Download or read book Adsorption of Phenolics on Activated Carbon impact of Pore Size Distribution written by Qiuli Lu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The impact of narrow pore size distribution (PSD) of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) on the oligomerization of phenolic compounds was conducted in this study. Four types of microporous ACFs with increasing degrees of activation, namely ACC-10 (8.0), ACC-15 (12.8), ACC-20 (17.4) and ACC-25 (19.7), and one granular activated carbon (GAC) F400 (4-800) were used as adsorbents. Seven commonly encountered phenolic pollutants were used as adsorbates - phenol, 2-methylphenol, 2-ethylphenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2-nitrophenol, 4-chlorophenol, and 4-nitrophenol. Single, binary and ternary adsorption of phenolic compounds were conducted under anoxic (absence of molecular oxygen) and oxic (presence of molecular oxygen) conditions. Single solute adsorption of phenolic compounds was found to be well described by Myers equation. For each adsorbate except nitrophenols, higher adsorptive capacities were achieved under oxic than anoxic conditions. The extent of oligomerization which was represented by the difference between the oxic and anoxic adsorptive capacity, were changing in the order of F400> ACC-25> ACC-20> ACC-15> ACC-10. This is in the same order as the decrease of the adsorbent pore diameter. At the same time, F400 showed least adsorption under anoxic conditions among all the adsorbents. The narrow PSD of ACFs was effective in hampering oligomerization in the single solute adsorption. Higher extraction efficiencies were achieved for ACFs than F400. The lower the extent of oligomerization, the higher regeneration efficiency was achieved. On each adsorbent, the extents of adsorbates oligomerization were related to the adsorbates critical oxidation potential (COP), molecular size, and adsorbent pore diameter. Low COP, small molecular size, large pore diameter always favored oligomerization. Binary adsorption for different phenolic compounds was conducted on ACC-10, ACC-15 and F400. No difference between anoxic and oxic binary adsorption isotherms were found on ACC-10. The Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST), using the Myers equation for correlating the single-solute anoxic isotherms, successfully predicted the anoxic and oxic binary adsorption on ACC-10. For binary adsorption on ACC-15 and F400, the oxic adsorption was higher than anoxic ones and IAST well predicted the anoxic isotherms, but under predicted the oxic ones due to occurrence of oligomerization of the adsorbates on the adsorbent surface. The deviation of the experimental adsorption isotherms from predictions for F400 was larger than that of ACC-15. For binary adsorption, the narrow PSD of ACC-15 reduced the oligomerization to some extent while ACC-10 completely hampered oligomerization. For ternary adsorption on ACC-15 and F400, slight oligomerization was found on ACC-15 while obvious oligomerization of phenolic compounds was found on F400 under oxic conditions. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and solid nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were used to investigate the oligomerization of phenolic compounds on activated carbon. FT-IR and solid NMR results confirmed the oligomerization of phenolic compounds on the activated carbon surface under oxic conditions. To make GAC more cost-effective, novel ways to produce GAC - in the ways that ACFs were made - was proposed and tested. Experimental GAC, made from bituminous coal, successfully reduced oligomerization without losing any anoxic adsorptive capacity as compared to F400.
Download or read book Effects of Activated Carbon Characteristics on Organic Contaminant Removal written by Detlef R. U. Knappe and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many water treatment plants need to remove objectionable trace organic compounds, and activated carbon adsorption is often the best available technology. Utilities face the challenge of having to choose from a large variety of activated carbons, and iodine number or BET surface area values are often utilized in the selection process. Although neither parameter correlates well with adsorption capacities, alternative activated carbon selection criteria based on fundamental adsorbent and adsorbate properties are lacking to date. The first objective of this research was to systematically evaluate the effects of activated carbon pore structure and surface chemistry on the adsorption of two common drinking water contaminants: the relatively polar fuel oxygenate methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and the relatively nonpolar solvent trichloroethene (TCE). The second objective was to develop simple descriptors of activated carbon characteristics that facilitate the selection of suitable adsorbents for the removal of organic contaminants from drinking water.Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003 This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Download or read book Effect of Surface Groups on Adsorption of Pollutants written by Robert W. Coughlin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activated Carbon Adsorption written by Mohammed Y. Osman and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation written by Teresa J. Bandosz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-02-27 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Carbon Surfaces in Environmental Remediation provides a comprehensive summary of the environmental applications of activated carbons. In order to understand the removal of contaminants and pollutants on activated carbons, the theoretical bases of adsorption phenomena are discussed. The effects of pore structure and surface chemistry are also addressed from both science and engineering perspectives. Each chapter provides examples of real applications with an emphasis on the role of the carbon surface in adsorption or reactive adsorption. The practical aspects addressed in this book cover the broad spectrum of applications from air and water cleaning and energy storage to warfare gas removal and biomedical applications. This book can serve as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners with an interest in filtration, water treatment, adsorbents and air cleaning, in addition to environmental policies and regulations. Addresses fundamental carbon science and how it relates to applications of carbon surfaces Describes the broad spectrum of activated carbon applications in environmental remediation Serves as a handbook or reference book for graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the field
Download or read book Activated Carbon Surface Chemistry and Adsorption from Solution written by James S. Mattson and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adsorption by Carbons written by Eduardo J. Bottani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption by Carbons covers the most significant aspects of adsorption by carbons, attempting to fill the existing gap between the fields of adsorption and carbonaceous materials. Both basic and applied aspects are presented. The first section of the book introduces physical adsorption and carbonaceous materials, and is followed by a section concerning the fundamentals of adsorption by carbons. This leads to development of a series of theoretical concepts that serve as an introduction to the following section in which adsorption is mainly envisaged as a tool to characterize the porous texture and surface chemistry of carbons. Particular attention is paid to some novel nanocarbons, and the electrochemistry of adsorption by carbons is also addressed. Finally, several important technological applications of gas and liquid adsorption by carbons in areas such as environmental protection and energy storage constitute the last section of the book. - The first book to address the interplay between carbonaceous materials and adsorption - Includes important environmental applications, such as the removal of volatile organic compounds from polluted atmospheres - Covers both gas-solid and liquid-solid adsorption
Download or read book Effect of Porous Structure on Carbon Activation written by Colorado. University. Chemical Engineering Department and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry written by K. S. Birdi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-06-25 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition of the Handbook of Surface and Colloid Chemistry informs you of significant recent developments in the field. It highlights new applications and provides revised insight on surface and colloid chemistry's growing role in industrial innovations. The contributors to each chapter are internationally recognized experts. Several chapter
Download or read book Effect of Pore Size Distribution on Competitive Adsorption of Trace Organic Micropollutants on Activated Carbon in Natural Water written by Costas Pelekani and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Pore Size Distribution in Competitive Adsorption on Activated Carbon written by Costas Pelekani and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tailoring of the Activation Process of Carbonaceous Adsorbents for Improving Their Adsorption Effectiveness written by Liang Yan and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated carbon adsorption is widely used to remove organic matters (both micropollutants and dissolved natural organic matter (DOM)) in water treatment systems. However, economic use and adsorption effectiveness have been major concerns due to not ideal physicochemical characteristics of most current activated carbons. Meanwhile, due to the competitive adsorption effect from DOM, it has been a great challenge to achieve effective micropollutants removal. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop activated carbon with specific selectivity for the removal of DOM and another type for effective removal of micropollutants. This will eventually lead to their application in water treatment facility as a sequence of two adsorber beds in series. Chemical activation of bituminous coal by KOH was applied to develop activated carbons. A total of 24 activated carbons with different porous structure and BET surface area were created under different activation conditions. The effect of the different variables of the activation process on critical carbon parameters was analyzed. In this study, phenolic compounds were selected as model compounds to represent micropollutants. In case of phenolic compounds, the oligomerization phenomenon that occurs in the presence of molecular oxygen, must be controlled by limiting the pore size of activated carbon. Therefore, BC-21 with highest microporosity was selected for phenolic compounds removal. In order to understand the impact of BC-21 on oligomerization of phenolics, single solute, binary solute and ternary solute isotherm adsorption were conducted. Meanwhile, commercial activated carbon F400 was used for comparison. These isotherms were collected under anoxic (absence of molecular oxygen) and oxic (presence of molecular oxygen) conditions. All isotherms demonstrated BC-21 has not only better adsorption capacity but also higher regeneration efficiency. BC-41 with highest mesoporosity was used as carbon precursor for DOM removal. Two novel tailoring methods (outgassing and manganese impregnation) were employed to modify the surface chemical characteristics of BC-41. The developed tailored activated carbons (BC-41-OG -argon outgassed and BC-41-MnN - manganese dioxide impregnated) showed much better DOM adsorption rate and equilibrium capacity than F400 and virgin carbon BC-41. The enhanced DOM removal by BC-41-MnN was attributed to the presence of manganese species on the carbon surface. The higher removal of BC-41-OG was due to the higher surface basicity created during the outgassing treatment. It is very common to have micropollutants such as phenolics in the treatment environment. Therefore, the role of phenolic compounds in determining the adsorption effectiveness of DOM using BC-41-OG and BC-41-MnN was further investigated. The results of the kinetic study indicated phenolic compounds have a significant positive effect on the removal rate of DOM. However, the effect on adsorptive capacity of DOM is highly dependent on the surface chemical characteristics of activated carbon. In addition, DOM with different molecular weight distribution demonstrated different extent of influence from oligomerization. The adsorption performance of BC-41-OG and BC-41-MnN was also examined by conducting small column study. The enhanced selectivity in the removal of DOM rather than phenolics was observed for both novel tailored activated carbon as compared to F400.
Download or read book Adsorption Kinetics of Aqueous Binary Mixtures Containing Phenol RED31 And Or Black5 on Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Tires written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated carbon produced from waste tires (AC-Tires) and commercial activated carbon (AC-COM) which are highly mesoporous and microporous; respectively, were used to investigate their adsorption equilibrium and kinetics towards phenol and Red31 (Black 5). Experimental competitive adsorption kinetics for phenol/Red31 (Black 5) systems consisted of single-solute and binary mixtures, namely, simultaneous adsorption kinetics, phenol adsorption kinetics followed by Red31 and Red31 adsorption kinetics followed by phenol. Adsorption equilibriums of phenol and Red31 (Black 5) adsorbed onto AC-Tires and AC-COM were found to be described well by Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, respectively. The actual transport mechanism inside the activated carbon particles is shown to be Knudsen diffusion and the adsorption rate controlling step is described well by the intraparticle diffusion model. The porous structure and pore size distribution of the activated carbons has significant effect on the adsorption capacity and kinetics towards phenol and Red31 (Black 5).
Download or read book Activated Carbon Adsorption written by Roop Chand Bansal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High surface area, a microporous structure, and a high degree of surface reactivity make activated carbons versatile adsorbents, particularly effective in the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Activated Carbon Adsorption introduces the parameters and mechanisms involved in the activated carbon adsorption
Download or read book Activated Carbon written by Harry Marsh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-07-12 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an expansion in speciality uses of activated carbons including medicine, filtration, and the purification of liquids and gaseous media. Much of current research and information surrounding the nature and use of activated carbon is scattered throughout various literature, which has created the need for an up-to-date comprehensive and integrated review reference. In this book, special attention is paid to porosities in all forms of carbon, and to the modern-day materials which use activated carbons - including fibres, clothes, felts and monoliths. In addition, the use of activated carbon in its granular and powder forms to facilitate usage in liquid and gaseous media is explored. Activated Carbon will make essential reading for Material Scientists, Chemists and Engineers in academia and industry. - Characterization of porosity - The surface chemistry of the carbons - Methods of activation and mechanisms of adsorptio - Computer modelling of structure and porosity within carbons - Modern instrumental analytical methods
Download or read book Recent Advances in Adsorption Processes for Environmental Protection and Security written by José Paulo Mota and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the Workshop was to share knowledge on the latest advances on adsorption processes for environmental security and protection, as well as to disseminate the main results and achievements of recent NATO Science-for-Peace projects on environmental security and protection. This volume provides a comprehensive report on adsorption and colloids phenomena, carbon materials and adsorbents for various industrial applications, ecological safety and antiterrorism.
Download or read book Applied Research on Polymer Composites written by Pooria Pasbakhsh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume presents leading-edge research in the rapidly changing and evolving field of polymer science as well as on chemical processing. The topics in the book reflect the diversity of research advances in the production and application of modern polymeric materials and related areas, focusing on the preparation, characterization, and applic
