Download or read book Advances and New Insights into Cancer Characterization When Novel Imaging Meets Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Vol II written by Guang Yang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances and New Insights Into Cancer Characterization When Novel Imaging Meets Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers written by Guang Yang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Imaging Biomarkers written by Luis Martí-Bonmatí and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to cover all aspects of the development of imaging biomarkers and their integration into clinical practice, from the conceptual basis through to the technical aspects that need to be considered in order to ensure that medical imaging can serve as a powerful quantification instrument capable of providing valuable information on organ and tissue properties. The process of imaging biomarker development is considered step by step, covering proof of concept, proof of mechanism, image acquisition, image preparation, imaging biomarker analysis and measurement, detection of measurement biases (proof of principle), proof of efficacy and effectiveness, and reporting of results. Sources of uncertainty in the accuracy and precision of measurements and pearls and pitfalls in gold standards and biological correlation are discussed. In addition, practical use cases are included on imaging biomarker implementation in brain, oncologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and abdominal diseases. The authors are a multidisciplinary team of expert radiologists and engineers, and the book will be of value to all with an interest in the quantitative imaging of biomarkers in personalized medicine.
Download or read book Imaging Biomarkers of Treatment Response written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative imaging biomarkers -- numerical measurements derived from medical imaging that can be interpreted by clinicians - are a critical component of treatment response assessment in oncology. They can also play an important role in the design and interpretation of clinical trials, provided that they are measured following a standardized set of best practices. In this thesis, we have demonstrated the successful application of imaging biomarkers of treatment response to a clinical trial assessing the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the anti-angiogenic TKI therapeutic Axitinib. We have illustrated the challenges facing quantitative imaging biomarkers in general, and gained valuable insights into anti-angiogenic therapy in particular. We have characterized the pharmacodynamics of "withdrawal flare," a rapid increase in tumor proliferation following cessation of anti-angiogenic therapy, using quantitative imaging biomarkers derived from FLT PET. This is the first time in humans that the temporal dynamics of Axitinib withdrawal flare have been characterized, a critical step in optimizing the use of this drug in combination therapy. Although we demonstrated that significant flare occurs in patients treated with Axitinib, we also observed substantial inter-patient heterogeneity in imaging response during withdrawal. Among the sub-set of patients experiencing withdrawal flare, it was found to occur at two days post-cessation of Axitinib, with relatively little additional flare between days 2 and 7 of withdrawal. Moreover, withdrawal flare was found to be associated with poor clinical outcome. We directly compared the results of the Axitinib trial with an earlier trial of a related anti-angiogenic drug, Sunitinib, which had used the same imaging biomarkers of treatment response. The proliferative and vascular response during withdrawal of Axitinib and Sunitinib was found to be nearly identical, and there is not sufficient evidence to support any significant difference in proliferative response during treatment. We also explored intra-patient, inter-lesion response heterogeneity. However, when comparing the imaging response with pre-treatment phenotypes, no significant correlations were observed, suggesting that some underlying biological mechanisms may be driving the inter-lesion differences in response. The insights gained from this original work support several hypotheses for how to improve patient treatment. These hypotheses will be partially addressed in three new ongoing clinical trials at the University of Wisconsin.
Download or read book Advances in Cancer Biomarkers written by Roberto Scatena and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-03 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present there are a growing number of biomolecules under investigation to understand their potential role as cancer biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Intriguingly, the state of art on cancer biomarkers research shows interesting and promising results together to clamorous failures. Also from a clinical point of view, there are contradictory results on routine clinical use of the present cancer biomarkers. Some patients may be simply monitored in their course by a periodic blood sample, but sometimes this monitoring shows dramatic limits. A lot of patients show serious and extensive relapses without significant change in serum concentrations of biomarkers tested. Often the physician who should utilize these biomarker does not entirely know their limits and the total potential applications as well and sometimes this knowledge is influenced by economical and marketing strategies. This limited and “polluted” knowledge may have dramatic consequences for patient. The aim of this book is to diffuse all aspects of cancer biomarkers, from their biochemical peculiarities to all clinical implications by passing through their physiology and pathophysiology. This critical approach towards old and new cancer biomarkers should foster a deepened and useful understanding of the diagnostic and prognostic index of these fundamental parameters of laboratory medicine and in the same time facilitating the research of new and more sensitive-specific signals of the cancer cell proliferation.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Cancer Screening and Early Detection written by Sudhir Srivastava and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared by world leaders on this topic, Biomarkers in Cancer Screening and Early Detection offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art perspective on the various research and clinical aspects of cancer biomarkers, from their discovery and development to their validation, clinical utility, and use in developing personalized cancer treatment. Offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art perspective on the various research and clinical aspects of cancer biomarkers Provides immediately actionable information and hopefully also inspiration to move discovery and clinical application forward Offers vital knowledge to help develop personalized cancer treatment for individual patients with specific cancers
Download or read book Molecular Imaging in Oncology written by Otmar Schober and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-27 with total page 911 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the most significant recent advances in oncological molecular imaging, covering the full spectrum from basic and preclinical research to clinical practice. The content is divided into five sections, the first of which is devoted to standardized and emerging technologies and probe designs for different modalities, such as PET, SPECT, optical and optoacoustic imaging, ultrasound, CT, and MRI. The second section focuses on multiscale preclinical applications ranging from advanced microscopy and mass spectroscopy to whole-body imaging. In the third section, various clinical applications are presented, including image-guided surgery and the radiomic analysis of multiple imaging features. The final two sections are dedicated to the emerging, crucial role that molecular imaging can play in the planning and monitoring of external and internal radiotherapy, and to future challenges and prospects in multimodality imaging. Given its scope, the handbook will benefit all readers who are interested in the revolution in diagnostic and therapeutic oncology that is now being brought about by molecular imaging.
Download or read book Quantitative Imaging Tools for Lung Cancer Drug Assessment written by James L. Mulshine and published by Wiley-OSA. This book was released on 2008-04-14 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents chapters written by leading clinical researchers in the field of lung cancer, where high resolution 3-D imaging technology appears to hold the greatest near-term promise, as well as contributions from recognized experts in CAD, medical information technology systems, regulatory procedure, x-ray standards development, and clinical trial design. These expert contributors discuss the current state of the art and provide a road map for directing further research in lung cancer as well as other organ systems.
Download or read book Texture Analysis Platform for Imaging Biomarker Research written by Sara Ranjbar and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate of progress in improving survival of patients with solid tumors is slow due to late stage diagnosis and poor tumor characterization processes that fail to effectively reflect the nature of tumor before treatment or the subsequent change in its dynamics because of treatment. Further advancement of targeted therapies relies on advancements in biomarker research. In the context of solid tumors, bio-specimen samples such as biopsies serve as the main source of biomarkers used in the treatment and monitoring of cancer, even though biopsy samples are susceptible to sampling error and more importantly, are local and offer a narrow temporal scope. Because of its established role in cancer care and its non-invasive nature imaging offers the potential to complement the findings of cancer biology. Over the past decade, a compelling body of literature has emerged suggesting a more pivotal role for imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases. These advances have facilitated the rise of an emerging practice known as Radiomics: the extraction and analysis of large numbers of quantitative features from medical images to improve disease characterization and prediction of outcome. It has been suggested that radiomics can contribute to biomarker discovery by detecting imaging traits that are complementary or interchangeable with other markers. This thesis seeks further advancement of imaging biomarker discovery. This research unfolds over two aims: I) developing a comprehensive methodological pipeline for converting diagnostic imaging data into mineable sources of information, and II) investigating the utility of imaging data in clinical diagnostic applications. Four validation studies were conducted using the radiomics pipeline developed in aim I. These studies had the following goals: (1 distinguishing between benign and malignant head and neck lesions (2) differentiating benign and malignant breast cancers, (3) predicting the status of Human Papillomavirus in head and neck cancers, and (4) predicting neuropsychological performances as they relate to Alzheimer's disease progression. The long-term objective of this thesis is to improve patient outcome and survival by facilitating incorporation of routine care imaging data into decision making processes.
Download or read book Advances in Cancer Biomarkers written by Roberto Scatena and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present there are a growing number of biomolecules under investigation to understand their potential role as cancer biomarker for diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic purposes. Intriguingly, the state of art on cancer biomarkers research shows interesting and promising results together to clamorous failures. Also from a clinical point of view, there are contradictory results on routine clinical use of the present cancer biomarkers. Some patients may be simply monitored in their course by a periodic blood sample, but sometimes this monitoring shows dramatic limits. A lot of patients show serious and extensive relapses without significant change in serum concentrations of biomarkers tested. Often the physician who should utilize these biomarker does not entirely know their limits and the total potential applications as well and sometimes this knowledge is influenced by economical and marketing strategies. This limited and "polluted" knowledge may have dramatic consequences for patient. The aim of this book is to diffuse all aspects of cancer biomarkers, from their biochemical peculiarities to all clinical implications by passing through their physiology and pathophysiology. This critical approach towards old and new cancer biomarkers should foster a deepened and useful understanding of the diagnostic and prognostic index of these fundamental parameters of laboratory medicine and in the same time facilitating the research of new and more sensitive-specific signals of the cancer cell proliferation.
Download or read book Biomarkers in Breast Cancer written by Giampietro Gasparini and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expert laboratory and clinical researchers from around the world review how to design and evaluate studies of tumor markers and examine their use in breast cancer patients. The authors cover both the major advances in sophisticated molecular methods and the state-of-the-art in conventional prognostic and predictive indicators. Among the topics discussed are the relevance of rigorous study design and guidelines for the validation studies of new biomarkers, gene expression profiling by tissue microarrays, adjuvant systemic therapy, and the use of estrogen, progesterone, and epidermal growth factor receptors as both prognostic and predictive indicators. Highlights include the evaluation of HER2 and EGFR family members, of p53, and of UPA/PAI-1; the detection of rare cells in blood and marrow; and the detection and analysis of soluble, circulating markers.
Download or read book Recent Advancements in Biomarkers and Early Detection of Gastrointestinal Cancers written by Pallaval Veera Bramhachari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes various novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers. It also highlights recent advances in understanding the role of molecular markers and biomarkers, such as volatile biomarkers, serum biomarkers, predictive and prognostic molecular markers for the early detection of GI cancers. Further, it discusses novel biomarkers, including circulating microRNAs, serum microRNA and plasma microRNA in GI cancer. The book presents breakthrough technologies like ultra-sensitive nano-chips, nanosensors, nanodevices, biosensors, electrochemical biosensors, optical biosensors, DNA biosensors, synthetic biology devices, and 'omics' technologies for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancer. In addition it examines the potential of genome-wide association studies, big data analytics, computation biology, systems biology, and nanotechnology for early diagnostics and therapeutics for gastrointestinal cancer, with a focus on personalized cancer treatment. The book is a valuable source for researchers and clinicians engaged in detection and diagnosis of gastrointestinal cancers.
Download or read book Establishing 18F NaF PET Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers for Treatment Response Assessment written by Christie Lin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) has increased in clinical oncology to assess response to therapy. Response assessment with PET scans is largely interpreted qualitatively, which results in subjective clinical evaluation. Alternatively, quantitative imaging can enable objective evaluation; however, the path to establish standardized response criteria of candidate quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIBs) is extremely challenging. This dissertation focused on establishing quantitative 18F-NaF PET-based treatment response assessment. Using 18F-NaF PET/CT scans of bone tumors (osseous lesions) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients imaged in a multi-center clinical trial, we characterized test-retest repeatability of standardized uptake values (SUVs) measured from both lesions and patients, and reproducibility across imaging sites. From these studies we derived the limits of agreement, which can be interpreted as objective response criteria. To assess the generalizability of response criteria, we investigated sources of variability that may influence response assessment. Linear mixed effects models identified both differences in injected dose between scans and anatomical location of the lesion may influence repeatability. To address the need to mitigate potential variability in longitudinal imaging, we evaluated the utility of reference region normalization but found that SUVs were similarly robust without. In order to advance criteria for QIBs of response, we introduced the response-to-repeatability metric and discovered that not all candidate QIBs were able to discern statistically measurable changes at treatment follow-up. In our last study, we introduced a bootstrapping method to estimate sample size requirements needed to achieve a desired level of repeatability, a critical component in clinical trial design. Finally, we outlined statistical limitations to the generalizability of response criteria, which will guide appropriate implementation of imaging-based response assessment in the clinical routine. In summary, we present a statistical basis to enable quantitative imaging-based response criteria and methods to iteratively advance needs in both research and the clinic.
Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a ‘go-to’ reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: The basic physics behind tissue property mapping How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor maps and more complex representations of diffusion How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches
Download or read book Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers to Characterize the Tumor Microenvironment in Liver Tumors for Tumor Detection and Therapy Response Assessment written by Tabea Borde and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Developing Novel Quantitative Imaging Analysis Schemes Based Machine Learning for Cancer Research written by Seyedehnafiseh Mirniaharikandehei and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Integrative Analysis of Multi modality Data in Cancer written by Chao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gleaning insights of highly complex, heterogeneous cancer biology requires data collected from different levels - genetic, genomic and phenotypic. There is a high degree of diversity between individuals with a wide spectrum of clinical, pathologic, and molecular features. Traditionally in clinical settings, phenotypic data such as histopathological images are often used for diagnosis, subtyping, staging, prognosis and treatment. With the advent of new high-throughput biotechnologies, multi-modality of genomics and genetic data provide extremely valuable information for cancer research and clinical biomarker discovery. However, the challenge still remains towards the determination of causal relationship in these multi-modality data and effective integration to gain better understanding of cancer biology. In particular, molecular basis of cellular phenotypes manifest in histopathological images are unknown and remain inexplicable. In this dissertation, I present a new analytic framework and accompanying computational methods to facilitate integrative analyses of multi-modality biomedical data. The first part of this volume describes the extraction of image features thus enabling quantitative analysis of the cellular structures. Our feature collections include texture features, previously discovered salient features and features designed to mimic the observations of a trained pathologist. In the next part, studies that establish the genotype-phenotype links using morphological features from histopathology are presented. Molecules and molecular events associated with breast cancer morphology are discovered. In the third part, beyond pairwise correlations, I explore multivariate molecular basis of lung adenocarcinoma morphology. This study suggests that a cellular structure can be potential target in treatment of lung adenocarcinoma. Finally, the last part aims to develop computational methods that can jointly cluster cancer patient samples based on multi-modality data. These effective integrative cluster methods allow patient stratification based on both essential categorical attributes and multi-dimensional data from different sources. I demonstrate the application of these methods using datasets pertaining to breast cancer. The proposed image processing workflows, the collection of morphological features, the analytical framework that links molecular expression to morphological measurements, and the integrative clustering methods show potential in revealing biological basis and new therapeutic targets of various types of cancer. The results from the studies indicate biologically interesting subtypes with potential biomarkers. The frameworks and methodologies presented in this dissertation can mine the large and complex collections of data to identify new comprehensive biomarkers generate new hypothesis.
