Download or read book Aeration of Grain in Subtropical Climates written by Shlomo Navarro and published by Steve Parish. This book was released on 1982 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Aeration of Grain Subtropical Climates written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Mechanics and Physics of Modern Grain Aeration Management written by Shlomo Navarro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-09-14 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The tightening of health and environmental regulations by banning chemical pesticides has generated the need for alternative technologies to solve grain storage problems. Aeration is such an option that can be applied to stored grain and a wide range of agricultural commodities to control insects and maintain quality. The Mechanics and Physics of M

Download or read book Evaluation of Ambient and Chilled Aeration Strategies to Maintain the Quality of Stored Grain in Tropical Climates and During Summer in Temperate Climates written by Alejandro Morales Quiros and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of grain aeration as a tool to minimize post-harvest losses requires lower ambient temperature (≤ 20°C) and relative humidity (≤ 70%) conditions than what is usually available during the summer season in temperate climates and throughout the year in some tropical climate regions. Warm and moist conditions contribute to pest problems and increase dependence on chemical control for pest reduction as part of grain management strategies. The grain chilling technology is a non-chemical alternative to cool grain stored under high risk climatic conditions. For this research project, the grain chilling technology was tested in a 1,350-ton low moisture content wheat silo during the 2015 and 2016 summer harvests in Kansas. The grain temperature was lowered from a maximum of 39°C to a minimum of 17°C in less than 250 hours. The results showed that chilled grain maintained at temperatures under 20°C reduced the development rate of insect pests compared to grain stored at temperatures over 25°C and cooled with ambient aeration. However, the cost of grain chilling was calculated to be between 0.26 and 0.32 $/t higher than using ambient aeration. Through computer simulation it was possible to evaluate the performance of the grain chiller against four different ambient aeration strategies for paddy rice stored under the tropical climatic conditions of the North Pacific coast of Costa Rica. After six months of storage, the minimum grain temperature achieved through ambient aeration was 30.8°C using an aeration strategy based on a grain-ambient temperature differential greater than 10°C. Grain chilling lowered the average grain temperature from 35°C to below 15°C in 117 hours and the maximum average temperature it registered after six months of storage was 15.5°C. The economic evaluation of the simulated ambient aeration and chilling strategy determined that the operational costs of grain chilling were between 2 and 4 $/t lower than ambient aeration plus fumigation. However, the initial cost of the grain chiller made the net present cost (NPC) of the chilling strategy between 0.22 and 0.85 $/t higher than the cost of ambient aeration plus fumigation over a 10-year analysis. Several potential financial options were analyzed to make the grain chiller more economically feasible for a rice miller in Costa Rica. It was concluded that the grain chilling technology can reduce grain temperatures below 20°C in a relatively short period of time, which helps control insect populations and maintain grain quality during summer storage in temperate climates and in tropical climates. Utilizing grain chilling reduced operational costs between 78% and 88% when compared to using chemical control of pests. Additionally, it was determined that an initial cost of $74,700 for the grain chiller would require a 16% discount or at least 10,641 t to be chilled annually to make this technology viable for the Costa Rican rice milling industry. Leasing the grain chiller (ten equal payments of $10,926) or adding a premium sell price of 1 $/t to chilled rice would make this technology feasible compared to the traditional grain management strategies utilized in Costa Rica.

Download or read book Physical Control Methods in Plant Protection written by Charles Vincent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jointly published with INRA, Paris. Pesticide resistance is becoming more frequent and widespread with more than 500 insect species known to have become resistant to synthetic insecticides. On the other hand, consumers increasingly demand agricultural products without any pesticide residues. This book, for the first time, shows the alternative: solely physical methods for plant protection by means of thermal, electromagnetic, mechanical and vacuum processes. A glossary rounds up this extremely valuable book.

Download or read book On farm Maize Drying and Storage in the Humid Tropics written by African Rural Storage Centre Project and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1980 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Project investigations and findings. Solar drying. Artificial drying. Drying in cribs by natural ventilation. Insect control in cribs. The costs of dring cobs in cribs. Storage of shelled maize.

Download or read book Low cost Urban Food Distribution Systems in Latin America written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1994 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Value added Products from Beekeeping written by R. Krell and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1996 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this bulletin is to introduce beekeepers, people considering keeping bees and those interested in processing and marketing to the large diversity of products that can be derived from beekeeping for income generation. Each product category, includinng cosmetics, derived from basic bee products such as honey, pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, venom, adult and larval honeybees, is presented in this publication, providing history, description, product quality, marketing aspects and a few selected recipes. A detailed bibliography, a list of suppliers of equipment, conversion of weights and Codex Alimentarius Standards for Honey are given in the annexes.

Download or read book Guidelines for Small scale Fruit and Vegetable Processors written by Peter Fellows and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Small scale Palm Oil Processing in Africa written by Kwasi Poku and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2002 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication provides information on the processing of palm oil fruits for the extraction of palm oil and palm kernel oil by small-scale mills in Africa. It is hoped that this will help promote the improvement of yield and quality of palm oil production and contribute to the modernisation of small-scale palm oil factories in Africa.

Download or read book Silk Reeling and Testing Manual written by Yong-Woo Lee and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continuous improvement and effective dissemination of the technology for silk reeling and testing are vital in meeting the ever increasing demand for quality raw silk throughout the world. This bulletin covers a wide range of techniques in the silk reeling industry. Details are given in each chapter on the handling of fresh cocoons, drying and storage of cocoons, cocoon boiling and reeling, raw silk-reeling and finishing, water quantity and quality, utilization of by-products and maintenance of the machinery used. An appendix illustrates the silkworm processes from larva to final production of silk.

Download or read book Harvesting of Textile Animal Fibres written by O. J. Petrie and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Quality Assurance for Small scale Rural Food Industries written by Peter Fellows and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Washed hands and gloves do not feature.

Download or read book Sugar Processing and By products of the Sugar Industry written by Antonio Valdes Delgado and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TC/M/Y0104E/1/4.01/1100"--P. [4] of cover.

Download or read book Renewable Biological Systems for Alternative Sustainable Energy Production written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1997 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Agricultural Engineering in Development written by J. B. Stokes and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1992 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rural urban Marketing Linkages written by J. D. Tracey-White and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 2030, 60 percent of the world's population are expected to be living in urban areas. Population growth is not solely in larger metropolitan centres - the mega cities. The numbers of small and intermediate-sized urban centres are also increasing and have an important role as links in the marketing system. This guide provides a simplified aid to understanding the physical implications of marketing linkages, based on a regional planning approach. The guide provides a simple planning methodology and framework that focuses on the issue of linking farmers to market outlets for their produce particularly identifying their marketing infrastructure needs. The users of the guide are likely to be at national, provincial or district levels and could include planners and engineers in ministries and departments of public works and transport, planning and marketing officers in ministries and departments of agriculture, local authority officers in planning, commerce and marketing departments and local authorities, communities, farmer groups and voluntary organizations, concerned to understand marketing constraints and with ensuring that rural producers have better access to markets for their products.