Download or read book Aerial Pesticide Spray Drift Models for Use in Regulatory Applications written by B. L. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantification of Spray Drift from Aerial Applications of Pesticide written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With widespread use of pesticides in modern agriculture, the impacts of spray drift have become a topic of considerable interest. The drifting of sprays is a highly complex process influenced by many factors. Advances in aerial application technology and in our ability to measure drift, coupled with the adoption of new technologies for regulating pesticide application have necessitated further research in the pesticide application process. Experiments were conducted to quantify spray drift and describe its movement from aerial applications of pesticide. The effects of spray quality, atomizer type and ground cover were examined. Initial airborne drift amounts were greater than downwind deposits, thus not all of the drifting spray was deposited in the measuring area. Total off-target movement of spray was significantly greater for Fine compared to Coarse sprays. Rotary and hydraulic atomizers, both producing Fine sprays, produced statistically similar off-target movement of sprays. Similarly, no significant statistical differences in spray drift between applications to bare ground and applications to a headed barley crop canopy were not identified. Contrary to expectations, aerial application to bare ground seemed to result in less off-target movement than application to a crop canopy. The vertical spray cloud profiles were similar for all applications with the greatest amount of spray present at the height of release. Spray concentrations diminished from that height upward with diffusion and downward with deposition. The empirical data disagreed with the mechanistic model AgDISP which is currently used in the Canadian regulatory process. The model over-predicted drift deposition by a factor of two to five. Variability in spray deposit values could not be attributed to average differences in meteorological conditions at the time of application. Experiments with appropriate protocols for increased sensitivity may be required to more accurately report subtle differences.
Download or read book Forestry Pesticide Aerial Spraying written by J. J. C. Picot and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals quantitatively with the generation, dispersion, and deposition of pesticide droplets on vegetation and with off-target drift of undeposited droplets. A computer simulation model of calculating dispersion, deposition, and drift is described with comparisons between calculated results and field measurement results. The model includes the effects of aircraft vortex, atmospheric turbulence, droplet evaporation, and droplet deposition on foliage. Model output includes values of droplet deposit density and size on foliage and ground as well as droplet concentration and size in the drift cloud. In addition, a detailed description of droplet atomizer characterization methods is presented along with a large number of atomizer spectrum results for atomizers in current use. An analysis of a number of forestry spraying innovations is presented. This text is an essential tool in assessing the efficacy and environmental impact of proposed and actual forest spray operations.
Download or read book Spray Drift Exposure Assessment written by RW. Holst and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pesticide Registration Guidelines and certain regulations governing the application of pesticides under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) have undergone changes in recent years. In the area of spray drift evaluation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is still actively pursuing technical and scientific questions associated with pesticide drift and the possible exposure of humans, animals, and plants to spray drift. A problem still to be addressed is that of building a comprehensive data base of downwind quantification and droplet distribution data through the use of wind tunnel studies or direct in-flight assessments. The specific data requirements for these studies have not as yet been completed. In the areas of application safety and precautionary statements, the EPA has increasingly worked with the individual states and through the State-Federal Issues Research and Evaluation Group (SFIREG). Coordinated work is continuing with other federal agencies and interested groups in the areas of spray drift research and pesticide application methodology through such programs as Self-Regulating Application and Flight Efficiency (SAFE) and Pesticide Applicator Training (PAT). Also within this effort is the application of numerous exposure models in a broad spectrum of environmental fate determinations. These models are based on an ever-increasing amount of data with corroboration by monitoring studies. The spray drift models will be used for exposure analysis by registrants and EPA personnel and by pesticide applicators for application safety and efficiency. These various aspects of pesticide data generation, modeling, and group interaction comprise part of the EPA's continuing effort to provide sensible and current regulation of pesticide application and use in order to ensure the availability of necessary pesticides and still protect the environment.
Download or read book Eighth Report National Spray Model and Application Technology Working Group Meeting USDA Forest Service Technical Working Group written by Harold Thistle and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spray Drift Management written by Primary Industries Standing Committee and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2002 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This practical guide focuses on managing the risks of spray drift and includes information on appropriate handing practices to ensure a safe workplace.
Download or read book Fourteenth Report National Spray Model and Application Technology Working Group Meeting August 4 5 2004 Ottawa Ontario Canada written by Harold Thistle and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eighth Report written by Harold W. Thistle (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Records the minutes of the National Spray Model and Application Technology Working Group in Orlando, FL, July 15 and 16, 1998. Appendixes include the meeting call letter and agenda, list of attendees, and report summaries titled: Windbreak Cooperative Effort; Pesticide Spray Coverage Analyzer; Visualization and Quantification of Spray Drift; Continuum Dynamics, Inc., Status on the Modeling of the Aerial Application Rates of Pesticides; Significant Model Improvements (from AGDISP to AgDrift); Spray Drift Task Force Model Evaluation; and Summary Notes From Forest Service Work-Planning Session, Oconomowoc, WI.
Download or read book Tenth Report National Spray Model and Application Technology Working Group Meeting written by Patricia J. Skyler and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Regulation of Pesticide Application with Respect to Spray Drift written by RW. Holst and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act mandates that the Administrator will make a determination as to whether a pesticide "will perform its intended function without unreasonable adverse effects on the environment." Spray drift has become. in many instances, an unreasonable adverse effect to humans, fish, wildlife, and plants. Presently, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is building its expertise to understand the overall subject of spray drift, the factors causing and affecting it, and the numerous problems that can be associated with it. In an effort to understand and evaluate spray drift, guidelines are being proposed that would afford the EPA the opportunity to collect data from actual spray drift tests. Certain regulations, such as those governing the quantities of pesticides applied, the buffer zones, and the use of aerial application, could be implemented as necessary on the basis of these and other actual data.
Download or read book Twelfth Report National Spray Model and Application Technology Working Group Meeting written by Patricia J. Skyler and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computational Design of Chemicals for the Control of Mosquitoes and Their Diseases written by James Devillers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a compelling need for new drugs and efficient treatments against mosquito-borne diseases. Environmentally safe, but effective insecticides that address the problems of resistance are required. Computational Design of Chemicals for the Control of Mosquitoes and Their Diseases explains how the search for new substances effective against mosquitoes and their diseases has benefited from the use of in silico techniques. QSAR modeling is suited to identify the key structural features and/or physicochemical properties explaining an activity and to propose candidate molecules for further evaluation by laboratory tests. Homology modeling is useful to approximate the 3D structure of proteins of interest. Pharmacophore modeling is a powerful means to capture the chemical features responsible for an activity and to identify new potentially active compounds via the virtual screening of databases. Fugacity modeling and a wealth of other modeling paradigms are useful for risk assessment in vector borne disease control.
Download or read book Field Scale Evaluation of Spray Drift Reduction Technologies from Ground and Aerial Application Systems written by Bradley K. Fritz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to evaluate a proposed test plan for the validation testing of pesticide spray drift reduction technologies (DRTs) for row and field crops, focusing on the testing of ground and aerial application systems under full-scale field evaluations. The measure of performance for a given DRT tested under field conditions is the downwind deposition as measured on horizontal fallout collectors. Ground and aerial application equipment were evaluated for in-swath and downwind deposition of sprays as applied by both a reference system and a drift reducing technology. For this study, the reference system was defined as a spray boom outfitted with the ASABE Fine/Medium boundary reference nozzles. For the ground system, the drift reducing system tested was a ground sprayer outfitted with an air-induction version of the reference nozzle. The aerial system DRT was a flat fan nozzle specifically designed for aerial application usage. Downwind deposition was measured from the edge of the swath out to 100 m downwind. Additionally, the airborne portion of the spray remaining suspended in the air at 50 m downwind was measured. There were a number of confounding issues with the measured data including poor recovery of deposits and non-ideal wind directions during specific replications. Even with these issues, the drift reduction between the reference and DRT system measured in the field for the aerial trials was similar to that estimated using the agricultural dispersion model. A number of additional improvements and checks are suggested prior to further field evaluations.
Download or read book Field Collected and AGDISP Predicted Spray Flux from an Aerial Application written by WC. Hoffmann and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As computer models are increasingly being integrated into modem agricultural operations, the comparison of field-collected data to the model prediction improves the confidence that aerial applicators, researchers, and regulators have in the model. The field-collected data were compared to the AGDISP model predictions for the tests conducted in soybeans and cotton and over a concrete runway on two different days. The meteorological effects on spray movement were then explored by analyzing individual replications in the spray trials. The effect of varying the surface roughness coefficient over the range of values for bare ground (i.e., runways) in the AGDISP model on downwind spray movement was determined. The final analyses presented showed the dramatic decrease in downwind spray movement as a result of increasing canopy height as predicted by the AGDISP model.
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Computer Model for Predicting Aerial Pesticide Spray Drift and Deposition written by SENES Consultants Limited and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aerial Application Equipment Guide 2003 written by Bill Kilroy and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
