Download or read book Advanced B and Al Iota Combustion Kinetics Over Wide Temperature Ranges written by Arthur Fontijn and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current ability to improve the combustion efficiency of B and Al solid propellants and slurries is hampered by a lack of understanding and knowledge of the kinetics of the individual reactions involved and the ways and manner by which temperature affects the rate coefficients and product channels. While the simple Arrhenius-type equation k(T) = AT(to the 1/2 power) exp( -E(A)/RT) has over limited temperature ranges been of great value, when applied to wide temperature ranges it is often not obeyed. Particularly for exothermic and slightly endothermic reactions, order of magnitude errors can be made by extrapolations based on the Arrhenius equation. It is the goal of this program to provide an insight in the kinetic behavior of B and Al radical oxidation reactions as influenced by temperature. To this end measurements are made in high-temperature fast-flow reactors (HTFFR). These unique tools provide measurements on isolated elementary reactions in a heat bath.
Download or read book Advanced B and Al Combustion Kinetics Over Wide Temperature Ranges written by Arthur Fontijn and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help provide a better understanding of the temperature dependence of the kinetics of gas-phase metal oxidation reactions, experimental measurements were made in the 440 to 1830 K temperature regime. The goals of the work reported have been to provide reliable data on, and improved insight into, the kinetic behavior of Aluminum and Boron atom, monohalide and monoxide radical oxidation reactions, as influenced by temperature. The measurements have been made using the HTFFR (high-temperature fast-flow reactor) technique. HTFFRs are unique tools, which provide measurements on isolated elementary reactions in a heat bath. With traditional high-temperature techniques, such as flames and shock tubes, such isolation is usually impossible to achieve; as a result, data on any given reaction depend on the knowledge of other reactions occurring simultaneously, leading to large uncertainties. In the work reported, laser-induced fluorescence LIF has been used to monitor the metallic atom or radical reactant concentrations, as a function of time, concentration of the molecular oxidant (present in excess), temperature and pressure. (AW).
Download or read book Advanced B and Al Combustion Kinetics Studies Over Wide Temperature Ranges written by Arthur Fontijn and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To help provide a better understanding of the temperature dependence of the kinetics of gas-phase metal oxidation reactions, experimental measurements were made in the 450 to 1750 K temperature regime using a high-temperature fast-flow reactor. The relative concentrations of the metallic species were monitored by laser-induced fluorescence. The following rate coefficient expressions were obtained (in cubic cm, per molecule, per second units): Aluminum + Chlorine Aluminum Chlorine + Chlorine, 7.9 X 10 to the minus 10th power exp( -780 K/T); Al + Hydrochlorine Acid Al Cl + Hydrogen, 1.5 X 10( -10) exp ( -800 K/T); AlCl + Cl2 AlCl, 9.6 X 10 to the minus 11th power exp ( -610 K/T); AlCl + Carbon Dioxide Oxy Aluminum Chloride + Co. To allow product identification in the latter and other reactions and make measurements on reactions of larger than diatomic radicals, a second reactor facility, in which the metallic species will be monitored by mass spectrometry, was designed. The construction of this facility nears completion.
Download or read book AGARD Lecture Series written by North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development and published by . This book was released on 199? with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Reports Awareness Circular TRAC written by and published by . This book was released on 1988-05 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elementary Combustion Reaction Kinetics Measurements Over Large Temperature Ranges written by Arthur Fontijn and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proper understanding, prediction and modeling of combustion systems requires reliable knowledge of the reaction mechanisms and rate coefficients of individual elementary reactions as a function of temperature. This review discusses a unique experimental method for providing such data. This HTFFR method has been used over the 300-1700 K range and is suitable for temperatures up to approx. 2000 K. The reaction Al + CO2 + Al0 + CO is discussed in some detail to illustrate the method, which has thus far been applied to reactions of metal atoms and metal monoxides. A summary of the rate coefficient data obtained in HTFFRs is given and prospects for extensions of the technique to other types of combustion reactions are discussed. (Author).
Download or read book Kinetics of Individual Combustion Reactions Over Wide Temperature Ranges For Army Models written by Arthur Fontijn and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The kinetics of reactions important for models of nitrate ester and nitramine propellant combustion, as well as a reaction of a potential halon replacement fire retardant, has been studied. The experiments, on isolated elementary reactions, have been made in a high-temperature reactor to yield rate coefficients k(T) in realistic temperature ranges. All k(T) given are in cu cm/ molecule/sec. The N + CO2 right arrow NO + CO reaction has given an upper limit value of 5x10(exp -16) at 1140 K and lower values at lower temperatures. This suggests that the reverse reaction is unimportant in dark zones. This is the first investigation of an N-atom reaction at high temperatures by a photolytic technique. As a check on the method, the N + O2 right arrow NO + O reaction was studied. It yielded k(400-1220 K) = 2.0x10(exp -18) T2.15 exp( -2557 K/T), which in the region of temperature overlap (
Download or read book Kinetics of Combustion related Processes at High Temperatures written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Again this year, progress is mainly reflected in publications. The following lists titles published, in press, or submitted during late 1990--91. Tunable Laser Flash Absorption, High Temperature Pyrolyses of Acetylene and Diacetylene Behind Reflected Shock Waves, Rate of the Retro-Diels-Alder Dissociation of 1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine Over a Wide Temperature Range, The Reaction of C4H2 and H2 Behind Reflected Shock Waves, Thermal Isomerization of Cyclopropanecarbonitrile, The Homogeneous Pyrolysis of Acetylene II, The Importance Of Hindered Rotations and Other Anharmonic Effects in the Thermal Dissociation of Small Unsaturated Molecules, Dissociation Rates of Propyne and Allene at High Temperatures and the Subsequent Formation of Benzene, and The Formaldehyde Decomposition Chain Mechanism. This report consists of the abstracts, titles, and authors for each of these publications.
Download or read book Low temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by Michael J. Pilling and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Temperature Chemical Kinetics Applications to Combustion Research written by United States. Energy Research and Development Administration and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Principles of Chemical Equilibrium written by Kenneth George Denbigh and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1981-03-26 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample Text
Download or read book Quantities Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry written by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prepared by the IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division this definitive manual, now in its third edition, is designed to improve the exchange of scientific information among the readers in different disciplines and across different nations. This book has been systematically brought up to date and new sections added to reflect the increasing volume of scientific literature and terminology and expressions being used. The Third Edition reflects the experience of the contributors with the previous editions and the comments and feedback have been integrated into this essential resource. This edition has been compiled in machine-readable form and will be available online.
Download or read book Thermal Methods of Analysis written by P.J. Haines and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wide range of applications of thermal methods of analysis in measuring physical properties, studying chemical reactions and determining the thermal behaviour of samples is of interest to academics and to industry. These applications prompted the writing of this book, in the hope that the descriptions, explanations and examples given would be of help to the analyst and would stimulate the investigation of other thermal techniques. Thermal studies are a fascinating means of examining the samples and the problems brought to us by colleagues, students and clients. If time allows, watching crystals change on a hot-stage microscope, or measuring the properties and changes on a DSC or TG or any thermal instrument can be a rewarding activity, besides providing valuable analytical information. This book started from a series of lectures delivered at Kingston University and at meetings of the Thermal Methods Group of the United Kingdom. The collaboration and information supplied to all the contribu tors by colleagues and instrument manufacturers is most gratefully ack nowledged, as are the valuable contributions made at meetings of the International Confederation for Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ICT AC) and at the European Symposia on Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry (ESTAC).
Download or read book Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients written by Raymond C. Rowe and published by Amer Pharmacists Assn. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An internationally acclaimed reference work recognized as one of the most authoritative and comprehensive sources of information on excipients used in pharmaceutical formulation with this new edition providing 340 excipient monographs. Incorporates information on the uses, and chemical and physical properties of excipients systematically collated from a variety of international sources including: pharmacopeias, patents, primary and secondary literature, websites, and manufacturers' data; extensive data provided on the applications, licensing, and safety of excipients; comprehensively cross-referenced and indexed, with many additional excipients described as related substances and an international supplier's directory and detailed information on trade names and specific grades or types of excipients commercially available.
Download or read book ACS Style Guide written by Anne M. Coghill and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the time since the second edition of The ACS Style Guide was published, the rapid growth of electronic communication has dramatically changed the scientific, technical, and medical (STM) publication world. This dynamic mode of dissemination is enabling scientists, engineers, and medicalpractitioners all over the world to obtain and transmit information quickly and easily. An essential constant in this changing environment is the requirement that information remain accurate, clear, unambiguous, and ethically sound.This extensive revision of The ACS Style Guide thoroughly examines electronic tools now available to assist STM writers in preparing manuscripts and communicating with publishers. Valuable updates include discussions of markup languages, citation of electronic sources, online submission ofmanuscripts, and preparation of figures, tables, and structures. In keeping current with the changing environment, this edition also contains references to many resources on the internet.With this wealth of new information, The ACS Style Guide's Third Edition continues its long tradition of providing invaluable insight on ethics in scientific communication, the editorial process, copyright, conventions in chemistry, grammar, punctuation, spelling, and writing style for any STMauthor, reviewer, or editor. The Third Edition is the definitive source for all information needed to write, review, submit, and edit scholarly and scientific manuscripts.
Download or read book Stellarator and Heliotron Devices written by Masahiro Wakatani and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph describes plasma physics for magnetic confinement of high temperature plasmas in nonaxisymmetric toroidal magnetic fields or stellarators. The techniques are aimed at controlling nuclear fusion for continuous energy production. While the focus is on the nonaxisymmetric toroidal field, or heliotron, developed at Kyoto University, the physics applies equally to other stellarators and axisymmetric tokamaks. The author covers all aspects of magnetic confinement, formation of magnetic surfaces, magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium and stability, single charged particle confinement, neoclassical transport and plasma heating. He also reviews recent experiments and the prospects for the next generation of devices.
