Download or read book Advances in the Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Components to Ester Derivatives written by Domenico Licursi and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-06 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass has received significant attention as a sustainable feedstock that can replace diminishing fossil fuels in the production of value-added chemicals and energy. Many new catalytic technologies have been developed for the conversion of biomass feedstocks into valuable biofuels and bioproducts. However, many of these still suffer from several disadvantages, such as weak catalytic performance, harsh reaction conditions, a high processing cost, and questionable sustainability, which limit their further applicability/development in the immediate future. In this context, the esterification of carboxylic acids represents a very valuable solution to these problems, requiring mild reaction conditions and being advantageously integrable with many existing processes of biomass conversion. An emblematic example is the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal route for levulinic acid production, already upgraded to that of higher value alkyl levulinates, obtained by esterification or directly by biomass alcoholysis. Many other chemical processes benefit from esterification, such as the synthesis of biodiesel, which includes monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids prepared from renewable vegetable oils and animal fats, or that of cellulose esters, mainly acetates, for textile uses. Even pyrolysis bio-oil should be stabilized by esterification to neutralize the acidity of carboxylic acids and moderate the reactivity of other typical biomass-derived compounds, such as sugars, furans, aldehydes, and phenolics. This Special Issue reports on the recent main advances in the homogeneous/heterogeneous catalytic conversion of model/real biomass components into ester derivatives that are extremely attractive for both the academic and industrial fields.
Download or read book Advances in the Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Components to Ester Derivatives Challenges and Opportunities written by Domenico Licursi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass has received significant attention as a sustainable feedstock that can replace diminishing fossil fuels in the production of value-added chemicals and energy. Many new catalytic technologies have been developed for the conversion of biomass feedstocks into valuable biofuels and bioproducts. However, many of these still suffer from several disadvantages, such as weak catalytic performance, harsh reaction conditions, a high processing cost, and questionable sustainability, which limit their further applicability/development in the immediate future. In this context, the esterification of carboxylic acids represents a very valuable solution to these problems, requiring mild reaction conditions and being advantageously integrable with many existing processes of biomass conversion. An emblematic example is the acid-catalyzed hydrothermal route for levulinic acid production, already upgraded to that of higher value alkyl levulinates, obtained by esterification or directly by biomass alcoholysis. Many other chemical processes benefit from esterification, such as the synthesis of biodiesel, which includes monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids prepared from renewable vegetable oils and animal fats, or that of cellulose esters, mainly acetates, for textile uses. Even pyrolysis bio-oil should be stabilized by esterification to neutralize the acidity of carboxylic acids and moderate the reactivity of other typical biomass-derived compounds, such as sugars, furans, aldehydes, and phenolics. This Special Issue reports on the recent main advances in the homogeneous/heterogeneous catalytic conversion of model/real biomass components into ester derivatives that are extremely attractive for both the academic and industrial fields. Dr. Domenico Licursi Guest Editor.
Download or read book Advancements in Catalytic Conversion of Biomass into Biofuels and Chemicals written by Tae Hyun Kim and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.
Download or read book Advancements in Catalytic Conversion of Biomass Into Biofuels and Chemicals written by Tae Hyun Kim and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous efforts have been devoted to using biomass as a feedstock for the production of bio-based materials, biochemicals, and biofuels that reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on conventional fossil resources. Conversion strategies for the production of platform chemicals, building blocks, fine chemicals, and biofuels include a wide range of processes such as chemical and mechanical pretreatment for improved carbohydrate production, fractionation of biomass into carbohydrates and lignin and their further conversions, microbial and enzymatic conversion of biomass into valuable products, and direct catalytic conversion of biomass or its components into chemicals and fuels. This Special Issue introduces recent innovative research results in the area of bioenergy and value-added chemicals from various feedstocks through chemical and biological catalytic processes.
Download or read book Advanced Catalysis for Drop in Chemicals written by Putla Sudarsanam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass conversion into drop-in chemicals using novel heterogeneous bulk- and nano-scale catalysts is currently a hot research topic with the aim of replacing petrochemicals in the chemical industry. Considering the importance of this subject to the scientific community, Advanced Catalysis for Drop-in Chemicals provides the latest developments in the catalytic synthesis of drop-in chemicals mainly from lignocellulose, carbohydrates (cellulose, hemicellulose, C6 and C5 sugars, and their derivatives), lignin, and glycerol. The role of both heterogeneous bulk solid and nanostructured catalysts, along with their advantages and disadvantages for drop-in chemicals synthesis are critically summarized. Addressing the frontiers and prospects for using drop-in chemicals in place of petrochemicals in the chemical industry is also a key topic of this book. • Describes fossil fuels, biomass, drop-in chemicals, catalysis, and nano- and atomic-scale catalysts • Includes pre- and post-treatment strategies for biomass upgrading • Provides green catalytic processes for drop-in chemicals synthesis • Outlines stabilization of nano- and atomic-scale catalysts • Examines using drop-in chemicals in place of petrochemicals in the chemical industry
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Biomass derived Molecules Into Mono and Dicarboxylic Acids and Esters written by Yuran Wang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass can serve as a renewable alternative to the inevitably depleting fossil fuel resources and provide feedstocks for the production of fuels and chemicals. Mono- and dicarboxylic acids and esters are key intermediates to chemical products, especially for biodegradable polymers. This thesis has addressed the challenges in chemocatalytic synthesis of mono- and dicarboxylic acids and esters, including gluconic acid, succinic acid, itaconic acid and their esters, from biomass-derived molecules. Gold (Au) catalysts have been rarely investigated for the oxidation of glucose in the absence of a base. These conditions are critical, however, to enable the sequential one-pot combination of cellulose hydrolysis and glucose oxidation. The study provides insights into the deactivation of the catalysts caused by leaching and hydrothermal sintering of Au nanoparticles, as well as by adsorption of reaction species. We found that lowering the surface density of Au on metal oxides decreases the sintering rate of the Au nanoparticles and hence enhances the stability and activity of the catalyst. Levulinate derivatives are an attractive platform for the production of renewable chemicals. We report on the oxidation of methyl levulinate into dimethyl succinate with peroxides under mild conditions using Bronsted and Lewis acid catalysts and focuses on the reaction selectivity control. While the molecular structure (i.e., carbon chain length and branching around the C=O group) and the oxidant type affect the product distribution, solvent choice has the strongest impact on changing the location of oxygen insertion into the carbon backbone. In contrast to Brønsted acids, for water-tolerant Lewis acidic triflate salts, the reaction selectivity is affected by the size of the metal cation. We have developed a novel approach to synthesize unsaturated dicarboxylic acid esters via aldol condensation of keto esters catalyzed by Lewis acidic zeolites. Hafnium-containing BEA (Hf- BEA) zeolites are highly active, selective and stable for the condensation of ethyl pyruvate into itaconic acid ester analogues. Analysis of the dynamic behavior of Hf-BEA under flow conditions and studies with Na-exchanged zeolites suggest that Hf(IV) open sites possess dual functionality for Lewis and Bronsted acid catalysis.
Download or read book Zeolites in Catalysis written by Jiří Čejka and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-06-07 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible references for researchers and industrialists in this exciting field, covering both developments and applications of catalysis.
Download or read book Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass written by Badal C. Saha and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written for a wide variety of biotechnologists, this book provides a major review of the state-of-the-art in bioethanol production technologies, enzymatic biomass conversion, and biodiesel. It also provides a detailed explanation of a breakthrough in photosynthetic water splitting which could result in a doubling of the efficiency of solar energy conversion by green plants. The book covers production of lactic acid, succinic acid, 1,3-propanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and polyhydroxybutyrate and xylitol. It also includes a chapter on synthesis-gas fermentation.
Download or read book Catalytic Conversion of Biomass derived Compounds Into Specialty Chemicals and Diesel Fuel Precursor Molecules written by Paolo Andres Cuello Penaloza and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomass offers a plethora of opportunities to obtain useful and unique products in a sustainable way, be it chemicals with specialty applications, or molecules that can be blended into our everyday fuels, potentially improving their desired properties. In this work, we study two processes involving the conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks into specialty chemicals and diesel fuel precursors using suitable solid catalysts for each application. In Chapters 2 and 3, we delve into the production of hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol from levoglucosanol, which is ultimately obtained from a cellulose direct derivate, and a potential application as a polymer precursor. In Chapter 2, we obtain kinetic information for the conversion of levoglucosanol into the polyol using a Pt-WOx/TiO2 catalyst at industrially relevant concentrations (10 - 30wt% reactant in water), showing that with this catalyst we can obtain selectively our product of interests, and also preserve over 90% of the reactant stereocenters. We also demonstrate the relative stability of this catalyst compared to what is known in literature, and its regenerability as well. In Chapter 3, we show a potential application for hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol in the synthesis of tetrol-boronate copolymers when benzenediboronic acids are used. We prove that a facile synthesis is possible at room temperature with various solvents, and demonstrate that the properties of the polymers are impacted by the choice of a solvent, and the diastereomeric excess of the reactant, managing to obtain a first-known case of a chiral polymer when 98% d.e. (S,R)-hexane-1,2,5,6-tetrol is used. In Chapters 4 and 5, we study the selective conversion of ethanol into larger molecules that can be ultimately converted into compounds that can be blended into diesel by different methods when MgAl mixed metal oxide catalysts that have very low loadings of Cu are used. In Chapter 4, we demonstrate that when Cu loadings less than 0.6wt% are used in MgAl catalysts, very high diesel fuel precursor selectivities may be obtained, with the most significant products being larger alcohols and aldehydes, followed by large esters, and relatively minor amounts of ethyl acetate. We proved that changing the properties of the MgAl support does not greatly impact the performance of the catalyst, instead we found that the loading of Cu is the determinant factor in catalyst performance due to Cu acting more as a promoter of MgAl acid-base chemistry than as an actual catalyst for the Guerbet coupling reaction. The presence of Cu in low amounts also enables the selective production of esters with 6 or more carbons over ethyl acetate. The studied catalysts also promoted high product alcohol linearity, and the alcohol selectivity per carbon number fitted the Schultz-Flory distribution, showing that alcohol growth is dictated by chain growth behavior. In Chapter 5, we studied the performance of a single low Cu loading MgAl catalyst at different contact times, performed tests at varying ethanol-to-hydrogen partial pressure ratios, and performed cofeed studied of ethanol with acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate in order to elucidate the reaction network of ethanol oligomerization to larger oxygenates. We found that selectivity to higher alcohols was greater towards alcohols at all conversions, and alcohols exhibit chain-growth at all contact times. We found that ester and ketone selectivity increase with conversion, with their sizes becoming larger with conversion as well. Esters are series products from alcohols and aldehydes. Finally, we demonstrated that higher linear alcohols will be more selective to esters that ethanol, and that branched alcohols feeds may form esters selectively. Finally, in Chapter 6, we cover the conclusions from all the performed studies, and provide an outlook on future research avenues that enable the effective conversion of biomass-derived feedstocks into products of added value using solid catalysts.
Download or read book Sustainable Catalysis for Biorefineries written by Francesco Frusteri and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biorefineries are becoming increasingly important in providing sustainable routes for chemical industry processes. The establishment of bio-economic models, based on biorefineries for the creation of innovative products with high added value, such as biochemicals and bioplastics, allows the development of “green chemistry” methods in synergy with traditional chemistry. This reduces the heavy dependence on imports and assists the development of economically and environmentally sustainable production processes, that accommodate the huge investments, research and innovation efforts. This book explores the most effective or promising catalytic processes for the conversion of biobased components into high added value products, as platform chemicals and intermediates. With a focus on heterogeneous catalysis, this book is ideal for researchers working in catalysis and in green chemistry.
Download or read book The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio fuels and Bio chemicals written by Kostas Triantafyllidis and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-19 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Catalysis for the Sustainable Production of Bio-fuels and Bio-chemicals describes the importance of catalysis for the sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals, focused primarily on the state-of-the-art catalysts and catalytic processes expected to play a decisive role in the "green" production of fuels and chemicals from biomass. In addition, the book includes general elements regarding the entire chain of biomass production, conversion, environment, economy, and life-cycle assessment. Very few books are available on catalysis in production schemes using biomass or its primary conversion products, such as bio-oil and lignin. This book fills that gap with detailed discussions of: Catalytic pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass Hybrid biogasoline by co-processing in FCC units Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to biofuels (biomass-to-liquid process) Steam reforming of bio-oils to hydrogen With energy prices rapidly rising, environmental concerns growing, and regulatory apparatus evolving, this book is a resource with tutorial, research, and technological value for chemists, chemical engineers, policymakers, and students. Includes catalytic reaction mechanism schemes and gives a clear understanding of catalytic processes Includes flow diagrams of bench-, pilot- and industrial-scale catalytic processing units and demonstrates the various process technologies involved, enabling easy selection of the best process Incorporates many tables, enabling easy comparison of data based on a critical review of the available literature
Download or read book Lignin Valorization written by Gregg T. Beckham and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-03-29 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, interdisciplinary picture of how lignocellulosic biorefineries could potentially employ lignin valorization technologies.
Download or read book Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications written by Shahid ul-Islam and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-01-05 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: HANDBOOK of BIOMASS VALORIZATION for INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The handbook provides a comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on biomass valorization, from advanced fabrication methodologies through useful derived materials, to current and potential application sectors. Industrial sectors, such as food, textiles, petrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, generate massive amounts of waste each year, the disposal of which has become a major issue worldwide. As a result, implementing a circular economy that employs sustainable practices in waste management is critical for any industry. Moreover, fossil fuels, which are the primary sources of fuel in the transportation sector, are also being rapidly depleted at an alarming rate. Therefore, to combat these global issues without increasing our carbon footprint, we must look for renewable resources to produce chemicals and biomaterials. In that context, agricultural waste materials are gaining popularity as cost-effective and abundantly available alternatives to fossil resources for the production of a variety of value-added products, including renewable fuels, fuel components, and fuel additives. Handbook of Biomass Valorization for Industrial Applications investigates current and emerging feedstocks, as well as provides in-depth technical information on advanced catalytic processes and technologies that enable the development of all possible alternative energy sources. The 22 chapters of this book comprehensively cover the valorization of agricultural wastes and their various uses in value-added applications like energy, biofuels, fertilizers, and wastewater treatment. Audience The book is intended for a very broad audience working in the fields of materials sciences, chemical engineering, nanotechnology, energy, environment, chemistry, etc. This book will be an invaluable reference source for the libraries in universities and industrial institutions, government and independent institutes, individual research groups, and scientists working in the field of valorization of biomass.
Download or read book Catalysis for Renewables written by Gabriele Centi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its focus on catalysis and addressing two very hot and timely topics with significant implications for our future lives, this will be a white book in the field. The authority behind this practical work is the IDECAT Network of Excellence, and the authors here outline how the use of catalysis will promote the more extensive use of renewable feedstocks in chemical and energy production. They present the latest applications, their applicability and results, making this a ready reference for researchers and engineers working in catalysis, chemistry, and industrial processes wishing to analyze options, outlooks and opportunities in the field.
Download or read book Industrial Catalysis Chemistry And Mechanism written by James D Burrington and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-03-16 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Catalysis: Chemistry and Mechanism is an essential textbook for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in the underlying concepts of catalysis, industrial organic chemistry and the mechanism of catalysis. For undergraduates it provides an introduction to the basic catalytic principles and industrial processes. Graduate students will find that the book gives an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of catalytic surface intermediates and the practice of modern catalysis research. For the post graduate and industrial chemist involved in catalysis research, it is a valuable reference text as a compendium of mechanisms by which major industrial catalytic processes operate.This unique book fills the gap between basic organic chemistry and fundamental chemical principles of catalysis, and is a must read for students and researchers in the field.
Download or read book Integrated Biorefineries written by Paul R. Stuart and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Biorefineries: Design, Analysis, and Optimization examines how to create a competitive edge in biorefinery innovation through integration into existing processes and infrastructure. Leading experts from around the world working in design, synthesis, and optimization of integrated biorefineries present the various aspects of this complex
Download or read book Catalysis for Clean Energy and Environmental Sustainability written by K. K. Pant and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of a two-volume work that offers a unique blend of information on realistic evaluations of catalyst-based synthesis processes using green chemistry principles and the environmental sustainability applications of such processes for biomass conversion, refining, and petrochemical production. The volumes provide a comprehensive resource of state-of-the-art technologies and green chemistry methodologies from researchers, academics, and chemical and manufacturing industrial scientists. The work will be of interest to professors, researchers, and practitioners in clean energy catalysis, green chemistry, chemical engineering and manufacturing, and environmental sustainability. This volume focuses on catalyst synthesis and green chemistry applications for petrochemical and refining processes. While most books on the subject focus on catalyst use for conventional crude, fuel-oriented refineries, this book emphasizes recent transitions to petrochemical refineries with the goal of evaluating how green chemistry applications can produce clean energy through petrochemical industrial means. The majority of the chapters are contributed by industrial researchers and technicians and address various petrochemical processes, including hydrotreating, hydrocracking, flue gas treatment and isomerization catalysts.