translations are supported by a full historical introduction to the life of Julian and a detailed treatment of his religious philosophy, including the origins of his understanding of the Christian faith.The work is essential reading for anyone interested in the religions of late antiquity, the growth of the Christian church, and the final phase of the conflict between paganism and Christian teaching.

Download or read book Against the Galilaeans written by Julian the Julian the Apostate and published by . This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the Galilaeans, meaning Christians, was a Greek polemical essay written by the Roman Emperor Flavius Claudius Julianus, commonly known as Julian the Apostate, during his short reign (361-363). Despite having been originally written in Greek, it is better known under its Latin name, probably due to its extensive reference in the polemical response Contra Julianum by Cyril of Alexandria.As emperor, Julian had tried to stop the growing influence of Christianity in the Roman Empire, and had encouraged support for the original pagan imperial cults and ethnic religions of the Empire. In this essay Julian's described what he considered to be the mistakes and dangers of the Christian faith, and he attempted to throw an unflattering light on ongoing disputes inside the Christian Church. Julian portrayed Christians as apostates from Judaism, which the Emperor considered to be a very old and established religion that should be fully accepted. After Julian's death in battle in 363, the essay was anathematized, and even the text was lost. We only know of Julian's arguments second-hand, through texts written by Christian authors who sought to refute Julian.Julian first criticizes the practice of the Galileans of denying the existence of the gods, and their practice, taken from the Greeks, of being lazy and superstitious. Julian claims that men inherently know of the existence of God without being taught of it and that all men have an inherent belief that the gods reside in the heavens and observe what occurs in the world. Further, all men, from looking at the stable nature of the heavenly bodies, have come to believe that the gods are eternal and unchanging.Julian goes on to discuss the creation myths of the Greeks and the Jews, citing the account of the Book of Genesis. He ridicules the idea of literally interpreting the Jewish account, claiming that it is not only logically impossible, he asks how the serpent was able to speak a human language but that is also blasphemous and insulting to God. A true God, he says, would not have withheld the knowledge of good and evil from men or have been jealous of men eating from the tree of life and living forever. Indeed, this behavior shows God to be evil and the serpent, giving man the enormously valuable gift of differentiating good and evil, to be good. Therefore, it must have a deeper meaning.

Download or read book The Last Pagan Emperor written by H. C. Teitler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flavius Claudius Julianus was the last pagan to sit on the Roman imperial throne (361-363). Born in Constantinople in 331 or 332, Julian was raised as a Christian, but apostatized, and during his short reign tried to revive paganism, which, after the conversion to Christianity of his uncle Constantine the Great early in the fourth century, began losing ground at an accelerating pace. Having become an orphan when he was still very young, Julian was taken care of by his cousin Constantius II, one of Constantine's sons, who permitted him to study rhetoric and philosophy and even made him co-emperor in 355. But the relations between Julian and Constantius were strained from the beginning, and it was only Constantius' sudden death in 361 which prevented an impending civil war. As sole emperor, Julian restored the worship of the traditional gods. He opened pagan temples again, reintroduced animal sacrifices, and propagated paganism through both the spoken and the written word. In his treatise Against the Galilaeans he sharply criticised the religion of the followers of Jesus whom he disparagingly called 'Galilaeans'. He put his words into action, and issued laws which were displeasing to Christians--the most notorious being his School Edict. This provoked the anger of the Christians, who reacted fiercely, and accused Julian of being a persecutor like his predecessors Nero, Decius, and Diocletian. Violent conflicts between pagans and Christians made themselves felt all over the empire. It is disputed whether or not Julian himself was behind such outbursts. Accusations against the Apostate continued to be uttered even after the emperor's early death. In this book, the feasibility of such charges is examined.

Download or read book Arguments of Celsus Porphyry and the Emperor Julian Against the Christians written by Cornelius Tacitus and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-11-08 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguments of Celsus, Porphyry and the Emperor Julian Against the Christians is a series of essays by Flavius Josephus. They cover criticism of Christianity by people who lived during the days of Early Christianity.

Download or read book Arguments Against the Christians Celsus Porphyry and the Emperor Julian written by Diodorus of Sicily and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arguments Against the Christians is a literary critique of Christianity. Its incisive remarks extend to key figures, philosophies, and dogmas. The divinity of Jesus is questioned, as is the truthfulness of the apostles and the Christian concept of God on a larger scale. It rejects the gospels as the work of frauds who attributed their own writings to late disciples of Jesus.

Download or read book Against the Christians Arguments of Celsus Porphyry and the Emperor Julian written by Thomas Taylor and published by DigiCat. This book was released on 2023-11-11 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the Christians is a literary critique of Christianity. Its incisive remarks extend to key figures, philosophies, and dogmas. The divinity of Jesus is questioned, as is the truthfulness of the apostles and the Christian concept of God on a larger scale. It rejects the gospels as the work of frauds who attributed their own writings to late disciples of Jesus.

Download or read book The Arguments of the Emperor Julian Against the Christians written by Julian and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-04-03 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emperor Julian, popularly known as "Julian the Apostate," was the last pagan Emperor of Rome. His reign was characterized by his energetic, yet ultimately failed, attempts at revitalizing paganism and halting the advance of Christianity. In this work, many of Julian's arguments against the Christian faith are presented, providing the reader with a fascinating window into the minds of those who struggled against Christianity during its rise to power in Europe. From the introduction by the translator, Thomas Taylor: "As man is naturally a religious animal, and as the true knowledge of divinity is, as Jamblichus beautifully observes, virtue, wisdom, and consummate felicity, nothing can be so important as the acquisition of this knowledge, and, as one of the means of obtaining it, a purification from theological error. Julian, who was certainly one of the most excellent emperors recorded in the annals of history, wrote, I am persuaded, the treatise from which these fragments are taken with no other view than to lead the reader of it to this most sublime knowledge, and the translator of these extracts can most solemnly affirm this was his only aim in translating and printing them."

Download or read book Against the Christians written by Jeffrey W. Hargis and published by Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers. This book was released on 1999 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Against the Christians examines the anti-Christian polemic works of Celsus, Porphyry, and Julian the Apostate. The first book to analyze the phenomenon of early anti-Christian literature in depth, it chooses the critics' objection to Christian exclusivism as its starting point. The evolution in the polemic, from a rhetoric of radical distinction to one of «rhetorical assimilation, » reveals a sophisticated attempt to expose contradictions and inconsistencies within Christianity, while at the same time reflecting the process of fusion between Christianity and the culture of late antiquity.

Download or read book Christian and Pagan in the Roman Empire written by Tertullian and published by Washington, D.C. : Catholic University of America Press. This book was released on 2001-09 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume, Robert D. Sider undertakes a judicious pruning of the original texts and brings a fresh accessibility to the important writings of Tertullian.

Download or read book The Arguments of the Emperor Julian Against the Christians written by Julian (Emperor of Rome) and published by . This book was released on 1932 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Last Pagan written by Adrian Murdoch and published by Inner Traditions. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of Julian, the grandson of Constantine, and his failed attempt to reverse the Christian tide that swept the Roman Empire • Portrays the “Apostate” as a poet-philosopher, arguing that had he survived, Christianity would have been checked in its rise • Details reforms enacted by Julian during his two-year reign that marginalized Christians, effectively limiting their role in the social and political life of the Empire • Shows how after Julian’s death the Church used paganism to represent evil and opposition to God, a tactic whose traces still linger The violent death of the emperor Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus, AD 332-363) on a Persian battlefield has become synonymous with the death of paganism. Vilified throughout history as the “Apostate,” the young philosopher-warrior was the last and arguably the most potent threat to Christianity. The Last Pagan examines Julian’s journey from an aristocratic Christian childhood to his initiation into pagan cults and his mission to establish paganism as the dominant faith of the Roman world. Julian’s death, only two years into his reign, initiated a culture-wide suppression by the Church of all things it chose to identify as pagan. Only in recent decades, with the weakening of the Church’s influence and the resurgence of paganism, have the effects of that suppression begun to wane. Drawing upon more than 700 pages of Julian’s original writings, Adrian Murdoch shows that had Julian lived longer our history and our present-day culture would likely be very different.

Download or read book Intolerance Polemics and Debate in Antiquity written by George H. van Kooten and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Intolerance, Polemics, and Debate in Antiquity politico-cultural, philosophical, and religious forms of critical conversation in the ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, Graeco-Roman, and early-Islamic world are discussed. The contributions enquire into the boundaries between debate, polemics, and intolerance, and address their manifestations in both philosophy and religion.

Download or read book Early Christians Adapting to the Roman Empire written by Niko Huttunen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Early Christians Adapting to the Roman Empire: Mutual Recognition Niko Huttunen challenges the interpretation of early Christian texts as anti-imperial documents. He presents examples of the positive relationship between early Christians and the Roman society. With the concept of “recognition” Huttunen describes a situation in which the parties can come to terms with each other without full agreement. Huttunen provides examples of non-Christian philosophers recognizing early Christians. He claims that recognition was a response to Christians who presented themselves as philosophers. Huttunen reads Romans 13 as a part of the ancient tradition of the law of the stronger. His pioneering study on early Christian soldiers uncovers the practical dimension of recognizing the empire.