Download or read book Advancements in the Seismic Design of Cold formed Steel Structures Through the Investigation of Diaphragm Behaviour and the Influence of Non structural Components written by Violetta Nikolaidou and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Recent shake table experimental work revealed that cold-formed steel (CFS) buildings exhibit excellent structural performance under high earthquake excitations; however, due to the complex nonlinear response of CFS members and their interactions, the reasons behind this performance are still unclear. Currently, in the AISI S400 North American Standard for Seismic Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural Systems the seismic design of CFS framed structures is based on the lateral response of CFS framed shear walls and special moment frames, as the primary lateral load resisting elements; the contribution to the lateral stiffness of non-structural gypsum sheathing is included with limitations about its applicability while of the diaphragm component is not taken into account.An experimental diaphragm program of OSB sheathed / CFS framed diaphragm configurations was launched at McGill University. Experimental results underlined the dependency of the diaphragm's lateral response on screw spacing and size and the beneficial effect of panel edge blocking. Diaphragm configurations with non-structural components were also tested. Subsequently, a 3D numerical model of a case-study two-storey CFS building was created incorporating non-structural components. Response history dynamic analyses results revealed the addition of gypsum sheathing and gravity walls as substantially increasing the lateral resistance of the structure. Focusing on the influence of the diaphragm's flexibility on a CFS building a parametric numerical study was realized, where three diaphragm stiffness conditions were examined; flexible, semi-rigid and rigid. Response history analyses results revealed reduction of the wall-line storey drifts with increase of the diaphragm flexibility; the level of that reduction is dependent on the input ground motion. The rigid diaphragm assumption for the building, used in design, was able to capture adequately the shear wall forces; however, it overestimated the wall-line storey drift ratios of the CFS building." --

Download or read book Characterization of Wood Sheathed Cold formed Steel Diaphragms written by Patrick Latreille and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "There exists a desire to better understand the in-plane response of cold-formed steel (CFS) framed diaphragms subjected to seismic loading. At present, the diaphragm design information available in the North American design standards (AISI S240, AISI S400) is not applicable in Canada and is of limited scope in the United States and Mexico. These design provisions are based largely on basic principles of engineering and the extrapolation of design methods used for wood diaphragms. Few full-scale tests have been performed to validate the accuracy of these design values and equations for real world application. Furthermore, the effect of non-structural components on the in-plane strength and stiffness of the diaphragm component has yet to be explored. In an effort to provide insight into the complex nature of the diaphragm structure and the influence of non-structural components, a research program was initiated in the Jamieson Structures Laboratory at McGill University focusing on the characterization of the behaviour of CFS framed - wood sheathed diaphragms under in-plane loading. A total of six 3.7m x 6.1m CFS diaphragm specimens with oriented strand board sheathing were tested following the cantilever test method. Three of these diaphragms focused on the effects of structural changes, while the remaining three were used to investigate the effects of incorporating non-structural elements in the construction. This thesis contains a detailed account of these six tests, including their design, construction and the overall results and observations. The tests focusing on structural changes, demonstrated that the orientation of the joists with respect to loading had little effect on the overall diaphragm response, strap blocking for panel edges was shown to be just as effective as full blocking and an upper threshold for shear strength and stiffness was reached by reducing the spacing of the perimeter fasteners. The tests of diaphragms built having non-structural elements demonstrated that both the addition of a single layer of gypsum panels to the underside of the diaphragm and a 19mm gypcrete topping poured on top of the wood sheathing had a significant strengthening and stiffening impact on the overall diaphragms response. Design predictions were calculated using the AISI S400 Standard for both deflection and shear strength. Meaningful comparisons were only realized for design deflection when the equation for shear walls was used with the values adjusted to remove inelastic behaviour, while no meaningful comparisons were realized for shear strength due to the limited information available within the S240 and S400 standards." --

Download or read book Seismic Design of Lateral Resisting Cold formed Steel Framed CFS Structures written by Iman Shamim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Seismic design provisions for wood sheathed / cold-formed steel (CFS) framed shear walls and CFS strap braced walls are available in the AISI S213-07 Standard. However, the National Building Code of Canada (NBCC), as well as the CSA S136 and the AISI S213 Standards, at present, do not address the seismic design of steel sheathed / CFS framed shear walls for use in Canada. The existing design guidelines for CFS framed shear walls are based on data obtained from static tests carried out under both monotonic and reversed cyclic loading protocols. The objective of this research was to develop seismic design provisions for the CFS framed shear walls forming part of the seismic force resisting system of a building, with the intent to recommend that they be included in the NBCC and AISI S213. The approach involved shake table testing of single- and double-storey CFS framed steel and wood sheathed shear walls, numerical modeling of the tested shear walls, and, lastly, non-linear time history dynamic analyses of building archetypes following the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) P695 methodology. Overall, seven wood sheathed and ten steel sheathed CFS framed shear walls were tested on the Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal structural laboratory shake table. The wall specimens were full-scale single- and double-storey walls and, most, were constructed with the blocking in the CFS frame. A wood sheathed shear wall was tested with a gypsum panel on one side of the specimen in order to investigate the effects of non-structural components. The dynamic test program included impact tests, harmonic forced vibration tests, and ground motion tests representative of the seismic hazard in Quebec and Vancouver, Canada. The seismic performance of the dynamically tested shear walls, i.e. force vs. displacement hysteretic behaviour and failure modes, was primarily similar to the static tests. Inclusion of the blocking increased the shear strength of the tested shear walls by almost 50%. OpenSees software was used for the numerical modelling of the dynamically tested walls. The inelastic behaviour of the shear walls was replicated by using the Pinching04 material; additional zerolength spring elements were included in the model to represent frame stiffness, anchor rod stiffness and the CFS framing. The wall models were calibrated based on the results of the dynamic tests, as well as data obtained from the calibration of previously performed static tests. Moreover, to provide experimental data to complete the model calibration procedure a series of static tests was conducted on blocked CFS bare frames and stud-to-track connections. The archetype buildings (twelve in total) were two, four and five storey office and residential buildings located in Halifax, Montreal and Vancouver, Canada. The buildings designed with Rd = 2.0 and Ro = 1.3 satisfied the FEMA P695 collapse capacity requirements. Inclusion of gypsum panel in two of the archetype buildings increased the collapse margin ratio by 20% on average." --

Download or read book Seismic Design of Steel Structures written by Victor Gioncu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-20 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing real world applications for different structural types and seismic characteristics, Seismic Design of Steel Structures combines knowledge of seismic behavior of steel structures with the principles of earthquake engineering. This book focuses on seismic design, and concentrates specifically on seismic-resistant steel structures. Drawing on experience from the Northridge to the Tohoku earthquakes, it combines understanding of the seismic behavior of steel structures with the principles of earthquake engineering. The book focuses on the global as well as local behavior of steel structures and their effective seismic-resistant design. It recognises different types of earthquakes, takes into account the especial danger of fire after earthquake, and proposes new bracing and connecting systems for new seismic resistant steel structures, and also for upgrading existing reinforced concrete structures. Includes the results of the extensive use of the DUCTROCT M computer program, which is used for the evaluation of the seismic available ductility, both monotonic and cyclic, for different types of earthquakes Demonstrates good design principles by highlighting the behavior of seismic-resistant steel structures in many applications from around the world Provides a methodological approach, making a clear distinction between strong and low-to-moderate seismic regions This book serves as a reference for structural engineers involved in seismic design, as well as researchers and graduate students of seismic structural analysis and design.

Download or read book NEHRP Recommended Provisions National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program for Seismic Regulations for New Buildings and Other Structures Commentary written by United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seismic Performance Assessment of Multi Storey Buildings with Cold Formed Steel Shear Wall Systems written by Joel Martinez Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico M. Mazzolani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1034 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico Mazzolani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-12-03 with total page 1667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas comprises the latest progress in both theoretical and experimental research on the behaviour of steel structures in seismic areas. The book presents the most recent trends in the field of steel structures in seismic areas, with particular reference to the utilisation of multi-level performance bas

Download or read book Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico M. Mazzolani and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 1192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Stability of Steel Structures written by M. Iványi and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ASCE Combined Index written by American Society of Civil Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes materials appearing in the Society's Journals, Transactions, Manuals and reports, Special publications, and Civil engineering.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas written by Federico M. Mazzolani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications in the field of seismic design and performance of steel structures, as presented by leading international researchers and engineers at the 10th International Conference on the Behaviour of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas (STESSA), held in Timisoara, Romania, on 25-27 May 2022. It covers a diverse range of topics such as behaviour of structural members and connections, performance of structural systems, mixed and composite structures, energy dissipation systems, self-centring and low-damage systems, assessment and retrofitting, codes and standards, light-gauge systems. The contributions, which were selected by means of a rigorous international peer-review process, present a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.

Download or read book Advances in Engineering Structures Mechanics Construction written by M. Pandey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-10 with total page 847 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of an International Conference on Advances in Engineering Structures, Mechanics & Construction, held in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, May 14-17, 2006. The contents include contains the texts of all three plenary presentations and all seventy-three technical papers by more than 153 authors, presenting the latest advances in engineering structures, mechanics and construction research and practice.

Download or read book Standard for Seismic Design of Cold formed Steel Structural Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Performance based Seismic Design of Nonlinear Steel Structures Using a Novel Reliability Technique written by Jose Ramon Gaxiola Camacho and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unified performance-based seismic design procedure is proposed and successfully implemented in this dissertation. It provides an alternative to the currently used life safety design requirement. To successfully develop the concept, structures are represented by finite elements and excited by the seismic loading in time domain. To implement the performance-based seismic design concept, a novel reliability evaluation technique is proposed, integrating the finite element method, first order reliability method, the response surface method, and advanced factorial design concept, producing compounding beneficial effects. Following the 1994 Northridge earthquake, several improved connections in steel buildings were proposed to eliminate brittle fractures in welds. Making connections more flexible was considered to be an attractive option. One type of flexible connection considered in this study is expected to be economical and improve the behavior of steel structures, making them more seismic load-tolerant. However, the partial rigidities of connections need to be considered. To consider rigidities of connections, the 4-parameters Richard model is incorporated in the finite element algorithm. The accuracy of the procedure is demonstrated by comparing it with respect to Monte Carlo Simulation. The efficiency and robustness are verified with the help of several steel structures of different height. Performances are defined in terms of immediate occupancy, life safety, and collapse prevention. The corresponding risks are evaluated by exciting steel structures designed by experts satisfying all post-Northridge seismic design requirements. In order to incorporate uncertainties in frequency contents of ground motions, the structures are excited by 20 earthquake time histories for each performance level, and the corresponding reliability indexes and probabilities of failure are estimated. Only hundreds of deterministic finite element analysis are required for extracting the corresponding risk. The superiority in extracting reliability information is demonstrated with respect to Monte Carlo Simulation, which requires thousands or millions of deterministic finite element analysis. The study confirms the benefits of multiple deterministic analyses suggested in recent design guidelines. The behavior of post-Northridge design is demonstrated to be superior to that of the pre-Northridge design, as expected. The performance criteria suggested by the Federal Emergency Management Agency appear to be reasonable and are expected to satisfy the intent of the performance-based design concept. Several other advantages of the novel reliability technique are presented in terms of corresponding risk of steel structures excited by simulated ground motions. A broadband platform developed by the Southern California Earthquake Center is used for the artificial generation of time histories. Then, the structural risk is calculated using simulated ground motions. Designing a structure using multiple time histories, as suggested in recent design guidelines, is a step in the right direction. Based on the results and the observations documented in this dissertation, a robust, efficient, and accurate reliability technique is proposed, and its implementation potential for the performance-based seismic design of steel structures is demonstrated.

Download or read book Behaviour of Steel I beam to Box Column Connections Under Post earthquake Fire written by Qian-Yi Song and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various kinds of structural damage, even collapse, can be caused to buildings by extreme loads such as earthquake, fire and impact. Among these extreme loads, not only is earthquake a common extreme natural disaster that can cause widespread damage and loss, but also it can induce other secondary disasters including fire, tsunami and debris flow. It is certainly a more destructive event when structures survive through an earthquake with various damage but are attacked by extreme secondary impacts. For the safety of life and property, evaluation of post-earthquake structural behaviour is necessary. Historical records show that, among all the events caused by earthquake, fire is a frequent event. In this study, the post-earthquake fire (PEF) scenario is the focus in which structural behaviour is investigated.PEF events are recognised as a major threat to building structures. Yet understanding of the behaviour of structural components subjected to PEF is still limited, especially understanding based on experimental investigation. In regions of low to medium seismic risk, structural systems usually survive through the heavy ground motion but are left with partial damage. It is worthwhile, therefore, to investigate and evaluate the residual fire-resisting capacity of partially damaged structures. Since simple steel I-beam-to-tubular-column connections are widely used in low- to medium-rise steel structures, three types of steel connection were proposed for the experimental and numerical investigation in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of damage on fire-resisting behaviour of steel connections. In order to achieve the target, a series of experimental investigations were carried out, including tests under monotonic and cyclic loadings at ambient temperature, fire loading and PEF loading scenarios of interest consisting of a pre-damage seismic loading phase and a subsequent fire loading phase. Damage assessment was performed mainly on the basis of the test results under seismic loading at ambient temperature. The ISO-834 standard fire curve was adopted as the target fire scenario for the fire and PEF tests.Using conventional material constitutive models, preliminary FE modelling analyses, including heat transfer analysis and mechanical behaviour analysis of steel tubular connections were also carried out and verified by experimental results under the loading scenarios at ambient temperature and fire. Although the modelling results were relatively good agreed with test data, the limit of the conventional modelling method was seen to model the damage phenomena, as well as the complex PEF process. Considering that fracture phenomena are complex and no well-accepted material model coupling with fracture particularly that under cyclic loading and fire was available, a simplified method was adopted to investigate the influence of pre-induced fracture damage on the fire-resisting performance of the connections. Pre-induced fracture was simulated by the element removal method. Besides the measured fire scenarios from the tests, a slow fire scenario was also adopted in the modelling investigation of the pre-damaged connections subjected to fire. Besides the investigation of the steel connections under PEF, preliminary investigation of steel ductile fracture under monotonic loading at ambient temperature was carried out through material coupon tests and FE modelling. Two typical stress states were investigated including the uniaxial tensile loading case and the in-plane shear loading case. The influence of load rate over a small range was investigated within the material coupon tests. FE modellings were established and verified by the material coupon test results. The established fracture mode was finally applied in the modelling of connection CWH5S with improved modelling result.Through the experimental investigation, fracture was found as one of the main pre-damage phenomena that significantly influence the fire-resisting capacity of steel connections subjected to PEF events. According to the investigations by experimental and numerical modelling methods, the fire-resisting capacity of the connections was found degraded significantly with the increase of the pre-induced damage level. The fire duration of the steel connections with heavy damage was shown decreased around 30%. As time is the most critical factor that determines evacuation of people, fire fighting and search-and-rescue, this study provides useful understanding of degradation of the fire-resisting capacity of steel connections pre-damaged by earthquake. For important buildings, it is also necessary to consider fire as secondary extreme event in design for safety reasons.

Download or read book Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings written by Applied Technology Council and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: