Download or read book Aerobic Digestion of Waste Activated Sludge from Biological Nutrient Removal Activated Sludge Systems written by Michael Kidane Mebrahtu and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Design and Retrofit of Wastewater Treatment Plants for Biological Nutritient Removal written by Clifford W. Randall and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-05-06 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents information that can be used for the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants that utilize biological nutrient removal processes, i.e., processes that utilize biological mechanisms instead of chemical mechanisms, to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewaters. The book provides: basic fundamentals, concepts, and theories; design of prefermentation units, various types of BNR systems, and secondary clarifiers; retrofitting conventional activated sludge plants; modeling considerations; and special considerations for BNR systems. It includes full-scale and pilot plant case histories, design examples, and retrofit of existing plants.

Download or read book An Operator s Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal BNR in the Activated Sludge Process written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by Chemical Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-05-19 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents - List of Tables - List of Figures - PART ONE: NITRIFICATION - Chapter 1 Introduction - Chapter 2 Nitrogenous and Phosphorous Compounds - Chapter 3 Nitrification: The Basics - Chapter 4 Nitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 5 Nitrification and Limiting Factors - Chapter 6 Promoting Nitrification - PART TWO: DENITRIFICATION - Chapter 7 Denitrification: The Basics - Chapter 8 Denitrifying Bacteria - Chapter 9 Denitrification and Limiting Factors - PART THREE: BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL - Chapter 10 Biological Phosphorus Removal: The Basics - Chapter 11 EBPR: Process Control - Abbreviations and Acronyms - Glossary - Bibliography - Biological nutrient removal (BNR), the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, is a complex process. Although the activated sludge process is an efficient technology for the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS), it provides less-than-optimal conditions for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus, and presents numerous challenges to the operator trying to satisfy the many requirements for several different groups of bacteria. In addition to satisfying the requirements there are numerous, highly variable operational conditions that impact BNR. These conditions include: changes in strength and composition of the wastewater, alkalinity and pH, temperature, and presence of inhibitory and toxic wastes. Even fluctuations in flows, especially from inflow and infiltration, can adversely impact the aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic conditions needed for successful BNR. Of the three treatment processes, nitrification, denitrification, and enhanced biological removal, nitrification is often the most difficult to achieve. Therefore, a large portion of this book reviews nitrification. Operators of the activated sludge process need to understand the basic biological, chemical, and physical requirements for BNR in order to improve the performance of these treatment processes. An Operator's Guide to Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) in the Activated Sludge Process is intended to help operators in the monitoring, troubleshooting, and process control of BNR. Numerous tables and figures are included in the book to help the operator understand the biological and chemical reactions that are involved in BNR processes and how the reactions can be monitored for process control. Design of BNR processes is not addressed in this book. Design is addressed in numerous engineering publications. The book serves to help operators achieve permit compliance for nitrogen and phosphorus discharge limits and obtain cost-effective operation. -

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal BNR Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants WEF Manual of Practice No 30 written by Water Environment Federation and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2006 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MOP 109 & WEF MOP 30 describes the theory, equipment, and practical techniques needed to optimize BNR in varied environments.

Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment Revised and Expanded written by Carlos D.M. Filipe and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-10-15 with total page 1098 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by noted experts in the field sharing extensive academic and industrial experience, this thoroughly updated Second Edition covers commonly used and new suspended and attached growth reactors. The authors discuss combined carbon and ammonia oxidation, activated sludge, biological nutrient removal, aerobic digestion, anaerobic processes, lagoons, trickling filters, rotating biological contactors, fluidized beds, and biologically aerated filters. They integrate the principles of biochemical processes with applications in the real world-communicating approaches to the conception, design, operation, and optimization of biochemical unit operations in a comprehensive yet lucid manner.

Download or read book Handbook Biological Waste Water Treatment Design and Optimisation of Activated Sludge Systems written by and published by Webshop Wastewater Handbook. This book was released on 2007 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its conception almost a century ago, the activated sludge system has emerged as the dominant waste water treatment technology, with tens of thousands of implementations worldwide. The pivotal role played by the activated sludge system was originally due to its high efficiency in COD- and suspended solids removal, while more recently new processes for the removal of the macro-nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus have easily been accommodated.

Download or read book Handbook of Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Adrianus van Haandel and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scope of this comprehensive new edition of Handbook of Biological Wastewater Treatment ranges from the design of the activated sludge system, final settlers, auxiliary units (sludge thickeners and digesters) to pre-treatment units such as primary settlers and UASB reactors. The core of the book deals with the optimized design of biological and chemical nutrient removal. The book presents the state-of-the-art theory concerning the various aspects of the activated sludge system and develops procedures for optimized cost-based design and operation. It offers a truly integrated cost-based design method that can be easily implemented in spreadsheets and adapted to the particular needs of the user. Handbook of Biological Wastewater Treatment: Second Edition incorporates valuable new material that improves the instructive qualities of the first edition. The book has a new structure that makes the material more readily understandable and the numerous additional examples clarify the text. On the website www.wastewaterhandbook.com three free excel design spreadsheets for different configurations (secondary treatment with and without primary settling and nitrogen removal) can be downloaded to get the reader started with their own design projects. New sections have been added throughout: to explain the difference between true and apparent yield while the section on the F/M ratio, and especially the reasons not to use it, has been expanded; to demonstrate the effect of the oxygen recycle to the anoxic zones on both the denitrification capacity and the concept of available nitrate is explained in more detail. the latest developments on the causes and solution to sludge bulking and scum formation to show the rapid developments of innovative nitrogen removal and sludge separation problems the anaerobic pre-treatment section is completely rewritten based on the experiences obtained from an extensive review of large full-scale UASB based sewage treatment plants a new section on industrial anaerobic wastewater treatment three new appendices have been added. These deal with the calibration of the denitrification model, empirical design guidelines for final settler design (STORA/STOWA and ATV) and with the potential for development of denitrification in the final settler. A new chapter on moving bed biofilm reactors Handbook of Biological Wastewater Treatment: Second Edition is written for post graduate students and engineers in consulting firms and environmental protection agencies. It is an invaluable resource for everybody working in the field of wastewater treatment. Lecturer support material is available when adopted for university courses. This includes course material for the first 7 modules in the form of PDF printouts and an exercise file with questions and answers and a symbol list. Authors: Prof. dr. ir. A.C. van Haandel, Federal University of Campina Grande - Brazil and Ir. J.G.M. van der Lubbe, Biothane Systems International - Veolia, The Netherlands

Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by C. P. Leslie Grady Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-05-09 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following in the footsteps of previous highly successful and useful editions, Biological Wastewater Treatment, Third Edition presents the theoretical principles and design procedures for biochemical operations used in wastewater treatment processes. It reflects important changes and advancements in the field, such as a revised treatment of the micr

Download or read book Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors written by Marcos Von Sperling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors is the fifth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The first part of the book is devoted to the activated sludge process, covering the removal of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus.A detailed analysis of the biological reactor (aeration tank) and the final sedimentation tanks is provided. The second part of the book covers aerobic biofilm reactors, especially trickling filters, rotating biological contractors and submerged aerated biofilters. For all the systems, the book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 4: Anaerobic Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal

Download or read book Environmental Engineering and Activated Sludge Processes written by Olga Sanchez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-06-22 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. The activated sludge process is one of the most versatile and commonly used wastewater treatment systems in the world. In the past, when industrial wastewater treatment focused on removing biological oxygen demand and suspended solids, waste water plants needed different processes and technology

Download or read book Advances in Wastewater Treatment written by Giorgio Mannina and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-10-15 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Wastewater Treatment presents a compendium of the key topics surrounding wastewater treatment, assembled by looking at the future technologies, and provides future perspectives in wastewater treatment and modelling. It covers the fundamentals and innovative wastewater treatment processes (such as membrane bioreactors and granular process). Furthermore, it focuses attention on mathematical modelling aspects in the field of wastewater treatments by highlighting the key role of models in process design, operation and control. Other topics include: • Anaerobic digestion • Biological nutrient removal • Instrumentation, control and automation • Computational fluid dynamics in wastewater • IFAS systems • New frontiers in wastewater treatment • Greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment Each topic is addressed by discussing past, present and future trends. Advances in Wastewater Treatment is a valid support for researchers, practitioners and also students to have a frame of the frontiers in wastewater treatment and modelling.

Download or read book Activated Sludge Developments And Sustainable Solutions written by Nicholas F Gray and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2023-02-27 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated sludge is the most widely used biological wastewater treatment process globally to date, although its high energy demand makes it a major contributor of greenhouse gas emissions. Over recent decades it has been constantly modified and retrofitted to treat ever higher loads or improve effluent standards which have often resulted in even greater carbon emissions. Conventional activated sludge treatment is at a crossroads where new sustainable solutions are required if we are to protect the quality of our rivers and meet net-zero carbon targets.The book details current operation and design with special emphasis on the biological aspects of the process. From the microbial kinetics to the fascinating process of floc formation and development, the book explores the development of our understanding of the process looking at new sustainable designs, including biological nutrient removal and new aeration systems. Sludge separation problems and control options are explained, with a trouble-shooting guide to non-bulking problems. Environmental issues including noise, odor, aerosols, micro-plastics and nanoparticles are all reviewed, as is pathogen removal and the problem of antibiotic resistant genes and bacteria. The development of membrane bioreactors has increased process reliability and effluent quality, while integrated fixed-film activated sludge processes are more efficient and compact. The book concludes by exploring how activated sludge can become more sustainable, for example, by carbon harvesting and byproduct recovery.This interdisciplinary book is essential reading for both engineers and scientists whether training at university or practitioners and consultants in the wastewater industry.Related Link(s)

Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal BNR Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by Water Environment Federation and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2005-11-15 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BNR is a fast-growing method of removing biological pollutants (bacteria, etc.) from wastewater. Experts from both the Water Environment Federation and the American Society of Civil Engineers have collaborated on this definitive work which is intended to be a practical manual for plant managers and operators who needed current information on BNR.

Download or read book Applications of Aerobic Granular Sludge and Source separated Urine for Enhanced Nutrient Removal and Recovery written by Stephany Wei and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutrient removal is one of the main goals of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to prevent eutrophication in the environment. The growing population and increasingly stringent discharge limits impose a need for intensification of existing wastewater infrastructure to maximize treatment capacity in the available space. The secondary goals of wastewater treatment are related to sustainability, such as reduced chemical usage and resource recovery. This thesis aims to find actionable maps for compact wastewater treatment solutions and new concepts for nutrient recovery with four specific objectives. (1) Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is an emerging technology that can enhance biological nutrient removal with reduced footprint. The current AGS technology is implemented in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) and its integration into existing full-scale continuous flow activate sludge (CFAS) systems is the next challenge to make this technology widely accessible. This thesis aims to address this research gap by understanding the selection factors contributing to granule growth in CFAS systems, investigating the partitioning of microbial community between granules versus flocs, and exploring strategies for cultivating granules in a WWTP. The major conclusions from this work are the following: (i) Aerobic granules were discovered to naturally occur at 13 surveyed CFAS plants and their abundance were related to key design features such as high anaerobic food to mass ratios and influent soluble carbon fraction. Molecular analyses indicated that process configurations that select for slow-growing heterotrophs may also play an important role. (ii) In a hybrid granular activated sludge reactor, flocs offered better growth conductions for polyphosphate accumulating organisms while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria benefitted from the longer SRT in the granules. A complex relationship of microbial competition/cooperation between granules and flocs was demonstrated, highlighting the important role of small particles in maintaining the nutrient removal capacity of a hybrid granule/floc system. (iii) Full-scale application of a novel biocarrier technology for intensifying a CFAS plant was demonstrated with an all-organic media made of kenafs to facilitate biofilm attachment. The biofilm aggregates developed were comparable to SBR-type aerobic granules in terms of physical characteristics and activities of key microbial functional groups. (2) Phosphorus recovery is gaining importance as the global phosphorus reserves is a finite resource. Struvite (MgNH4PO4. 6H2O) is a proven slow-releasing fertilizer that can be obtained via precipitation. Struvite precipitation at WWTPs uses reject water from anaerobic digesters, but sludge thickening prior to digestion is needed to obtain high enough P concentrations in the struvite reactor as necessary to drive precipitation kinetics. This research aims to utilize the high thickening characteristics of AGS to demonstrate the production of a P-rich stream by simple anaerobic holding of the waste granular sludge. This concept was tested with aerobic granules cultivated on aquaculture waste, achieving a P-rich stream without the need for sludge thickening equipment or anaerobic digester. (3) Resource recovery at a WWTP can be limited by existing infrastructure and diluted concentrations. On the other hand, urine collected at the source (source-separated urine) offers an alternative stream for struvite recovery and is more favorable to centralized WWTP in terms of sustainable nutrient management. Struvite recovery from urine is well-demonstrated but due to the disproportionally high N/P ratio, significant amount of ammonia is remained after the struvite recovery step and requires additional treatment. The industrial production of nitrogen fertilizer via the Haber Bosch process consumes 1 – 2% of the global energy usage, and thus recycling of nitrogen from wastewater is desired. This thesis tested a chemical/physical process that combines air stripping and acid scrubbing at pilot-scale and demonstrated 93% N removal, from which 85% was recovered in the form of ammonium sulfate fertilizer. (4) While nitrogen recovery via chemical/physical processes is a viable option (as identified in objective 3), the high energy demand is a major drawback. Biological nitrification offers a promising alternative as its energy input is lower than chemical/physical processes and the product (nitrified urine) is a good fertilizer. Urine can consist of varying compositions of ammonia and urea and in some cases (e.g., fresh urine), microbial hydrolysis of urea (ureolysis) is the first step towards obtaining a nitrified urine product. However, little is known about the ureolytic metabolism of nitrifying organisms and how their cellular regulations control the selective use of different nitrogen substrates. This thesis characterized the ureolytic physiology of five ammonia oxidizer isolates and showcased their varying regulatory responses to alternative nitrogen substrates.

Download or read book Bioaugmentation with Sidestream Granular Sludge for Nitrification in Activated Sludge Wastewater Treatment written by John Andrews Carter and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stricter effluent permits and growing metropolitan areas have contributed to a move towards the intensification of biological treatment processes for water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Process intensification with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has the potential to increase the treatment capacity of WRRFs and enable or increase biological nutrient removal without increasing footprint. Growth of AGS in continuous flow activated sludge (CFAS) facilities has yet to be fully realized, despite the success of AGS wastewater treatment in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Sidestream growth and bioaugmentation of AGS aim to take advantage of the selection pressures for growth of granular sludge in SBRs to increase the treatment and nutrient removal capacity of a CFAS system. A sidestream SBR fed acetate and anaerobic digestion centrate diluted with final effluent was used to grow AGS enriched with ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) to evaluate the effect of sidestream AGS bioaugmentation on a low solids retention time (SRT) non-nitrifying CFAS system in a pilot plant study. The CFAS system had a hydraulic separator unit for the purpose of uncoupling the SRTs of granular and flocculent sludge to enhance the impact of bioaugmentation. The sidestream SBR was operated for a 6.5-month period at an NH3-N loading of 0.31 ± 0.04 g/L-d, an SRT of 25-30 days, and a mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration between 8.6 and 14.4 g/L. The sidestream NH3-N loading averaged 21% of the mainstream NH3-N loading, to represent a typical proportion for full-scale treatment systems with anaerobic sludge digestion. Specific nitrification rates (SNRs) varied between 1.2 and 1.4 mg NH3-N/g VSS-hr. A low DO:NH3-N concentration ratio of 0.06 mg/mg or less during the aeration phase resulted in suppression of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) growth and thus shortcut nitrogen removal with over 89% simultaneous nitrification/denitrification. NOB suppression was evident because of an effluent NO2-:/NO3-N ratio of greater than 1.0 and a qPCR AOB to NOB ratio of between 3 and 4. A high COD:N removed ratio of 6.0 – 7.0 resulted in PAOs to be in the granule outer aerobic layers besides the inner core to thus compete with AOBs for space and dissolved oxygen, which would limit AOB activity causing a lower SNR than expected based on prior operation with the same reactor. The mainstream pilot was seeded with return activated sludge from a local WRRF and operated at two different time periods: Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 1 provided initial operating experience for the CFAS system but was shut down for pilot plant repairs and modifications before bioaugmentation could be started. Phase 2 lasted 56 days with 3 operating conditions: 1) 16 days for baseline flocculent sludge operation, 2) a spike of sidestream AGS and operation for 20 days, and 3) 20 days with continual sidestream bioaugmentation. After bioaugmentation the separator only captured 40-50% of the granular sludge, which limited the fraction of granules in the MLSS from 17.1 to 40.5%, the granular to floc SRT ratio to an average of 1.5, and the nitrification efficiency to increase by 20 to 30%.

Download or read book Wastewater Treatment Systems written by Gustaf Olsson and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 1999-05-31 with total page 740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a book for those operating and studying biological wastewater treatment plants. It introduces the state-of-the-art in process systems analysis (modelling and simulation, monitoring and diagnosis, process control and instrumentation) and in particular its application to wastewater treatment. While the emphasis is on biological nutrient removal, there is discussion of anaerobic treatment, and the principles apply to any treatment process. For the computer literate there is also a collection of MATLAB programs and functions that are mentioned throughout the book. They will run on both the professional and student editions of MATLAB Version 5. Contents Modelling Plant Dynamics, Basic Modelling, Advanced Modelling Empirical or Black-Box Models, Experiments and Data Screening, Principles of Parameter Estimation, Fitting and Validating Models, Simulators Diagnosis Diagnosis - an Introduction, Quality Management, Model Based Diagnosis, Knowledge Based Systems Control Goals and Strategies, Disturbances Manipulated Variables, Feedback Control, Model Based Control, Batch Plant Control, Plant Wide Control, Benefit Studies Instrumentation Primary Sensors, Analysers Actuators and Controllers The Future

Download or read book Secondary Settling Tanks written by G. A. Ekama and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The secondary settling tank (SST) plays a major ro