Download or read book Advances in Hydraulic Fracture Simulation Dynamic and Quasi static Analysis written by Matin Parchei Esfahani and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing (HF) is an effective technique for permeability enhancement of conventional and unconventional reservoirs. HF is performed by injecting a fluid (usually water-based), sand, and chemicals into a formation under high pressure in order to induce damage and improve the interconnectivity of the fracture network through reopening of natural fractures and generation of new fractures. Hydraulic fracturing is a complex multi-physics process that involves the coupling of several physical phenomena, such as rock deformation, fluid flow, fracture propagation, etc. The simulation of HF is complex due to its coupled multi-physics nature. Despite recent advancements in HF simulations, relatively little attention has been given to improving the coupling algorithms used in these simulations. In many cases, sequential coupling algorithms are preferred over the monolithic approach due to the availability of independent solvers for each subproblem (e.g., independent deformable solid and fluid flow models), and the costliness of the monolithic approach. However, the available sequential algorithms widely used in the simulation of hydraulic fractures are known to lack robustness and encounter stability and/or convergence issues. The unavailability of efficient and effective sequential algorithms for the simulation of hydraulic fractures is currently one of the major gaps in the literature. The majority of hydraulic fracture models use quasi-static analysis, which neglects the inertial effects that are important when injection rates are very high or vary quickly in time, as during stimulation by pressure pulsing. The application of the dynamic models currently available in the literature is mainly limited to the dynamic simulations of acoustic wave emissions in porous media. Very few studies, until now, have considered dynamic simulation of fluid driven fractures. Hence, the unavailability of reliable dynamic hydraulic fracture models is another major gap in the hydraulic fracture literature. This thesis has three objectives. The first objective is to develop a stable sequential coupling algorithm for enforcing the hydro-mechanical coupling in the simulation of hydraulic fractures. The focus of the first objective is on the sequential algorithms that solve the mechanics subproblem first, in each iteration. This objective is realized in Chapter 2 of the thesis. The split is derived using the analogy of the undrained split in poromechanics; hence the new algorithm is named the \emph{undrained HF split}. The undrained HF split converges to the solution of the fully coupled (monolithic) approach. It's also shown to be stable and convergent in applications in which the conventional coupling strategies fail to converge due to oscillations. The convergence of the undrained HF split is generally slower than the fully coupled model. The second objective of the thesis is to develop a stable sequential coupling algorithm that solves the fluid flow subproblem first, in each iteration. This objective is addressed in Chapter 3 of the thesis. This algorithm is derived using the analogy of the fixed stress split in poromechanics and, therefore, named the \emph{fixed stress HF split}. The fixed stress HF split is stable and shown to converge to the solution of the fully coupled model. The algorithm is shown to successfully simulate nonplanar hydraulic fracture trajectories in flow rate controlled hydraulic fracture simulations. The third objective of the thesis is to develop a dynamic hydraulic fracture model for investigating the effect of rapidly changing loads, such as those caused by pressure pulses, on the dynamic propagation of hydraulic fractures. Chapter 4 of the thesis addresses this objective. A dynamic HF model with leak-off is developed in Chapter 4. The dynamic HF model is used to study wellbore stimulation by high rate and high amplitude pressure pulses and investigate the effect of formation porosity and permeability on the dynamic response of the system. It is observed that generally, formations with higher porosity and permeability generate shorter and wider hydraulic fractures. The dynamic response of hydraulic fractures is found to contain a phase lag with respect to the applied pressure pulse, which slightly increases with an increase in the porosity and permeability of the formation. Fracture closure mechanism is directly affected by the rate of fluid leak-off from hydraulic fractures, which also depends on the porosity and permeability of the formation. Unique acoustic wave emission patterns are observed from the response of hydraulic fracture and wellbore system to the pressure pulse at each stage of the stimulation.

Download or read book Porous Rock Fracture Mechanics written by Amir Shojaei and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Porous Rock Failure Mechanics: Hydraulic Fracturing, Drilling and Structural Engineering focuses on the fracture mechanics of porous rocks and modern simulation techniques for progressive quasi-static and dynamic fractures. The topics covered in this volume include a wide range of academic and industrial applications, including petroleum, mining, and civil engineering. Chapters focus on advanced topics in the field of rock's fracture mechanics and address theoretical concepts, experimental characterization, numerical simulation techniques, and their applications as appropriate. Each chapter reflects the current state-of-the-art in terms of the modern use of fracture simulation in industrial and academic sectors. Some of the major contributions in this volume include, but are not limited to: anisotropic elasto-plastic deformation mechanisms in fluid saturated porous rocks, dynamics of fluids transport in fractured rocks and simulation techniques, fracture mechanics and simulation techniques in porous rocks, fluid-structure interaction in hydraulic driven fractures, advanced numerical techniques for simulation of progressive fracture, including multiscale modeling, and micromechanical approaches for porous rocks, and quasi-static versus dynamic fractures in porous rocks. This book will serve as an important resource for petroleum, geomechanics, drilling and structural engineers, R&D managers in industry and academia.

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Yu-Shu Wu and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today’s petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today’s more complex reservoirs. Offers understanding of the details surrounding fracturing and fracture modeling technology, including theories and quantitative methods Provides academic and practical perspective from multiple contributors at the forefront of hydraulic fracturing and rock mechanics Provides today’s petroleum engineer with model validation tools backed by real-world case studies

Download or read book Static Conceptual Fracture Modeling written by Ronald A. Nelson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-10-07 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modelling of flow in naturally fractured reservoirs is quickly becoming mandatory in all phases of oil and gas exploration and production. Creation of a Static Conceptual Fracture Model (SCFM) is needed as input to create flow simulations for today and for prediction of flow into the future. Unfortunately, the computer modelers tasked with constructing the gridded fracture model are often not well versed in natural fracture characterization and are often forced to make quick decisions as to the input required by the software used to create these models. Static Conceptual Fracture Modelling: Preparing for Simulation and Development describes all the fracture and reservoir parameters needed to create the fracture database for effective modelling and how to generate the data and parameter distributions. The material covered in this volume highlights not only natural fracture system quantification and formatting, but also describes best practices for managing technical teams charged with creating the SCFM. This book will become a must on the shelf for all reservoir modelers.

Download or read book Dynamic Fracture Mechanics written by Arun Shukla and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a wide variety of topics in dynamic fracture mechanics, this volume presents state-of-the-art experimental techniques and theoretical analysis on dynamic fracture in standard and exotic materials. Written by world renowned researchers, this valuable compendium contains eleven chapters on crack initiation, crack propagation, crack arrest, crack-stress wave interactions, and experimental, analytical and numerical methods in dynamic fracture mechanics. Contents: Modeling Dynamic Fracture Using Large-Scale Atomistic Simulations (H-J Gao & M J Buehler); Dynamic Crack Initiation Toughness (D Rittel); The Dynamics of Rapidly Moving Tensile Cracks in Brittle Amorphous Material (J Fineberg); Optical Methods for Dynamic Fracture Mechanics (H V Tippur); On the Use of Strain Gages in Dynamic Fracture (V Parameswaran & A Shukla); Dynamic and Crack Arrest Fracture Toughness (R E Link & R Chona); Dynamic Fracture in Graded Materials (A Shukla & N Jain); Dynamic Fracture Initiation Toughness at Elevated Temperatures with Application to the New Generation of Titanium Aluminides Alloys (M Shazly et al.); Dynamic Fracture of Nanocomposite Materials (A Shukla et al.). Readership: Researchers, practitioners, and graduate students in fracture mechanics and materials science.

Download or read book Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation written by Mark W. McClure and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-15 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discrete Fracture Network Modeling of Hydraulic Stimulation describes the development and testing of a model that couples fluid-flow, deformation, friction weakening, and permeability evolution in large, complex two-dimensional discrete fracture networks. The model can be used to explore the behavior of hydraulic stimulation in settings where matrix permeability is low and preexisting fractures play an important role, such as Enhanced Geothermal Systems and gas shale. Used also to describe pure shear stimulation, mixed-mechanism stimulation, or pure opening-mode stimulation. A variety of novel techniques to ensure efficiency and realistic model behavior are implemented, and tested. The simulation methodology can also be used as an efficient method for directly solving quasistatic fracture contact problems. Results show how stresses induced by fracture deformation during stimulation directly impact the mechanism of propagation and the resulting fracture network.

Download or read book Numerical Simulation in Hydraulic Fracturing Multiphysics Theory and Applications written by Xinpu Shen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expansion of unconventional petroleum resources in the recent decade and the rapid development of computational technology have provided the opportunity to develop and apply 3D numerical modeling technology to simulate the hydraulic fracturing of shale and tight sand formations. This book presents 3D numerical modeling technologies for hydraulic fracturing developed in recent years, and introduces solutions to various 3D geomechanical problems related to hydraulic fracturing. In the solution processes of the case studies included in the book, fully coupled multi-physics modeling has been adopted, along with innovative computational techniques, such as submodeling. In practice, hydraulic fracturing is an essential project component in shale gas/oil development and tight sand oil, and provides an essential measure in the process of drilling cuttings reinjection (CRI). It is also an essential measure for widened mud weight window (MWW) when drilling through naturally fractured formations; the process of hydraulic plugging is a typical application of hydraulic fracturing. 3D modeling and numerical analysis of hydraulic fracturing is essential for the successful development of tight oil/gas formations: it provides accurate solutions for optimized stage intervals in a multistage fracking job. It also provides optimized well-spacing for the design of zipper-frac wells. Numerical estimation of casing integrity under stimulation injection in the hydraulic fracturing process is one of major concerns in the successful development of unconventional resources. This topic is also investigated numerically in this book. Numerical solutions to several other typical geomechanics problems related to hydraulic fracturing, such as fluid migration caused by fault reactivation and seismic activities, are also presented. This book can be used as a reference textbook to petroleum, geotechnical and geothermal engineers, to senior undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, and to geologists, hydrogeologists, geophysicists and applied mathematicians working in this field. This book is also a synthetic compendium of both the fundamentals and some of the most advanced aspects of hydraulic fracturing technology.

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Nonlinear Problems in Hydraulic Fracturing written by Endrina Rivas and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic fracturing is a stimulation technique in which fluid is injected at high pressure into low-permeability reservoirs to create a fracture network for enhanced production of oil and gas. It is the primary purpose of hydraulic fracturing to enhance well production. The three main mechanisms during hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas production which largely impact the reservoir production are: (1) fracture propagation during initial pad fluid injection, which defines the extent of the fracture; (2) fracture propagation during injection of proppant slurry (fluid mixed with granular material), creating a propped reservoir zone; and (3) shear dilation of natural fractures surrounding the hydraulically fractured zone, creating a broader stimulated zone. The thesis has three objectives that support the simulation of mechanisms that lead to enhanced production of a hydraulically-fractured reservoir. The first objective is to develop a numerical model for the simulation of the mechanical deformation and shear dilation of naturally fractured rock masses. In this work, a two-dimensional model for the simulation of discrete fracture networks (DFN) is developed using the extended finite element method (XFEM), in which the mesh does not conform to the natural fracture network. The model incorporates contact, cohesion, and friction between blocks of rock. Shear dilation is an important mechanism impacting the overall nonlinear response of naturally fractured rock masses and is also included in the model--physics previously not simulated within an XFEM context. Here, shear dilation is modeled through a linear dilation model, capped by a dilation limiting displacement. Highly nonlinear problems involving multiple joint sets are investigated within a quasi-static context. An explicit scheme is used in conjunction with the dynamic relaxation technique to obtain equilibrium solutions in the face of the nonlinear constitutive models from contact, cohesion, friction, and dilation. The numerical implementation is verified and its convergence illustrated using a shear test and a biaxial test. The model is then applied to the practical problem of the stability of a slope of fractured rock. The second objective is to develop a numerical model for the simulation of proppant transport through planar fractures. This work presents the numerical methodology for simulation of proppant transport through a hydraulic fracture using the finite volume method. Proppant models commonly used in the hydraulic fracturing literature solve the linearized advection equation; this work presents solution methods for the nonlinear form of the proppant flux equation. The complexities of solving the nonlinear and heterogeneous hyperbolic advection equation that governs proppant transport are tackled, particularly handling shock waves that are generated due to the nonlinear flux function and the spatially-varying width and pressure gradient along the fracture. A critical time step is derived for the proppant transport problem solved using an explicit solution strategy. Additionally, a predictor-corrector algorithm is developed to constrain the proppant from exceeding the physically admissible range. The model can capture the mechanisms of proppant bridging occurring in sections of narrow fracture width, tip screen-out occurring when fractures become saturated with proppant, and flushing of proppant into new fracture segments. The results are verified by comparison with characteristic solutions and the model is used to simulate proppant transport through a KGD fracture. The final objective is to develop a numerical model for the simulation of proppant transport through propagating non-planar fractures. This work presents the first monolithic coupled numerical model for simulating proppant transport through a propagating hydraulic fracture. A fracture is propagated through a two-dimensional domain, driven by the flow of a proppant-laden slurry. Modeling of the slurry flow includes the effects of proppant bridging and the subsequent flow of fracturing fluid through the packed proppant pack. This allows for the simulation of a tip screen-out, a phenomenon in which there is a high degree of physical interaction between the rock deformation, fluid flow, and proppant transport. Tip screen-out also leads to shock wave formation in the solution. Numerical implementation of the model is verified and the model is then used to simulate a tip screen-out in both planar and non-planar fractures. An analysis of the fracture aperture, fluid pressure, and proppant concentration profiles throughout the simulation is performed for three different coupling schemes: monolithic, sequential, and loose coupling. It is demonstrated that even with time step refinement, the loosely-coupled scheme fails to converge to the same results as the monolithic and sequential schemes. The monolithic and sequential algorithms yield the same solution up to the onset of a tip screen-out, after which the sequential scheme fails to converge. The monolithic scheme is shown to be more efficient than the sequential algorithm (requiring fewer iterations) and has comparable computational cost to the loose coupling algorithm. Thus, the monolithic scheme is shown to be optimal in terms of computational efficiency, robustness, and accuracy. In addition to this finding, a robust and more efficient algorithm for injection-rate controlled hydraulic fracturing simulation based on global mass conservation is presented in the thesis.

Download or read book Rock Mechanics written by Barry H.G. Brady and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition has been completely revised to reflect the notable innovations in mining engineering and the remarkable developments in the science of rock mechanics and the practice of rock angineering taht have taken place over the last two decades. Although "Rock Mechanics for Underground Mining" addresses many of the rock mechanics issues that arise in underground mining engineering, it is not a text exclusively for mining applications. Based on extensive professional research and teaching experience, this book will provide an authoratative and comprehensive text for final year undergraduates and commencing postgraduate stydents. For profesional practitioners, not only will it be of interests to mining and geological engineers, but also to civil engineers, structural mining geologists and geophysicists as a standard work for professional reference purposes.

Download or read book Advanced Hydraulic Fracture Modeling written by Jason Robert York and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the effort to create new technology to enhance our ability to retrieve hydrocarbons, the technique of hydraulic fracturing has shown to be extremely beneficial. This involves pumping fluids at high pressures and high rates to induce and propagate fractures near the wellbore to stimulate production in otherwise low permeability reservoirs. To better understand the physical processes involved, several models have been proposed for numeric simulation. This work expands on an existing hydraulic fracturing model based on the nonlocal theory of peridynamics, detailed in Ouchi et al. [3]. Peridynamics is a relatively new reformulation of continuum mechanics, applicable even when discontinuities such as fractures are introduced. To incorporate the influence of inelasticity in the established model, which may be significant for several geologic materials, a multi-surface yield model is proposed. This yield model builds on a Drucker-Prager related yield model formulated for peridynamics by Lammi et al. [46], adding a tension cut-off surface as well as a cap to include hardening effects associated with inelastic compaction. The formulation of these additional surfaces in the peridynamic framework will be detailed and numerically demonstrated in this dissertation. As the peridynamic based hydraulic fracture model continues to develop complex capabilities, such as inelasticity, computational expense continues to be an ever-growing concern. Although the peridynamic formulation has demonstrated the capability of modeling complex fracture behavior, the computational expense is noted to be quite expensive relative to classic local models. Recently, methods have been introduced for coupling nonlocal bond based peridynamic grids with local finite element meshes, detailed in Galvanetoo et al. [74]. These coupling methods have demonstrated applicability to static equilibrium mechanics problems, while introducing negligible errors. In this work, the coupling method is implemented with the nonlocal hydraulic fracturing model, using peridynamics near existent and propagating fractures, as well as a standard finite element formulation far from the influence of such features. To further increase computational efficiency, a dynamically adaptive mesh coarsened away from the peridynamic region is implemented with the capability of converting finite element nodes to peridynamic nodes. This novel method of coupling peridynamics with a highly efficient mesh in the hydraulic fracture model will be fully detailed in this dissertation. In addition, 2D and 3D results will be provided using this method, demonstrating the capability of the coupled model to simulate complex fracture behavior, as well as discuss its impact on simulation capabilities and performance.

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Hoss Belyadi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis introduces the basic characteristics and theories surrounding hydraulic fracturing and the main process of fracturing in shale, including the main workflow, the details in case analysis, and the fundamental differences between theory, study, and practical operation. The book takes the complex nature of the hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs and applies a practical approach that can be useds as a workflow for designing fracture treatments in various shale basins across the world. Providing the audience with theories, best practices, operation and execution, and economic analysis of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs, this reference guides the engineer and manager through broad topics including an introduction to unconventional reservoirs, advanced shale reservoir characterization, and shale gas in place calculation as well as expanding to basic theories of hydraulic fracturing and advanced topics in shale reservoir stimulation. Rounding out with coverage on the environmental aspects and practice problems on design and economic analysis, the book delivers the critical link needed between academia and industry for all aspects of hydraulic fracturing operations. Presents basic characteristics of unconventional reservoirs and introductory theories and practices on hydraulic fracturing, including post-fracturing analysis Includes an explanation of company assets and financial responsibility, with coverage on economic evaluation and how to predict decline curves Provides tactics on how to strengthen real-world skills with the inclusion of practice examples at the end of the book

Download or read book Dynamics of Fracture written by N. Morozov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-05 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book a new phenomenological approach to brittle medium fracture initiation under shock pulses is developped. It provides an opportunity to estimate fracture of media with and without macrodefects. A qualitative explanation is thus obtained for a number of principally important effects of high-speed dynamic fracture that cannot be clarified within the framework of previous approaches. It is possible to apply this new strategy to resolve applied problems of disintegration, erosion, and dynamic strength determination of structural materials. Specialists can use the methods described to determine critical characteristics of dynamic strength and optimal effective fracture conditions for rigid bodies. This book can also be used as a special educational course on deformation of materials and constructions, and fracture mechanics.

Download or read book The Combined Finite Discrete Element Method written by Antonio A. Munjiza and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combined finite discrete element method is a relatively new computational tool aimed at problems involving static and / or dynamic behaviour of systems involving a large number of solid deformable bodies. Such problems include fragmentation using explosives (e.g rock blasting), impacts, demolition (collapsing buildings), blast loads, digging and loading processes, and powder technology. The combined finite-discrete element method - a natural extension of both discrete and finite element methods - allows researchers to model problems involving the deformability of either one solid body, a large number of bodies, or a solid body which fragments (e.g. in rock blasting applications a more or less intact rock mass is transformed into a pile of solid rock fragments of different sizes, which interact with each other). The topic is gaining in importance, and is at the forefront of some of the current efforts in computational modeling of the failure of solids. * Accompanying source codes plus input and output files available on the Internet * Important applications such as mining engineering, rock blasting and petroleum engineering * Includes practical examples of applications areas Essential reading for postgraduates, researchers and software engineers working in mechanical engineering.

Download or read book Advances in Modeling Assessment and Prevention of Geotechnical and Geological Disasters written by Xiaodong Fu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-19 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geothermal Applications written by Mehrdad Massoudi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)—especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments—are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.

Download or read book Technological Advancement in Mechanical and Automotive Engineering written by Muhammad Yusri Ismail and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-08 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book Technological Advancement in Mechanical & Automotive Engineering gathers selected papers submitted to the 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering Research in fields related to automotive engineering, thermal and fluid engineering, and energy. This proceeding consists of papers in aforementioned related fields presented by researchers and scientists from universities, research institutes and industry showcasing their latest findings and discussions with an emphasis on innovations and developments in embracing the new norm resulting from the COVID pandemic.

Download or read book A Nonlocal Operator Method for Quasi static and Dynamic Fracture Modeling written by Yongzheng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: