Download or read book Aerosol Particles in the Summertime Arctic Lower Troposphere Chemical Composition Sources and Formation written by Franziska Köllner and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemical Composition and Origin of Aerosol Particles Involved in Summertime Arctic Cloud Processes written by Oliver Eppers and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic climate is warming rapidly compared to other regions of the globe with drastic implications for its environment (e.g. sea ice loss). Aerosol particles are an important factor for the energy budget in this polar region as they interact directly or indirectly via cloud formation and processing with solar and terrestrial radiation. However, the interaction between aerosol and clouds in the Arctic is still not fully understood. This study focuses on the occurrence of different aerosol species and their influence on cloud processes in the summertime Arctic. Airborne in-situ measurements of particle composition were conducted in the European Arctic using the single particle mass spectrometer ALABAMA. Ambient aerosol particles and cloud particle residues in the diameter range between 250 nm and 1.6 μm were chemically analyzed. More than 240000 single particle mass spectra were obtained in total during the flights, almost 45000 of them from cloud residuals sampled in clouds. Different particle types were identified by detection of characteristic ion signal markers. This chemical particle analysis was complemented by further measurements of aerosol and cloud properties, trace gases as well as air mass history simulations. This study has found that Arctic cloud residual composition was dominated by triethyl- and/or diethylamine, which were observed for the first time in Arctic aerosol particles. In addition to amines, also sea spray, dicarboxylic acids, nitrate, iodine and elemental carbon were enriched inside the cloud residuals. In contrast, particles in ambient air contained mainly trimethylamine and sea spray inside the boundary layer and ammonium sulfate in the free troposphere. Only little contribution of triethyl- and/or diethylamine to particle composition in ambient air was observed, suggesting these amines were taken up by the cloud droplets from the gas-phase. This hypothesis was further supported by the observed correlation between the ethylated amine fraction and cloud liquid water content indicating their high solubility. Outside the Arctic, a significant contribution of these amines was found in clouds at mid-latitudes as well, suggesting a general importance of amines for cloud processes. Moreover, the cloud residual composition of clouds, which were thermodynamically decoupled from the surface, showed similarities to above-cloud particle composition. Thus, the thermodynamic structure of the clouds seems to play a critical role for the contribution of surface-related aerosol species to Arctic clouds.

Download or read book Sea Salt Aerosol Production written by Ernie R. Lewis and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 152. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) exerts a major influence over a broad reach of geophysics. It is important to the physics and chemistry of the marine atmosphere and to marine geochemistry and biogeochemistry generally. It affects visibility, remote sensing, atmospheric chemistry, and air quality. Sea salt aerosol particles interact with other atmospheric gaseous and aerosol constituents by acting as sinks for condensable gases and suppressing new particle formation, thus influencing the size distribution of these other aerosols and more broadly influencing the geochemical cycles of substances with which they interact. As the key aerosol constituent over much of Earth's surface at present, and all the more so in pre-industrial times, SSA is central to description of Earth's aerosol burden.

Download or read book Chemical Composition and Origin of Aerosol Particles Involved in Summertime Arctic Cloud Processes written by Eppers Oliver and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Computational Approach to Understanding Aerosol Formation and Oxidant Chemistry in the Troposphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of the mechanisms and kinetics of aerosol formation and ozone production in the troposphere is currently a high priority because these phenomena are recognized as two major effects of energy-related air pollution. Atmospheric aerosols are of concern because of their effect on visibility, climate, and human health. Equally important, aerosols can change the chemistry of the atmosphere, in dramatic fashion, by providing new chemical pathways (in the condensed phase) unavailable in the gas phase. The oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and inorganic compounds (e.g., sulfuric acid, ammonia, nitric acid, ions, and mineral) can produce precursor molecules that act as nucleation seeds. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Chemistry Program (ACP) has identified the need to evaluate the causes of variations in tropospheric aerosol chemical composition and concentrations, including determining the sources of aerosol particles and the fraction of such that are of primary and secondary origin. In particular, the ACP has called for a deeper understanding into aerosol formation because nucleation creates substantial concentrations of fresh particles that, via growth and coagulation, influence the Earth's radiation budget. Tropospheric ozone is also of concern primarily because of its impact on human health. Ozone levels are controlled by NOx and by VOCs in the lower troposphere. The VOCs can be either from natural emissions from such sources as vegetation and phytoplankton or from anthropogenic sources such as automobiles and oil-fueled power production plants. The major oxidant for VOCs in the atmosphere is the OH radical. With the increase in VOC emissions, there is rising concern regarding the available abundance of HOx species needed to initiate oxidation. Over the last five years, there have been four field studies aimed at initial measurements of HOx species (OH and HO? radicals). These measurements revealed HOx levels that are two to four times higher than expected from the commonly assumed primary sources. Such elevated abundances of HOx imply a more photochemically active troposphere than previously thought. This implies that rates of ozone formation in the lower region of the atmosphere and the oxidation of SO? can be enhanced, thus promoting the formation of new aerosol properties. Central to unraveling this chemistry is the ability to assess the photochemical product distributions resulting from the photodissociation of by-products of VOC oxidation. We propose to use state-of-the-art theoretical techniques to develop a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of aerosol formation in multicomponent (mixed chemical) systems and the photochemistry of atmospheric organic species. The aerosol studies involve an approach that determines homogeneous gas-particle nucleation rates from knowledge of the molecular interactions that are used to define properties of molecular clusters. Over the past several years we developed Dynamical Nucleation Theory (DNT), a novel advance in the theoretical description of homogeneous gas-liquid nucleation, and applied it to gas-liquid nucleation of a single component system (e.g., water). The goal of the present research is to build upon these advances by extending the theory to multicomponent systems important in the atmosphere (such as clusters containing sulfuric acid, water, ions, ammonia, and organics). In addition, high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations will be used to unravel the chemical reactivity of the OH radical and water clusters.

Download or read book Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry written by Yue Zhang and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uncertainties in the aerosol effects on radiative forcing limit our knowledge of climate change, presenting us with an important research challenge. Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry introduces basic concepts about the characterization, formation, and impacts of ambient aerosol particles as an introduction to graduate students new to the field. Each chapter also provides an up-to-date synopsis of the latest knowledge of aerosol particles in atmospheric chemistry.

Download or read book Chemical Components of Aerosol Particles in the Lower Troposphere Above Central Europe Measured Under Pure air Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.

Download or read book Natural Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds to the Summer Arctic Troposphere written by Emma Louise Mungall and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to chemistry-climate coupling, observations of chemical processes in the atmosphere are crucial to improving understanding of the Earth system and enabling future climate predictions. Quantifying the effect on climate of current and future anthropogenic influence requires first understanding natural processes. This task is complicated by the interactions between natural and anthropogenic emissions. Because the summer Arctic experiences limited anthropogenic influence, it is considered an analog for some pre-industrial atmospheres. Due to its remoteness, observations in the region are scarce. The goals of this thesis were to 1) make observations of the tropospheric composition of the summer Canadian Arctic Archipelago and 2) improve understanding of the sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the region. To achieve the first goal, two new datasets were collected by field deployment of chemical ionization mass spectrometers. The second goal was addressed through analysis of the newly collected data sets, modeling experiments, and laboratory experiments. This work confirmed that local marine sources are the major contributors to high levels of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) in the summer Arctic, and supported the hypothesis that DMS emissions from melt ponds on top of the sea ice may be significant. Unexpectedly, we found that heterogeneous chemistry at the sea surface microlayer emits large quantities of formic acid to the atmosphere, as well as smaller amounts of many other OVOCs, some of which may play a role in the formation of secondary organic aerosol. Methane sulfonic acid in aerosol particles, which has traditionally been considered a conservative tracer for DMS, was shown to be degraded by heterogeneous oxidation during atmospheric transport. Finally, the presence of high levels of formic and acetic acids in the summer Arctic calls into question the current understanding of the sources of these acids. In summary, this thesis begins to paint a clearer picture of the chemical composition of the summer Arctic troposphere while emphasizing that further measurements are badly needed to bring that picture into focus.

Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.

Download or read book Physical and Chemical Properties of Aerosol Particles in the Troposphere written by Patience Gwaze and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Chemistry of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles and Their Resulting Warm Cloud nucleation Properties written by Meagan Julia Kerry Moore and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosol particles are a major component of the troposphere and affect regional and global atmospheric chemistry and climate. The size and chemistry of these particles influences the warm and cold cloud nucleation ability and optical properties of the aerosol particles. This dissertation investigates the atmospheric chemistry of aerosol particles and their role in warm cloud nucleation through a combination of laboratory experiments and field measurements. The effect of organics on the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of sea spray aerosols is described in Chapter 2. Sea spray aerosol produced by bubbling solutions composed of simplistic mixtures of NaCl and oleic acid or SDS had a significant effect on CCN activity, even in very small amounts; while artificial seawater solutions containing microorganisms, the common cyanobacteria (Synechococcus) and DMS-producing green algae (Ostreococcus), produced particles containing ~34 times more carbon than the particles produced from pure ASW, with no significant change observed in the overall CCN activity. During the fall of 2007 and 2008, over 300,000 acres burned in San Diego County wildfires. The resulting particle chemistry and estimated hygroscopicity during these wildfire events are explored in Chapter 3. The contribution of wildfire emissions were much larger and played a more significant role in affecting cloud condensation nuclei and total particle concentrations in 2007 than in 2008. The overall particle hygroscopicity during the biomass burning dominated periods was very similar; however in 2008, the particle hygroscopicity was dominated by local sources rather than biomass burning, due to the much smaller particle size mode. Owens Lake is one of the largest sources of PM2.5 in the Western Hemisphere, producing highly soluble dust plumes, and therefore there is great potential for those particles to impact cloud formation and possibly precipitation in the region. Chapter 4 explores particle chemistry and estimated hygroscopicity at Owens Lake. No significant change in particle hygroscopicity or CCN activity occurred concurrently with the change in mixing of particle classes during two different dust events at Owens Lake; indicating that the large dust particles were most likely completely CCN active and the smaller particles are likely dictating the hygroscopicity, as most of the dust particles are large enough and would activate to become CCN regardless of their hygroscopicity. The Cloud Indirect Forcing Experiment (CIFEX) took place to study the influence of aerosols on cloud properties at Trinidad Head, a coastal site in northern California representing clean marine air with periodic long-range transport. Chapters 5 & 6 explore particle chemistry, mixing state, optical properties and estimated hygroscopicity during CIFEX. Our measurements demonstrate how changes in hygroscopicity and optical properties evolve over time in the atmosphere as a function of particle chemistry and the mixing state of the aerosol. Two distinct oxalate events with enrichment of oxalate on different particle types and sizes suggest two separate sources of oxalate.

Download or read book Mixed Phase Clouds written by Constantin Andronache and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-28 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mixed-Phase Clouds: Observations and Modeling presents advanced research topics on mixed-phase clouds. As the societal impacts of extreme weather and its forecasting grow, there is a continuous need to refine atmospheric observations, techniques and numerical models. Understanding the role of clouds in the atmosphere is increasingly vital for current applications, such as prediction and prevention of aircraft icing, weather modification, and the assessment of the effects of cloud phase partition in climate models. This book provides the essential information needed to address these problems with a focus on current observations, simulations and applications. Provides in-depth knowledge and simulation of mixed-phase clouds over many regions of Earth, explaining their role in weather and climate Features current research examples and case studies, including those on advanced research methods from authors with experience in both academia and the industry Discusses the latest advances in this subject area, providing the reader with access to best practices for remote sensing and numerical modeling

Download or read book The Impact of Desert Dust Across the Mediterranean written by Stefano Guerzoni and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-11-30 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The atmosphere is an important pathway for the transport of continentally-derived material to the oceans. In this respect the Mediterranean Sea is of special importance because its atmosphere receives inputs of anthropogenic aerosols from the north and desert- derived Saharan dusts from the south. The dusts, much of which is transported in the form of seasonal `pulses', have important effects on climate, marine chemistry and sedimentation in the Mediterranean Sea. This volume brings together reviews and specific-topic papers on the following aspects of Saharan dust transport to the Mediterranean Sea: (i) the modelling of Saharan dust transport, (ii) the chemistry and mineralogy of the dusts and their effect on precipitation, (iii) the contribution of the dusts to marine sedimentation, (iv) the aerobiology of the dusts, and (v) climatic implications of Saharan dust transport. The volume is aimed at students and researchers with an interest in the climate, biogeochemistry and geology of the Mediterranean Sea.

Download or read book Aerosol Effects on Climate written by S. G. Jennings and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now a growing awareness that, in addition to the well publicized influence of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases on the warming of the earth's atmosphere, aerosol particles may also play an important role in forcing climate change. This volume brings together previously unavailable data and interpretative analyses, derived from studies in both the U.S. and U.S.S.R., which review, update, and assess aerosol-related climatic effects.

Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosols written by Rekha Kale and published by Scitus Academics LLC. This book was released on 2015-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Aerosols is a vital problem in current environmental research due to its importance in atmospheric optics, energetics, radiative transfer studies, chemistry, climate, biology and public health. Aerosols can influence the energy balance of the terrestrial atmosphere, the hydrological cycle, atmospheric dynamics and monsoon circulations. Because of the heterogeneous aerosol field with large spatial and temporal variability and reduction in uncertainties in aerosol quantification is a challenging task in atmospheric sciences. Keeping this in view the present study aims to assess the impact of aerosols on coastal Indian station Visakhapatnam and the adjoining Bay of Bengal. An aerosol is a colloid of fine solid particles or liquid droplets, in air or another gas. Aerosols can be natural or not. Examples of natural aerosols are fog, forest exudates and geyser steam.

Download or read book Aerosols Anthropogenic and Natural Sources and Transport written by Theodore Joseph Kneip and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: