Download or read book Advanced Combustor Design Concepts to Control NO subscript X and Air Toxics Quarterly Progress Report October December 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct coal combustion must be a primary energy source for the electric utility industry and for heavy manufacturing during the next several decades because of the availability and economic advantage of coal relative to other fuels and because of the time required to produce major market penetration in the energy field. However, the major obstacle to coal utilization is a set of ever-tightening environmental regulations at both the federal and local levels. It is, therefore, critical that fundamental research be conducted to support the development of low-emission, high efficiency pulverized coal power systems.
Download or read book Advanced Combustor Design Concepts to Control NOx and Air Toxics Quarterly Report July September 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The University of Utah, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Reaction Engineering International (REI) and ABB/Combustion Engineering have joined together in this research proposal to develop fundamental understanding regarding the impact of fuel and combustion changes on ignition stability and flame characteristics because these critically affect: NO(subscript x) emissions, carbon burnout, and emissions of air toxics. Existing laboratory and bench scale facilities are being used to generate critical missing data which will be used to improve the NO(subscript x) and carbon burnout submodels in comprehensive combustion simulation tools currently being used by industrial boiler manufacturers. ABB/Combustion Engineering is providing needed fundamental data on the extent of volatile evolution from commercial coals as well as background information on current design needs in industrial practice. Since they will ultimately be a recipient of the enhanced design methodology, they are also providing ongoing review of the practical applicability of the tools being developed. MIT is responsible for the development of an improved char nitrogen oxidation model which will ultimately be incorporated into an enhanced NO(subscript x) submodel. Reaction Engineering International is providing the lead engineering staff for the experimental studies and an overall industrial focus for the work based on their use of the combustion simulation tools for a wide variety of industries. The University of Utah is conducting bench scale experimentation to (1) investigate alternative methods for enhancing flame stability to reduce NO(subscript x) emissions and (2) characterize air toxic emissions under ultra-low NO(subscript x) conditions because it is possible that such conditions will alter the fate of volatile and semivolatile metal species and the emission of heavy hydrocarbons. Finally the University of Utah is responsible for the development of the improved NO(subscript x) and carbon burnout submodels.
Download or read book Emerging NO subscript X written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of advanced flue-gas-cleanup (FGC) technologies fro the control of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)) emissions continues to be a very active area of research and development, both in this country and abroad. This activity is driven both by legislation (such as the recent revisions to the Clean Air Act) and by the desire to develop technologies that surpass current options in terms of performance, costs, operability, and waste/by-product properties. New issues, such as concern over global climate changes and the health effects of toxic air emissions (''air toxics''), are also helping to shape and prioritize the development programs. This paper provides a status report on a number of integrated FGC systems that have reached a significant stage of development, focusing on post-combustion processes that have been rested or are ready for testing at the pilot scale or larger. While some information that was presented at the 1991 CIBO NO(subscript x) IV Control Conference is repeated for the sake of completeness, we have updated each section to reflect the most recent reported developments. Although a wide variety of technologies is discussed, it should be noted that there are a number of other integrated approaches, such as slagging combustors, fluidized-bed combustion, gasification/combined-cycle systems, and various processes combining low-NO(subscript x) burners with SO2-sorbent injection in the furnace. These other approaches also offer features that should not be overlooked when evaluating alternatives for a specific application.
Download or read book Gozos al glorioso S Mauro M rtir Romano segun se cantan en la capilla del Real Colegio de Corpus Christi de Valencia en donde se venera el cuerpo de dicho Santo patr n del mismo Real Colegio written by and published by . This book was released on 1830 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetics and Mechanisms of NO subscript X Char Reduction Quarterly Technical Progress Report May 1 1995 July 31 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emission of nitrogen oxides from combustion of coal remains a problem of considerable interest, whether the concern is with acid rain, stratospheric ozone chemistry, or {open_quotes}greenhouse{close_quotes} gases. Whereas earlier the concern was focused mainly on NO (as a primary combustion product) and to a lesser extent NO2 (since it is mainly a secondary product of combustion), in recent years the emissions of N2O have also captured considerable attention, particularly in the context of fluidized bed combustion, in which the problem appears to be most acute. The research community has only recently begun to take solid hold on the N2O problem. This is in part because earlier estimates of the importance of N2O in combustion processes were clouded by artifacts in sampling which have now been resolved. This project is concerned with the mechanism of reduction of both NO and N2O by carbons. It was recognized some years ago that NO formed during fluidized bed coal combustion can be heterogeneously reduced in-situ by the carbonaceous solid intermediates of combustion. This has been recently supplemented by the knowledge that heterogeneous reaction with carbon can also play an important role in reducing emissions of N2O, but that the NO-carbon reactions might also contribute to formation of N2O. The precise role of carbon in N2O reduction and formation has yet to be established, since in one case the authors of a recent study were compelled to comment that {open_quotes}the basic knowledge of N2O formation and reduction still has to be improved{close_quotes}. The same can be said of the NO-carbon system. In this program, carbons studied include graphite, resin char, coconut char, and a Wyodak coal char.
Download or read book Computational Modeling and Experimental Studies on NO subscript X Reduction Under Pulverized Coal Combustion Conditions Technical Progress Report Sixth Quarter April 1 June 30 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During this quarter, the experiments for nitric oxide reburning with a combination of methane and acetylene were conducted successfully. With the failure of ozonator lamp in the NOx analyzer shortly thereafter, the experimental study of nitric oxide reburning with a combination of methane and ammonia could not be completed. In the meantime, a coal feeder was designed and a purchase order was sent out for the building of the coal feeder. Presented herein are the experimental results of NO reburning with methane/acetylene. The results are consistent with model predictions.
Download or read book The Advanced Tangentially Fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides NOx Emissions from Coal fired Boilers Demonstration Project written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document serves as a DOE post-project assessment of a project in Round 2 of the Department of Energy's Clean Coal Technology (CCT) Program: ''Advanced Tangentially Fired Combustion Techniques for the Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides (NO(subscript x)) Emissions From Coal-Fired Boilers Demonstration Project''. In September 1990, Southern Company Services entered into an agreement to conduct the study, with Gulf Power Company providing the 180 megawatt electric (MWe) host site and ABB C-E Services Inc. providing the technology to be demonstrated. This project was undertaken to evaluate the nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)) reduction potential of several variations of the Low NO(subscript x) Concentric Firing System (LNCFS{trademark}) when applied to tangentially fired (T-fired) boilers. The project consisted of replacing the existing coal and air nozzles with new nozzles and adding overfire air. Three versions of the LNCFS system were tested: Level 1 consisted of new coal nozzles and close-coupled overfire air; Level 2 used the same burners but separated the overfire air; and Level 3 used both close-coupled and separated overfire air. The performance objectives were as follows: (1) to determine the short-term and long-term NO(subscript x) emissions reduction capabilities and impact on unit performance of the low-NO(subscript x) combustion technologies of LNCFS Levels 1, 2, and 3 when implemented in a stepwise manner on a T-fired boiler operating under normal dispatch conditions, the NO(subscript x) reduction objective was 50%; (2) to compare the performance and cost effectiveness of these technologies; and (3) to determine the relationship between operating parameters (e.g., unit load, percent overfire air) and NO(subscript x) emissions and other unit performance indicators, such as unburned carbon, carbon monoxide (CO) level, and air toxics. All goals were met in the demonstration project, which was conducted at Gulf Power's Plant Lansing Smith Unit No. 2 (rated at 180 MWe, but capable of operation at 200 MWe).
Download or read book Exploring the Fundamentals of Radical Assisted NO subscript X Reduction Processes of Coal Combustors Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes experimental studies performed at Carnegie Mellon University to study the parameters that affect the performance of plasma-assisted ammonia radical injection for NO(subscript x) control from stationary combustion sources. First, the NO(subscript x) reduction potential of hot ammonia injection was studied to determine whether the use of the plasma for radical generation was key to the high NO(subscript x) reduction potential of the plasma deNO(subscript x) process. It was found that while some of the NO(subscript x) reduction in the plasma deNO(subscript x) demonstration experiments could be attributed to the enhanced thermal breakdown of NH3 into NO(subscript x) reducing radicals, the effect of using the plasma accounted for 15--35% absolute additional NO(subscript x) reduction beyond any thermal benefit. This benefit of using the plasma increases with increased excess air and decreased flue gas temperature. With the benefit of using the plasma verified on the larger scale of a demonstration experiment, two additional experiments were performed to study the parameters that affect plasma deNO(subscript x) performance on the local level. The opposed flow experiment failed to produce significant NO(subscript x) reduction, although it did highlight some key aspects of plasma performance with ammonia injection. The reverse injection experiment successfully demonstrated the effects of NO-stream temperature, plasma power, and ammonia flow rate on plasma deNO(subscript x) performance. Finally, a preliminary study of the chemical kinetics of the plasma deNO(subscript x) system was performed. This study highlighted the importance of effective plasma temperature and the residence time of the reagent at that temperature to efficient radical generation.
Download or read book SECOND GENERATION ADVANCED REBURNING FOR HIGH EFFICIENCY NOx CONTROL written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project is designed to develop a family of novel NO(subscript x) control technologies, called Second Generation Advanced Reburning which has the potential to achieve 90+ NO(subscript x) control in coal fired boilers at a significantly lower cost than Selective Catalytic Reduction. The eighth reporting period in Phase II (July 1--September 26, 1999) included combined chemistry-mixing modeling on advanced gas reburning and experimental activities in support of modeling. Modeling efforts focused on description of AR-Lean--combination of basic reburning and co-injection of N-agent with overfire air. Modeling suggests that efficiency of AR-Lean strongly depends on the amount of the reburning fuel, temperature of flue gas at the point of OFA/N-agent injection, and evaporation time of N-agent. The model describes the most important features of AR-Lean and can be used for AR-Lean optimization.
Download or read book The Gas Turbine Handbook written by Tony Giampaolo and published by The Fairmont Press, Inc.. This book was released on 2003 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of a bestseller, this comprehensive reference provides the fundamental information required to understand both the operation and proper application of all types of gas turbines. The completely updated second edition adds a new section on use of inlet cooling for power augmentation and NOx control. It explores the full spectrum of gas turbines hardware, typical application scenarios, and operating parameters, controls, inlet treatments, inspection, trouble-shooting, and more. The author discusses strategies that can help readers avoid problems before they occur and provides tips that enable diagnosis of problems in their early stages and analysis of failures to prevent their recurrence.
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Design written by Gavin Towler and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 1321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors
Download or read book Air Pollution Control Engineering written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-07-02 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A panel of respected air pollution control educators and practicing professionals critically survey the both principles and practices underlying control processes, and illustrate these with a host of detailed design examples for practicing engineers. The authors discuss the performance, potential, and limitations of the major control processes-including fabric filtration, cyclones, electrostatic precipitation, wet and dry scrubbing, and condensation-as a basis for intelligent planning of abatement systems,. Additional chapters critically examine flare processes, thermal oxidation, catalytic oxidation, gas-phase activated carbon adsorption, and gas-phase biofiltration. The contributors detail the Best Available Technologies (BAT) for air pollution control and provide cost data, examples, theoretical explanations, and engineering methods for the design, installation, and operation of air pollution process equipment. Methods of practical design calculation are illustrated by numerous numerical calculations.
Download or read book Control Technologies for Hazardous Air Pollutants written by Michael K. Sink and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems written by Thomas B. Reed and published by Biomass Energy Foundation. This book was released on 1988 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook written by Meherwan P. Boyce and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook has been the standard for engineers involved in the design, selection, and operation of gas turbines. This revision includes new case histories, the latest techniques, and new designs to comply with recently passed legislation. By keeping the book up to date with new, emerging topics, Boyce ensures that this book will remain the standard and most widely used book in this field. The new Third Edition of the Gas Turbine Engineering Hand Book updates the book to cover the new generation of Advanced gas Turbines. It examines the benefit and some of the major problems that have been encountered by these new turbines. The book keeps abreast of the environmental changes and the industries answer to these new regulations. A new chapter on case histories has been added to enable the engineer in the field to keep abreast of problems that are being encountered and the solutions that have resulted in solving them. - Comprehensive treatment of Gas Turbines from Design to Operation and Maintenance. In depth treatment of Compressors with emphasis on surge, rotating stall, and choke; Combustors with emphasis on Dry Low NOx Combustors; and Turbines with emphasis on Metallurgy and new cooling schemes. An excellent introductory book for the student and field engineers - A special maintenance section dealing with the advanced gas turbines, and special diagnostic charts have been provided that will enable the reader to troubleshoot problems he encounters in the field - The third edition consists of many Case Histories of Gas Turbine problems. This should enable the field engineer to avoid some of these same generic problems
Download or read book Engineering and Design written by Us Army Corps Of Engineers and published by Military Bookshop. This book was released on 2002-06-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides practical guidance for the design and operation of soil vapor extraction (SVE) and bioventing (BV) systems. It is intended for use by engineers, geologists, hydrogeologists, and soil scientists, chemists, project managers, and others who possess a technical education and some design experience but only the broadest familiarity with SVE or BV systems.
