Download or read book Advances in DNA Vaccines written by Maria Isaguliants and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development.
Download or read book Advances in DNA Vaccines written by Maria G Isaguliants and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development.
Download or read book DNA Vaccines written by Mark W. Saltzman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s, almost 200 yr after Edward Jenner demonstrated the effectiveness of the smallpox vaccine, a new paradigm for vaccination emerged. The conventional method of vaccination required delivery of whole pathogens or structural subunits, but in this new approach, DNA or genetic information was administered to elicit an immunological response. Once it was observed that plasmid DNA delivered in vivo led to production of an encoded transgene (1), two ground-breaking studies demonstrated that immunological responses could be generated against antigenic transgenes via plasmid DNA delivered by DNA vaccination (as this approach is called) (2,3). The appe- ance of this new vaccination strategy coincided with advances in molecular biology, which provided new tools to study and manipulate the basic elements of an organism’s genome and also could also be applied to the design and production of DNA vaccines. DNA Vaccines is a major updated and enhancement of the first edition. It reviews state-of-the-art methods in DNA vaccine technology, with chapters describing DNA vaccine design, delivery systems, adjuvants, current appli- tions, methods of production, and quality control. Consistent with the approach of the Methods in Molecular Medicine series, these chapters contain detailed practical procedures on the latest DNA vaccine technology. The enthusiasm for DNA vaccine technology is made clear by the number of research studies published on this topic since the mid-1990s.
Download or read book Opportunities in Biotechnology for Future Army Applications written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-11 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report surveys opportunities for future Army applications in biotechnology, including sensors, electronics and computers, materials, logistics, and medical therapeutics, by matching commercial trends and developments with enduring Army requirements. Several biotechnology areas are identified as important for the Army to exploit, either by direct funding of research or by indirect influence of commercial sources, to achieve significant gains in combat effectiveness before 2025.
Download or read book Vaccines written by Gregory Gregoriadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last decade or so vaccine development has been facilitated by rapid advances in molecular and cell biology. These have laid the foundations of a new generation of vaccines exemplified by subunit vaccines produced through gene cloning and by synthetic peptides mimicking small regions of proteins on the outer coat of viruses. Such peptide~ are capable of eliciting virus-neutralizing antibodies. Unfortunately, subunit and peptide vaccines are only weakly or non immunogenic in the absence of immunological adjuvants that are known to augment specific cell-mediated immune responses to the antigens and to promote the formation of protective antibodies. This book contains the proceedings of the 4th NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) "Vaccines: New Generation Immunological Adjuvants" held at Cape Sounion Beach, Greece, during 24 June -5 . July 1994 and deals in depth with both theoretical and practical aspects of vaccinology. These include the role of antigen presenting cells in the induction of immune responses. immunopotentiation by a variety of new generation immunological adjuvants and vaccine carriers. and recent advances and perspectives in experimental vaccines as well as vaccinatioll with nucleic acids. We express our appreciation to Dr. K. Dalsgaard and Dr. J. L. Virelizier for their cooperatioll in planning the ASI and to Mrs. Concha Pening for her excellent production of the manuscripts. The ASI was held under the sponsorship of NATO Scientific Affairs Division and generously co-sponsored by SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals (Philadelphia).
Download or read book Development and Clinical Progress of DNA Vaccines written by Fred Brown and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2000 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA vaccines have progressed rapidly from the conceptual stage to the stage of clinical trials. While studies in small laboratory animals have shown great promise, initial reports from human studies were less encouraging. Progress is being made, however, documented by the papers presented here. This volume contains the proceedings of a meeting devoted to the latest developments in DNA vaccines, from laboratory studies to clinical trials. The papers, written by leaders in the field, focus on the current state of DNA vaccines in humans and other large animals. The bulk of the studies involve DNA vaccines against HIV/SIV. Other promising trials make use of DNA vaccines against malaria and hepatitis B. The papers inform the reader about the immune basis of this form of vaccination and about approaches being developed to increase the efficacy of DNA vaccines in humans. These include the co-administration of cytokines, prime-boost strategies, optimising codon usage or the use of CpG motifs. An excellent up-to-the-minute account, this volume should be read by anyone in academia or in industry involved in DNA vaccination. The book will also be of great interest to clinicians involved in trials and those in the regulatory area.
Download or read book DNA Vaccination Genetic Vaccination written by Hilary Koprowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic / DNA immunization represents a novel approach to vaccine and immune therapeutic development. The direct injec tion of nucleic acid expression cassettes into a living host results in a limited number of its cells becoming factories for production of the introduced gene products. This host-inappropriate gene expression has important immunological consequences, resulting in the specific immune activation of the host against the gene delivered antigen. The recent demonstration by a number of laboratories that the induced immune responses are functional in experimental models against both specific infectious diseases and cancers is likely to have dramatic consequences for the develop ment of a new generation of experimental vaccines and immune therapies. This technology has the potential to enable the pro duction of vaccines and immune-based therapies that are not only effective immunologically but are accessible to the entire world (rather than just to the most developed nations). Vaccine Development Vaccination against pathogenic microorganisms represents one of the most important advances in the history of medicine. Vaccines, including those against polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pertussis and other diseases, have dramatically improved and protected more human lives than any other avenue of modern medicine. The vaccine against smallpox, for example, has been so successful that it is now widely believed that this malicious killer, responsible for more deaths in the twentieth century than World Wars I and II combined, has been removed from the face of the earth.
Download or read book Development and Clinical Progress of DNA Vaccines written by Fred Brown and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2000 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA vaccines have progressed rapidly from the conceptual stage to the stage of clinical trials. While studies in small laboratory animals have shown great promise, initial reports from human studies were less encouraging. Progress is being made, however, documented by the papers presented here. This volume contains the proceedings of a meeting devoted to the latest developments in DNA vaccines, from laboratory studies to clinical trials. The papers, written by leaders in the field, focus on the current state of DNA vaccines in humans and other large animals. The bulk of the studies involve DNA vaccines against HIV/SIV. Other promising trials make use of DNA vaccines against malaria and hepatitis B. The papers inform the reader about the immune basis of this form of vaccination and about approaches being developed to increase the efficacy of DNA vaccines in humans. These include the co-administration of cytokines, prime-boost strategies, optimising codon usage or the use of CpG motifs. An excellent up-to-the-minute account, this volume should be read by anyone in academia or in industry involved in DNA vaccination. The book will also be of great interest to clinicians involved in trials and those in the regulatory area.
Download or read book Viral DNA Vaccines written by Karin Mölling and published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland). This book was released on 2000-12-31 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA vaccine research has progressed from the test tube to clinical trials in less than 10 years. This special issue summarizes the latest advances in the field of DNA vaccination against viral infections. An introductory overview of antiviral DNA vaccine research in the years 1998 to 2000 discusses the different target viruses, animal models, improvement strategies as well as the results obtained so far. In the following chapters, leading specialists present their ongoing experiments and preclinical studies. The viruses used as targets in small animal models or primates include HIV, SIV, lyssavirus, influenza A virus and La Crosse virus, a member of the bunyaviridae. Two of the papers deal with safety issues, thus providing important information for authorities, clinicians and patients concerned with risk evaluation. Of decisive importance for the development of DNA vaccination is the improvement of its efficacy, an issue which is discussed in several papers. Approaches to increase the efficacy include targeting of dendritic cells, codon exchange, messenger stabilization, fusion to long-lived protein moieties such as immunoglobulins, nuclear targeting, secretory signals or tissue-specific expression, and, more recently, DNA-prime-, peptide- or particle-based boosting. Needle-free application and low-dose vaccines make DNA an ideal candidate for the treatment and prevention of a large number of diseases. Though still at an early stage of development, hopes that DNA vaccines will one day be used on a worldwide scale are high. Stimulating further interest in this promising approach, this progress report should be read by anyone in academia or in industry involved in vaccine development.
Download or read book Vaccines Advances in Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Vaccines. The editors have built Vaccines: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Vaccines in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Vaccines: Advances in Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Advances in DNA Research and Application 2011 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-01-09 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in DNA Research and Application / 2011 Edition is a ScholarlyBrief™ that delivers timely, authoritative, comprehensive, and specialized information about DNA in a concise format. The editors have built Advances in DNA Research and Application: 2011 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about DNA in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in DNA Research and Application: 2011 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Advances in DNA Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in DNA Research and Application / 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Bacterial DNA. The editors have built Advances in DNA Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Bacterial DNA in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in DNA Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Vaccines for the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-21 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have made it possible to eradicate the scourge of smallpox, promise the same for polio, and have profoundly reduced the threat posed by other diseases such as whooping cough, measles, and meningitis. What is next? There are many pathogens, autoimmune diseases, and cancers that may be promising targets for vaccine research and development. This volume provides an analytic framework and quantitative model for evaluating disease conditions that can be applied by those setting priorities for vaccine development over the coming decades. The committee describes an approach for comparing potential new vaccines based on their impact on morbidity and mortality and on the costs of both health care and vaccine development. The book examines: Lessons to be learned from the polio experience. Scientific advances that set the stage for new vaccines. Factors that affect how vaccines are used in the population. Value judgments and ethical questions raised by comparison of health needs and benefits. The committee provides a way to compare different forms of illness and set vaccine priorities without assigning a monetary value to lives. Their recommendations will be important to anyone involved in science policy and public health planning: policymakers, regulators, health care providers, vaccine manufacturers, and researchers.
Download or read book Vaccine Development and Manufacturing written by Emily P. Wen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccine Manufacturing and Production is an invaluable reference on how to produce a vaccine - from beginning to end - addressing all classes of vaccines from a processing, production, and regulatory viewpoint. It will provide comprehensive information on the various fields involved in the production of vaccines, from fermentation, purification, formulation, to regulatory filing and facility designs. In recent years, there have been tremendous advances in all aspects of vaccine manufacturing. Improved technology and growth media have been developed for the production of cell culture with high cell density or fermentation. Vaccine Manufacturing and Production will serve as a reference on all aspects of vaccine production by providing an in-depth description of the available technologies for making different types of vaccines and the current thinking in facility designs and supply issues. This book will provide insight to the issues scientists face when producing a vaccine, the steps that are involved, and will serve as a reference tool regarding state-of-the-art vaccine manufacturing technologies and facility set-up. Highlights include: Comprehensive coverage of vaccine production : from a process point of view- fermentation to purification to formulation developments; from a production point of view - from facility design to manufacturing; and from a regulatory point of view - requirements from government agencies Authors from different major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies Describes the challenges and issues involved in vaccine production and manufacturing of the different classes of vaccines, an area not covered by other books currently on the market
Download or read book Advances in DNA Research and Application 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in DNA Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about DNA. The editors have built Advances in DNA Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about DNA in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in DNA Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Advances in Immunization Research and Treatment 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Immunization Research and Treatment / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Immunization. The editors have built Advances in Immunization Research and Treatment / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Immunization in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Immunization Research and Treatment / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Download or read book Advances in Communicable Disease Control Research and Application 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-06-21 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Communicable Disease Control Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Immunization. The editors have built Advances in Communicable Disease Control Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Immunization in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Communicable Disease Control Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
