Download or read book Advanced Technology Composite Fuselage Materials and Processes written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of Boeing's Advanced Technology Composite Aircraft Structures (ATCAS) program was to develop the technology required for cost and weight efficient use of composite materials in transport fuselage structure. This contractor report describes results of material and process selection, development, and characterization activities. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy was chosen for fuselage skins and stiffening elements and for passenger and cargo floor structures. The automated fiber placement (AFP) process was selected for fabrication of monolithic and sandwich skin panels. Circumferential frames and window frames were braided and resin transfer molded (RTM'd). Pultrusion was selected for fabrication of floor beams and constant section stiffening elements. Drape forming was chosen for stringers and other stiffening elements. Significant development efforts were expended on the AFP, braiding, and RTM processes. Sandwich core materials and core edge close-out design concepts were evaluated. Autoclave cure processes were developed for stiffened skin and sandwich structures. The stiffness, strength, notch sensitivity, and bearing/bypass properties of fiber-placed skin materials and braided/RTM'd circumferential frame materials were characterized. The strength and durability of cocured and cobonded joints were evaluated. Impact damage resistance of stiffened skin and sandwich structures typical of fuselage panels was investigated. Fluid penetration and migration mechanisms for sandwich panels were studied. Scholz, D. B. and Dost, E. F. and Flynn, B. W. and Ilcewicz, L. B. and Nelson, K. M. and Sawicki, A. J. and Walker, T. H. and Lakes, R. S. Langley Research Center NASA-CR-4731, NAS 1.26:4731 NAS1-18889; NAS1-20013; RTOP 510-02-13-01...

Download or read book Advanced Technology Composite Fuselage Manufacturing written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of Boeing's Advanced Technology Composite Aircraft Structures (ATCAS) program is to develop the technology required for cost-and weight-efficient use of composite materials in transport fuselage structure. Carbon fiber reinforced epoxy was chosen for fuselage skins and stiffening elements, and for passenger and cargo floor structures. The automated fiber placement (AFP) process was selected for fabrication of stringer-stiffened and sandwich skin panels. Circumferential and window frames were braided and resin transfer molded (RTM'd). Pultrusion was selected for fabrication of floor beams and constant-section stiffening elements. Drape forming was chosen for stringers and other stiffening elements cocured to skin structures. Significant process development efforts included AFP, braiding, RTM, autoclave cure, and core blanket fabrication for both sandwich and stiffened-skin structure. Outer-mold-line and inner-mold-line tooling was developed for sandwich structures and stiffened-skin structure. The effect of design details, process control and tool design on repeatable, dimensionally stable, structure for low cost barrel assembly was assessed. Subcomponent panels representative of crown, keel, and side quadrant panels were fabricated to assess scale-up effects and manufacturing anomalies for full-scale structures. Manufacturing database including time studies, part quality, and manufacturing plans were generated to support the development of designs and analytical models to access cost, structural performance, and dimensional tolerance. Wilden, K. S. and Harris, C. G. and Flynn, B. W. and Gessel, M. G. and Scholz, D. B. and Stawski, S. and Winston, V. Langley Research Center COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; MANUFACTURING; FUSELAGES; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; SANDWICH STRUCTURES; RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING; DATA BASES; FABRICATION; EPOXY MATRIX COMPOSITES; CARBON FIBERS; STIFFENING; STRINGERS; TOOLING; PULTRUSION; PANELS; DIMENSIONAL STABILITY; SKIN (STRUCTURAL MEMBER); BRAIDED CO...

Download or read book Advanced Technology Composite Fuselage written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advanced Technology Composite Aircraft Structures (ATCAS) program has studied transport fuselage structure with a large potential reduction in the total direct operating costs for wide-body commercial transports. The baseline fuselage section was divided into four 'quadrants', crown, keel, and sides, gaining the manufacturing cost advantage possible with larger panels. Key processes found to have savings potential include (1) skins laminated by automatic fiber placement, (2) braided frames using resin transfer molding, and (3) panel bond technology that minimized mechanical fastening. The cost and weight of the baseline fuselage barrel was updated to complete Phase B of the program. An assessment of the former, which included labor, material, and tooling costs, was performed with the help of design cost models. Crown, keel, and side quadrant cost distributions illustrate the importance of panel design configuration, area, and other structural details. Composite sandwich panel designs were found to have the greatest cost savings potential for most quadrants. Key technical findings are summarized as an introduction to the other contractor reports documenting Phase A and B work completed in functional areas. The current program status in resolving critical technical issues is also highlighted. Ilcewicz, L. B. and Smith, P. J. and Hanson, C. T. and Walker, T. H. and Metschan, S. L. and Mabson, G. E. and Wilden, K. S. and Flynn, B. W. and Scholz, D. B. and Polland, D. R. and Fredrikson, H. G. and Olson, J. T. and Backman, B. F. Langley Research Center COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; FUSELAGES; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; COST REDUCTION; SANDWICH STRUCTURES; OPERATING COSTS; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; RESIN TRANSFER MOLDING; WEIGHT REDUCTION; MANUFACTURING; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; TOOLING; DESIGN TO COST; MAINTENANCE; SKIN (STRUCTURAL MEMBER)...

Download or read book New Materials for Next Generation Commercial Transports written by Committee on New Materials for Advanced Civil Aircraft and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-29 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this book was to identify issues related to the introduction of new materials and the effects that advanced materials will have on the durability and technical risk of future civil aircraft throughout their service life. The committee investigated the new materials and structural concepts that are likely to be incorporated into next generation commercial aircraft and the factors influencing application decisions. Based on these predictions, the committee attempted to identify the design, characterization, monitoring, and maintenance issues that are critical for the introduction of advanced materials and structural concepts into future aircraft.

Download or read book Advanced Technology Composite Fuselage Structural Performance written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boeing is studying the technologies associated with the application of composite materials to commercial transport fuselage structure under the NASA-sponsored contracts for Advanced Technology Composite Aircraft Structures (ATCAS) and Materials Development Omnibus Contract (MDOC). This report addresses the program activities related to structural performance of the selected concepts, including both the design development and subsequent detailed evaluation. Design criteria were developed to ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and typical company objectives. Accurate analysis methods were selected and/or developed where practical, and conservative approaches were used where significant approximations were necessary. Design sizing activities supported subsequent development by providing representative design configurations for structural evaluation and by identifying the critical performance issues. Significant program efforts were directed towards assessing structural performance predictive capability. The structural database collected to perform this assessment was intimately linked to the manufacturing scale-up activities to ensure inclusion of manufacturing-induced performance traits. Mechanical tests were conducted to support the development and critical evaluation of analysis methods addressing internal loads, stability, ultimate strength, attachment and splice strength, and damage tolerance. Unresolved aspects of these performance issues were identified as part of the assessments, providing direction for future development. Walker, T. H. and Minguet, P. J. and Flynn, B. W. and Carbery, D. J. and Swanson, G. D. and Ilcewicz, L. B. Langley Research Center COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; FUSELAGES; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; STRUCTURAL DESIGN; PERFORMANCE PREDICTION; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; MANUFACTURING; DATA BASES; STRUCTURAL FAILURE; DAMAGE ASSESSMENT; LOADS (FORCES); AEROELASTICITY; TOLERANCES (MECHANICS); DESIGN ANALYSIS; PREDICTION ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; STABILITY...

Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology written by Ulf Paul Breuer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on lectures held at the faculty of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. The focus is on the central theme of societies overall aircraft requirements to specific material requirements and highlights the most important advantages and challenges of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) compared to conventional materials. As it is fundamental to decide on the right material at the right place early on the main activities and milestones of the development and certification process and the systematic of defining clear requirements are discussed. The process of material qualification - verifying material requirements is explained in detail. All state-of-the-art composite manufacturing technologies are described, including changes and complemented by examples, and their improvement potential for future applications is discussed. Tangible case studies of high lift and wing structures emphasize the specific advantages and challenges of composite technology. Finally, latest R&D results are discussed, providing possible future solutions for key challenges such as low cost high performance materials, electrical function integration and morphing structures.

Download or read book New Materials for Next Generation Commercial Transports written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-03-15 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this book was to identify issues related to the introduction of new materials and the effects that advanced materials will have on the durability and technical risk of future civil aircraft throughout their service life. The committee investigated the new materials and structural concepts that are likely to be incorporated into next generation commercial aircraft and the factors influencing application decisions. Based on these predictions, the committee attempted to identify the design, characterization, monitoring, and maintenance issues that are critical for the introduction of advanced materials and structural concepts into future aircraft.

Download or read book Advanced Technology Composite Fuselage Repair and Damage Assessment Supporting Maintenance written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Under the NASA-sponsored contracts for Advanced Technology Composite Aircraft Structures (ATCAS) and Materials Development Omnibus Contract (MDOC), Boeing is studying the technologies associated with the application of composite materials to commercial transport fuselage structure. Included in the study is the incorporation of maintainability and repairability requirements of composite primary structure into the design. This contractor report describes activities performed to address maintenance issues in composite fuselage applications. A key aspect of the study was the development of a maintenance philosophy which included consideration of maintenance issues early in the design cycle, multiple repair options, and airline participation in design trades. Fuselage design evaluations considered trade-offs between structural weight, damage resistance/tolerance (repair frequency), and inspection burdens. Analysis methods were developed to assess structural residual strength in the presence of damage, and to evaluate repair design concepts. Repair designs were created with a focus on mechanically fastened concepts for skin/stringer structure and bonded concepts for sandwich structure. Both a large crown (skintstringer) and keel (sandwich) panel were repaired. A compression test of the keel panel indicated the demonstrated repairs recovered ultimate load capability. In conjunction with the design and manufacturing developments, inspection methods were investigated for their potential to evaluate damaged structure and verify the integrity of completed repairs. Flynn, B. W. and Bodine, J. B. and Dopker, B. and Finn, S. R. and Griess, K. H. and Hanson, C. T. and Harris, C. G. and Nelson, K. M. and Walker, T. H. and Kennedy, T. C. and Nahan, M. F. Langley Research Center FUSELAGES; MAINTENANCE; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; BOLTED JOINTS; BONDED JOINTS; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; CIVIL AVIATION; MAINTAINABILITY; STRINGERS; STRUCTURAL WEIGHT; INSPECTION; TRADEOFFS; SKIN (STRUCTURAL MEMBER); ...

Download or read book Advanced Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering written by Sohel Rana and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering: Processing, Properties and Applications predominately focuses on the use of advanced composite materials in aerospace engineering. It discusses both the basic and advanced requirements of these materials for various applications in the aerospace sector, and includes discussions on all the main types of commercial composites that are reviewed and compared to those of metals. Various aspects, including the type of fibre, matrix, structure, properties, modeling, and testing are considered, as well as mechanical and structural behavior, along with recent developments. There are several new types of composite materials that have huge potential for various applications in the aerospace sector, including nanocomposites, multiscale and auxetic composites, and self-sensing and self-healing composites, each of which is discussed in detail. The book’s main strength is its coverage of all aspects of the topics, including materials, design, processing, properties, modeling and applications for both existing commercial composites and those currently under research or development. Valuable case studies provide relevant examples of various product designs to enhance learning. Contains contributions from leading experts in the field Provides a comprehensive resource on the use of advanced composite materials in the aerospace industry Discusses both existing commercial composite materials and those currently under research or development

Download or read book Materials Structures and Manufacturing for Aircraft written by Melih Cemal Kuşhan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-25 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive look at materials science topics in aerospace, air vehicle structures and manufacturing methods for aerospace products, examining recent trends and new technological developments. Coverage includes additive manufacturing, advanced material removal operations, novel wing systems, design of landing gear, eco-friendly aero-engines, and light alloys, advanced polymers, composite materials and smart materials for structural components. Case studies and coverage of practical applications demonstrate how these technologies are being successfully deployed. Materials, Structures & Manufacturing for Aircraft will appeal to a broad readership in the aviation community, including students, engineers, scientists, and researchers, as a reference source for material science and modern production techniques.

Download or read book Application of a Design Build Team Approach to Low Cost and Weight Composite Fuselage Structure written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-17 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Relationships between manufacturing costs and design details must be understood to promote the application of advanced composite technologies to transport fuselage structures. A team approach, integrating the disciplines responsible for aircraft structural design and manufacturing, was developed to perform cost and weight trade studies for a twenty-foot diameter aft fuselage section. Baseline composite design and manufacturing concepts were selected for large quadrant panels in crown, side, and keel areas of the fuselage section. The associated technical issues were also identified. Detailed evaluation of crown panels indicated the potential for large weight savings and costs competitive with aluminum technology in the 1995 timeframe. Different processes and material forms were selected for the various elements that comprise the fuselage structure. Additional cost and weight savings potential was estimated for future advancements. Ilcewicz, L. B. and Walker, T. H. and Willden, K. S. and Swanson, G. D. and Truslove, G. and Metschan, S. L. and Pfahl, C. L. Unspecified Center AIRCRAFT DESIGN; COMPOSITE STRUCTURES; DESIGN ANALYSIS; FUSELAGES; MANUFACTURING; TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT; TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT; AIRCRAFT STRUCTURES; ALUMINUM; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; COST REDUCTION; KEELS; PANELS...

Download or read book Composite Materials in Aerospace Design written by G.I. Zagainov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite Materials in Aerospace Design is one of six titles in a coherent and definitive series dedicated to advanced composite materials research, development and usage in the former Soviet Union. Much of the information presented has been classified until recently. Thus each volume provides a unique insight into hitherto unknown research and development data. This volume deals with the design philosophy and methodology used to produce primary and secondary load bearing composite structures with high life expectancies. The underlying theme is of extensive advanced composites research and development programs in aircraft and spacecraft applications, including the space orbital ship `BURAN'. The applicability of much of this work to other market sectors, such as automotive, shipbuilding and sporting goods is also examined in some detail. The text starts by describing typical structures for which composites may be used in this area and some of the basic requirements from the materials being used. Design of components with composite materials is then discussed, with specific reference to case studies. This is followed by discussion and results from evaluation of finished structures and components, methods of joining with conventional materials and finally, non-destructive testing methods and forecasting of the performance of the composite materials and the structures which they form. Composite Materials in Aerospace Design will be of interest to anyone researching or developing in composite materials science and technology, as well as design and aerospace engineers, both in industry and universities.

Download or read book Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures written by Alan A. Baker and published by AIAA. This book was released on 2004 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Materials and Processes in Transportation written by Dirk Lehmhus and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-07 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lightness, efficiency, durability and economic as well as ecological viability are key attributes required from materials today. In the transport industry, the performance needs are felt exceptionally strongly. This handbook and ready reference covers the use of structural materials throughout this industry, particularly for the road, air and rail sectors. A strong focus is placed on the latest developments in materials engineering. The authors present new insights and trends, providing firsthand information from the perspective of universities, Fraunhofer and independent research institutes, aerospace and automotive companies and suppliers. Arranged into parts to aid the readers in finding the information relevant to their needs: * Metals * Polymers * Composites * Cellular Materials * Modeling and Simulation * Higher Level Trends

Download or read book Composite Fuselage Technology written by Paul A. Lagace and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: The aircraft industry continues to pursue the use of advanced composite materials in aircraft structures in order to save weight and produce more efficient, and potentially cost-effective, aircraft. As of the beginning of this work in 1989, advanced composite materials had been applied for over two decades in a number of aerospace structures. Although the list of applications at that time (including aircraft such as the Boeing 757 and 767, the Beech Starship, The Osprey V-22, the F-18, and the AV-8B) represented important engineering achievements, the National Research Council Committee on the Status and Viability of Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures noted in its 1987 report that: "Despite these and other examples, filamentary composites still have significant unfulfilled potential for increasing aircraft productivity [1]." An area identified for application of composite materials, at the time of this work, was primary load-bearing structure in large commercial transports. Although smaller aircraft, such as the Beech Starship, have had primary loadbearing structure, such as wings and fuselages, constructed from composite materials, it is not practical to geometrically scale up a general aviation aircraft into a large transport due to differences such as in the loading indices. There was thus an identified need to pursue further research into the behavior of composite materials and their structures so that increased benefits, such as further reduction in the structural load fraction, can be achieved. Two critical technology areas as related to aircraft are the technologies associated with wings and with fuselages. In considering such applications, an overriding concern is safety. In and of itself, safety is a very wide ranging issues. But, with regard to structure, safety generally deals with the ability of the structure to maintain its integrity while subjected to the loads and environment experienced in operation. A central issue in the case of a primary load-bearing structure is damage. There are three facets to the central issue of damage: damage resistance, which involves the ability of a structure to undergo events without (minimal) damage occurring and which thus addresses the question "how does damage get there"; damage tolerance, which involves the ability of a structure to undergo loading with damage present without failing and which thus addresses the question of "when does damage propagate/cause failure?"; and damage arrest, which involves the ability of a structural configuration to stop propagating damage before such damage causes catastrophic failure and which thus addresses the question "how can the propagating damage be stopped?". Answers to these three questions must be provided in order for a safe structure to be designed. In addressing these issues as they pertain to fuselage configurations made from advanced composite materials, a number of other important technical issues arise. A key issue is that of orthotropy. Due to their inherent orthotropy, composite materials provide the designer the ability to vary the properties of the structure with the structural needs in the various directions of the structure. This "structural tailoring" will affect the damage issues previously enumerated and the designer needs to know how to best tailor the specific fuselage structure to meet the structural needs and to meet the demands placed by the damage issues of resistance, tolerance, and arrest. A further issue deals with the effects of size. Aircraft fuselages are constructed of various dimensions and test articles are often of much smaller size. In order to apply the technology across the entire spectrum of possible sizes, it is necessary to understand the role of scale in the three damage issues. If scaling "laws" or working principles can be established, then the data and lessons learned on one fuselage can be more readily transferred to that of a different geometry and size. A final issue that could be immediately identified was that of configuration and its effects on the three facets of damage. A common structural configuration for aircraft fuselages is that of skin and frame where the underlying frame carries the longitudinal and bending loads while the skin provides the pressure surface and shear capability. In contrast to this typical approach used in metallic airframes, the Beech Starship fuselage has a more monocoque configuration utilizing a sandwich structure with inner and outer graphite/epoxy skins surrounding a Nomex honeycomb core. In this configuration, the sandwich skins provide the bending, longitudinal, pressure, and shear capabilities of the fuselage. In the skin/frame configuration, issues such as the interaction between the skin and the frame and how the skin is attached to the frame must be treated. In the sandwich configuration, issues concerning sandwich construction including debonding of the skins from the honeycomb must be addressed. Again, these need to be addressed in the context of the three facets of damage as to how they affect damage resistance, damage tolerance, and damage arrest. The underlying need is to provide the structural designer with the capability to choose the structural configuration that will most efficiently carry out its mission.

Download or read book Polymer Matrix Composites Materials Usage Design and Analysis written by Composite Materials Handbook – 17 (CMH-17) and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2012-07-10 with total page 955 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third volume of this six-volume compendium provides methodologies and lessons learned for the design, analysis, manufacture, and field support of fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix composite structures. It also provides guidance on material and process specifications and procedures for using the data that is presented in Volume 2. The information provided is consistent with the guidance provided in Volume 1, and is an extensive compilation of the current knowledge and experiences of engineers and scientists from industry, government, and academia who are active in composites. The Composite Materials Handbook, referred to by industry groups as CMH-17, is a six-volume engineering reference tool that contains over 1,000 records of the latest test data for polymer matrix, metal matrix, ceramic matrix, and structural sandwich composites. CMH-17 provides information and guidance necessary to design and fabricate end items from composite materials. It includes properties of composite materials that meet specific data requirements as well as guidelines for design, analysis, material selection, manufacturing, quality control, and repair. The primary purpose of the handbook is to standardize engineering methodologies related to testing, data reduction, and reporting of property data for current and emerging composite materials. It is used by engineers worldwide in designing and fabricating products made from composite materials.

Download or read book Composite Materials in Aircraft Structures written by Don H. Middleton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1990 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of papers on composite materials in aircraft structures. The topics covered range from micromechanics and the properties of fibre composites, to advanced composite tooling and manufacturing methods.