Download or read book Aerobic Nitrogen Fixation in Azotobacter Vine Landii written by H. B. C. M. Haaker and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Insights Into Mechanisms of Redox Homeostasis in Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Vinelandii written by Alexander Byron Alleman and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overuse of industrial nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental degradation through runoff, lowers soil pH, and generates greenhouse gas emissions. There is considerable interest in promoting biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) as a mechanism to reduce the inputs of nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. However, considerable fundamental knowledge gaps need to be addressed to realize the potential impacts of BNF in agriculture. BNF is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase, which requires a large amount of energy in the form of ATP and low potential electrons. Nitrogen-fixing organisms that respire aerobically have an advantage in meeting the energy demands of BNF but face challenges of protecting nitrogenase from inactivation by oxygen. The model aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter vinelandii has a unique electron transport system that accommodates excess oxygen while producing enough energy for nitrogenase. The mechanism, termed respiratory protection, consumes excess oxygen at the membrane and leads to lower oxygen accumulation in the cytosol. A. vinelandii also contains two enzymes, Rnf and Fix, that deliver reductant to nitrogenase in the form of low potential electrons. A physiological and systems-based approach was taken to understand how the dynamics of the electron transport systems are integrated to protect nitrogenase from oxygen while simultaneously creating enough energy for nitrogen fixation. A metabolic model of A. vinelandii was constructed that accurately determines growth rate under high oxygen and substrate concentrations, demonstrating the large flux directed to the respiratory protection mechanism. Interestingly, the respiratory protection mechanism is also required for accurate predictions even when ammonia is supplemented during growth, suggesting that respiratory protection might be an essential part of normal growth rather than strictly reserved for nitrogenase protection. The model has also shown how A. vinelandii can adapt under different oxygen concentrations, metal availability, and ammonia excreting phenotype by rearranging flux through the electron transport system. Through mutational studies of electron transport enzymes Rnf and Fix, Fix was shown to be required under low oxygen concentrations, and Rnf contributes to the regulation of redox homeostasis under high oxygen. Understanding the energy dynamics in aerobic nitrogen fixation will further allow the development of biotechnologies that can help supplement industrial nitrogenous fertilizer.
Download or read book Azospirillum VI and Related Microorganisms written by Istvan Fendrik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Azospirillum is a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium used for inoculation of cereal and forage crops. The book covers its physiology, ecology, biochemistry, and molecular biology. The most advanced molecular techniques to understand the regulatory mechanisms of nitrogen fixation and ammonia assimilation, as well as the basis of phytohormone production, are included. In particular, the identification of novel types of promoters, specific regulatory circuits, and new regulatory proteins is described. New insights in the plant growth promoting role of the bacteria through the analysis of their interactions with the plant are presented. Also discussed are field applications, allowing the evaluation of the physiological and agronomic involvement of Azospirillum inoculations.
Download or read book Azotobacteraceae written by J.P. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physiological Studies on Nitrogen Fixation by Azotobacter Vinelandii written by Gerald William Strandberg and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Marine Nitrogen Fixation written by Jonathan P. Zehr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-02 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to serve as a centralized reference document for students and researchers interested in aspects of marine nitrogen fixation. Although nitrogen is a critical element in both terrestrial and aquatic productivity, and nitrogen fixation is a key process that balances losses due to denitrification in both environments, most resources on the subject focuses on the biochemistry and microbiology of such processes and the organisms involved in the terrestrial environment on symbiosis in terrestrial systems, or on largely ecological aspects in the marine environment. This book is intended to provide an overview of N2 fixation research for marine researchers, while providing a reference on marine research for researchers in other fields, including terrestrial N2 fixation. This book bridges this knowledge gap for both specialists and non-experts, and provides an in-depth overview of the important aspects of nitrogen fixation as it relates to the marine environment. This resource will be useful for researchers in the specialized field, but also useful for scientists in other disciplines who are interested in the topic. It would provide a possible text for upper division classes or graduate seminars.
Download or read book The Fundamentals of Nitrogen Fixation written by J. R. Postgate and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1982-12-23 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemistry, physiology, genetics and ecology of nitrogen fixating micro-organisms are described. The value of this fundamental knowledge for symbiotic and near-symbiotic systems is shown
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation written by John Raymond Postgate and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an introductory-level survey of biological nitrogen fixation, covering the role of the process in the global nitrogen cycle as well as its biochemistry, physiology, genetics, ecology, general biology and prospects for its future exploitation.
Download or read book Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Free Living Bacteria written by Werner Klipp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-28 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetics and Regulation of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria This book is the second volume of a seven-volume series, which covers all fields of research related to nitrogen fixation - from basic studies through applied aspects to environmental impacts. Volume II provides a comprehensive and detailed source of information concerning the genetics and regulation of biological nitrogen fixation in free-living prokaryotes. This preface attempts to provide the reader with some insight into how this volume originated, how it was planned, and then how it developed over the several years of its production. Once the editorial team was established, the first job was to decide which of the many free-living diazotrophs that have been subjected to genetic analysis should be included in this volume. Would we need to develop specific criteria for selection or would the organisms, in effect, select themselves? Of course, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii, which have served (and still serve) as the main model organisms for the genetic analysis of diazotrophy, plus some of the other bacteria described in this volume, did indeed select themselves. However, there was considerable discussion surrounding well-characterized fixing species, like Azorhizobium caulinodans and Herbaspirillum seropedicae, both of which are able to fix atmospheric N under free-living conditions.
Download or read book The Regulation of Nitrogen Fixation in Azotobacter Vinelandii written by Thomas Harding Merriewether and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis Part 2 written by Richard W. Weaver and published by ACSESS. This book was released on 1994 with total page 1164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil sampling for microbiological analysis; Statistical treatment of microbial data; Soil sterilization; Soil water potencial; Most probable number counts; Light microscopic methods for studying soil microorganisms; Viruses; Recovery and enumeration of viable bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Autotrophic nitrifying bacteria; Free-living dinitrogen-fixing bacteria; Legume nodule symbionts; Anaerobic bacteria and processes; Denitrifiers; Actiomycetes; Frankia and the actinorhizal symbiosis; Filamentous fungi; Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Isolation of microorganisms producting antibiotics; Microbiological procedures for biodegradation research; Algae and cyanobacteria; Marking soil bacteria with lacZY; Detection of specific DNA sequences in environmental sample via polymerase chaim reaction; Isolation and purification of bacterial DNA from soil; Microbial biomass; Soil enzymes; Carbon mineralization; Isotopic methods for the study of soil organic matter dynamics ; Practical considerations in the use of nitrogen tracers in agricultural and environmental research; Nitrogen availability; Nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification; Dinitrogen fixation; Measuring denitrification in the field; Sulfur oxidation and reduction in soils; Iron and manganese oxidation and reduction.
Download or read book Investigations in Biological Nitrogen Fixation with Cell free Preparations written by George Edward Hoch and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Superoxide Dismutase Analyses of Azotobacter Vinelandii and Other Aerobic Free living Nitrogen fixing Bacteria written by Edward R. B. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation by Azotomonas Species written by Ronald Anthony Parejko and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Enzymatic Bioelectrocatalysis written by Kenji Kano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-13 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the fundamental aspects of the electrochemistry and redox enzymes that underlie enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, in which a redox enzyme reaction is coupled with an electrode reaction. Described here are the basic concept and theoretical aspects of bioelectrocatalysis and the various experimental techniques and materials used to study and characterize related problems. Also included are the various applications of bioelectrocatalysis to bioelectrochemical devices including biosensors, biofuel cells, and bioreactors. This book is a unique source of information in the area of enzymatic bioelectrocatalysis, approaching the subject from a cross-disciplinary point of view.
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation by Free Living Micro Organisms written by William Duncan Patterson Stewart and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1975 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1976 volume provides information, presented at an international symposium in Edinburgh, on the free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria and blue-green algae. In addition to information on the distribution of the nitrogenase enzyme within these groups, their role in the soil and in aquatic systems is considered, as are the methods of measuring nitrogen fixation.
Download or read book Biology of the Nitrogen Cycle written by Hermann Bothe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
