Download or read book Adsorbents for Aqueous and Vapor Phase Mercury Separation written by Ajay Makkuni and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book COMBINED THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MECHANISMS AND KINETICS OF VAPOR PHASE MERCURY UPTAKE BY CARBONACEOUS SURFACES written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of this research program is to gain fundamental understanding of the important chemistry and physics involved in mercury adsorption on carbonaceous surfaces. This knowledge will then be used to optimize adsorption processes and operating conditions to maximize the uptake of mercury within the required contact time. An additional long-term benefit of this research is the basic understanding of the Hg adsorption process, which may facilitate the design of new adsorbents for more efficient and cost-effective removal of Hg from a variety of effluent streams. Molecular modeling of the adsorption of Hg on carbonaceous surfaces will greatly increase the insight into the physics of the adsorption process and combined with in situ rate measurements of mercury adsorption and desorption (conventional and pulsed laser) on graphite using linear and nonlinear optical probes with real time optical resolution have the potential to provide fundamental insight into the process of mercury uptake by carbonaceous surfaces. Besides accurate assessment of key parameters influencing adsorption equilibrium, fundamental understanding of the kinetics of mercury adsorption, desorption, and diffusion will be developed in this study. These key physical and chemical processes postulated through molecular modeling efforts and verified by in situ measurements will be utilized to select (or develop) promising sorbents for mercury control, which will be tested under dynamic conditions using simulated flue gas.

Download or read book Advanced Adsorbents for Capture of Vapor phase Mercury and Other Toxic Components from Flue Gas written by Juan He and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During coal combustion, mercury and arsenic are volatized and are present in multiple forms in the gas phase; similarly, the formation of nitrogen oxides in flue gas depends on nitrogen content of the coal and oxygen available to react with nitrogen. New approaches for cost-effective control of mercury and other pollutants are necessary. In this work, a group of room temperature ionic liquid coated nanostructured chelating adsorbents was developed and used for gas-phase mercury and arsenic adsorption; the simultaneous removal of mercury and nitrogen oxide using ceria-modified manganese oxide/titania materials was investigated. Three thermally robust adsorbents, 25 wt% [bmim]Cl coated-MPTS-Si, 25 wt% [bmim]Cl-MPTS-MCF and 25 wt% [bmim]Cl-Ambersep[superscript TM] GT74 were synthesized and demonstrated to be effective adsorbents for simultaneous capture of oxidized and elemental mercury at 160°C. Mercury from vapor phase dissolves in the [bmim]Cl ionic liquid layer;and subsequently bonds to the chelating ligands of MPTS or directly coordinates with the sulfur-containing groups from Ambersep[superscript TM]GT74 resin. In fixed-bed adsorption experiments, the 25 wt% [bmim]Cl-MPTS-Si exhibited the largest mercury (Hg2 and Hg0) capacity in an inert atmosphere. A mathematical model was developed to describe mercury removal based on the experimental data measured at laboratory-scale. To synthesize adsorbents for both mercury and arsenic capture, both [bmim]Cl and an amino acid-based RTIL, [TBP][Tau], were supported on a silica gel with high surface area and accessible mesopores. In both fixed-bed and batch adsorption modes, all of the RTIL-coated silica adsorbents can effectively remove Hg0 and As(III) simultaneously, and exhibited high As(III) capacities. Because of the high solubility of CO2 in the [TBP][Tau] RTIL, the presence of CO2 caused a negative effect on the Hg0 and As(III) adsorption performance of [TBP][Tau]-Si. High surface area ceria-titania materials are used as supports for manganese oxide for both warm-gas mercury capture and low temperature selective catalytic reduction. Remarkably, these materials exhibit high Hg0 adsorption capacities and excellent NO removal performance both in single-component tests and in combined NO and Hg0 removal experiments at 175°C. For the Hg0 adsorption, MnOx/CeO2-TiO2 adsorbents had large Hg0 capacities up to 37 mg g−1. SO2 inhibited Hg0 adsorption on the surface of MnOx, but the CeO2-TiO2 support retained most of its Hg0 capacity in the presence of 100 ppm SO2 The simultaneous capture of Hg0 and Hg2 at 175°C was observed using CeO2-TiO2 support. Both the NO adsorption and co-adsorption of NO + CO can be found over the surface of MnOx/CeO2-TiO2 materials. The results of XPS analysis suggest that the presence of lattice oxygen play important role on the mercury and NO adsorption, with great formation of HgO and nitrate species; in the presence of CO in the feed gas, mercury adsorption doesn't inhibit the SCR activity of NO. In summary, the nanostructured, RTILs coated chelating adsorbents and manganese supported on ceria-titania oxide materials were successfully developed and studied for removal of gas-phase mercury and other toxic components. The experimental results suggest these novel adsorbents could be technically feasible for multi-pollutants control in coal combustion.

Download or read book High Efficiency Mercury Removal Adsorbent for Natural Gas Liquefaction Plant written by Takashi Goto and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is contained in most natural gas. And mercury removal is essential for preventing corrosion of cold boxes made of aluminum. JGC has developed mercury removal technology from liquid hydrocarbon. This is a new application of JGC's technology to gaseous hydrocarbon. New adsorbent MR-3 consists of metal sulfides supported on alumina. From our laboratory test, MR-3 shows a better efficiency for feed gas with C3 - C6 hydrocarbon and water vapor than sulfur-impregnated activated carbon, which is generally used for mercury removal in many LNG plants. The mercury content in the treated gas is reduced to less than 0.001 ug/Nm3. Moreover, mercury adsorption capacity is found to be as much as 10 wt%. MR-3 is expected to show high efficiency of mercury removal and good cost performance for industrial use. [Authors' abstract].

Download or read book Mercury Adsorption on Biosorbents and an Analytical Method to Determine Ionic Mercury Using SP ICPMS written by Nur Shadia and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Researching efficient removal techniques is essential due to the toxicity of heavy metals, even at low concentrations, and their pervasiveness in a variety of environmental settings. According to WHO, Mercury is one of the most dangerous pollutants for human health. It causes severe damage to the ecosystem and other living beings. But because of its favorable physical-chemical properties, it has been widely used in the industrial activities. Unfortunately, several rivers and aquifers are getting contaminated by this hazardous chemical and inevitably putting importance on how to solve this problem. Most importantly a cost effective and environmentally friendly methods are needed to get a sustainable solution to this contamination. In the first phase of this study, mercury treatment from aqueous solution using two bio-sorbents were investigated. Pinecones and pecan shells were chosen as bio-sorbents because of their natural abundance and cost-free availability. To the best of my knowledge, though some of the studies has been performed to remove some heavy metals by utilizing these two agricultural waste materials, none of the previous study investigated this two-potential bio-sorbents for removing mercury from water solutions. In addition, there is a chance that metals and other ions will coexist in the environment, which is a complicated situation where there would be a competition among the ions for active sites on the sorbent surface. This study presents the effective removal of inorganic divalent mercury (Hg2+) at a trace level concentration through adsorption on the grounded pinecones (PC), pecan shells (PS) and chemically, by acid and base, modified pinecones, and pecan shells. To evaluate the surface chemistry and reactivity of the bio-sorbents, and presence of functional groups various analyses were performed, including determining the point of zero charge (pHpzc) and conducting FTIR analysis. Several factors that could influence adsorption efficiency, including pH, adsorbent dosage, ionic strength, contact time and metal concentration were examined. Results indicated that the chemical modification led to changes in mercury removal by the bio-sorbents, possibly attributed to the change in surface area, porosity, and functional groups. The adsorption efficiency for both bio-sorbents increased as modified by acid. For 1 mg/mL of bio-sorbent dose the Hg2+ removal efficiency was found 80% and 90% for PC and PS, respectively, while increased to 92% and 95% for acid modified pinecone (APC) and acid modified pecan shells (APS) at room temperature and optimum pH condition. However, the base activated PC and PS were found to be less effective than the unmodified materials. Furthermore, all of the materials tested found to be following the Freundlich's adsorption isotherm in aqueous solutions. In the second phase of this study, the focus was on developing a method to monitor very low concentration of Hg2+ in the environment. Studies indicate that ionic mercury can be readily converted to organic mercury through methylation, and as organic mercury builds up in the food chain, it is very harmful to human health even at a low level. Thus, to provide appropriate protection, the US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has set the maximum contamination level of mercury in drinking water at 2.0 ppb. As a result, it becomes very crucial to invent a very sensitive and selective approach for monitoring the ultra-low concentration of Hg2+ in the environment. This study aims to create an incredibly sensitive assay for the detection and quantification of Hg2+ using the single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS). The well-known thymine (T)- Hg2+ -T complex forms when AuNPs modified with single-stranded DNA are exposed to Hg2+ and this formation causes AuNPs to aggregate. By determining the overall reduction in the number of identified AuNPs or NP aggregates the degree of aggregation can be quantified. This spICP-MS-based approach has been reported to obtain a substantially lower detection limit of 0.031 part-per-trillion (155 fM) and a larger (10,000-fold) linear range up to 1 ppb when compared to most other Hg assays that use the similar principle of aggregation-dispersion with DNA modified AuNPs. Besides, this approach showed low interference from the sample matrix. Considering the aforementioned advantages, this study focuses on quantifying aqueous Hg2+ using single stranded DNA-gold nanoparticles conjugates with the help of single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS).

Download or read book Use of Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater written by Gordon McKay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-10-25 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use of Adsorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater describes the most commonly occurring industrial effluents, and presents direct means and methodologies for treating them. In addition to its excellent introduction to pollutants, this book contains all of the basics you need for understanding the characteristics and applications of adsorbent materials. With this book, you can choose from a wide variety of traditional and novel adsorbents, including alternative, relatively inexpensive adsorbents.

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Performance of Adsorbents Foe Mercury Vapor Removal written by Khairiraihanna Johari and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Introduction to Industrial Microbiology written by K Sukesh and published by S. Chand Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the Graduate and Post Graduate students of different universities in Microbiology and Biotechnology. This book is immensly helpful to under Graduate and Post Graduate students of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Allied Sciences. The chapters are well conversed with Industrial Aspects in the production of Microbiology Inoculments in the field of Agriculture

Download or read book Air Gas and Water Pollution Control Using Industrial and Agricultural Solid Wastes Adsorbents written by Tushar Kanti Sen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air and water pollution occurs when toxic pollutants of varying kinds (organic, inorganic, radioactive and so on) are directly or indirectly discharged into the environment without adequate treatment to remove these potential pollutants. There are a total of 13 book chapters in three sections contributed by significant number of expert authors around the world, aiming to provide scientific knowledge and up-to-date development of various solid wastes based cost-effective adsorbent materials and its sustainable application in the removal of contaminates/pollutants from air, gas and water. This book is useful for the professions, practicing engineers, scientists, researchers, academics and undergraduate and post-graduate students’ interest on this specific area. Key Features: • Exclusive compilation of information on use of industrial and agricultural waste based adsorbents for air and water pollution abatement. • Explores utilization of industrial solid wastes in adsorptive purification and agricultural and agricultural by-products in separation and purification. • Discusses cost-effective solid wastes based emerging adsorbents. • Alternative adsorbents in the removal of a wide range of contaminants and pollutants from water is proposed. • Includes performance of unit operations in waste effluents treatment.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Nano structured Chelating Adsorbents for the Direct Removal of Mercury Vapor from Flue Gases written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal-Fired utility boilers are currently the largest single-known source of anthropogenic mercury emissions in the United States. In this research, the potential of gas-phase chelating sorbents for the removal of mercury vapor from flue-gases emitted from coal-fired power plants has been investigated. Chelating adsorbents are currently limited to the removal of mercury from liquid phase. The novel gas-phase chelating adsorbents that have been developed in this research uniquely combine a chelating ligand with an ionizing surface nano-layer on a mesoporous substrate. This enables selective, multidentate adsorption of mercury directly from the gas phase. Different chelating ligands including cysteine, dithizone (CPTS-DZ), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS-Silica), and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (APTS-MBT), were immobilized on silica substrates. The synthesis of the adsorbents is described, and detailed characterization data are reported. The theoretical (equilibrium) capacity for mercury removal using these adsorbents is in the range of 17-117 mg Hg/g. Evaluation of the thermal stability of the chelating adsorbents showed that cysteine activated adsorbent is stable at operating temperatures lower than 135°C. The adsorbents with higher operating temperature limits (CPTS-DZ, MPTS-Silica, and APTS-MBT) can operate up to 160°C. Coating of the silica substrate with different ratios of the room-temperature molten salt, methylpolyoxyethylene(15)octadecanammonium chloride (MEC), was performed and the optimum concentration was determined to be 20-30 wt%. The capability of the MEC ionic solvent to absorb mercury vapor and ionize it has also been studied. MEC solvent has high solubility for mercuric chloride (HgCl2), but limited solubility for elemental mercury (Hg0). The capture efficiency of the chelating adsorbents for HgCl2 under simulated flue-gas conditions has been investigated. No breakthrough of the pollutant was observed in extended experiments. Formation of chelate complex between the captured HgCl2 and the chelating ligands was confirmed with Far-FTIR. It is postulated that the Hg2+ capture mechanism is a combination of solubility in the surface coating and chelate formation. Homogeneous, as well as heterogeneous reduction mechanisms of HgCl2 have been investigated. Results showed that SO2 and H2O vapor are the main factors affecting Hg2+ reduction, and that the presence of HCl is critical for maintaining Hg2+ in its oxidized form.

Download or read book Green Adsorbents for Pollutant Removal written by Grégorio Crini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume on adsorption using green adsorbents and is written by international contributors who are the leading experts in the adsorption field. Together with the first volume they show a typical selection of green materials used in wastewater treatment, with emphasis on industrial effluents. This second volume focuses on innovative materials. It presents hemp-based materials for metal removal, and the use of leaves for metal removal. It describes the biosorption of metals and metalloids on various materials and discusses the recent advances in cellulose-based adsorbents used in environmental purposes. Furthermore, activated carbons from food wastes, aerogels and bones, and municipal solid waste biochar as efficient materials for pollutant removal, respectively are reviewed as well as biosorption of dyes onto microbial biosorbents and the use of mushroom biomass to remove pollutants are looked at. The volume also includes detailed review of green adsorbents for removal of antibiotics, pesticides and endocrine disruptors and the use of pillared interlayered clays as innovative materials for pollutant removal. Finally, the use of green adsorbents for radioactive pollutant removal from natural water is discussed. The audience for this book includes students, environmentalists, engineers, water scientists, civil and industrial personnel who wish to specialize in adsorption technology. Academically, this book will be of use to students in chemical and environmental engineering who wish to learn about adsorption and its fundamentals. It has also been compiled for practicing engineers who wish to know about recent developments on adsorbent materials in order to promote further research toward improving and developing newer adsorbents and processes for the efficient removal of pollutants from industrial effluents. It is hoped that the book will serve as a readable and useful presentation not only for undergraduate and postgraduate students but also for the water scientists and engineers and as a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous recent examples and appended information.

Download or read book Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office written by United States. Patent Office and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 1432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mercury Toxicity written by Nitish Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents mercury toxicity with respect to remediation and health issues. It covers sources of mercury contamination, its impact on human health, and prospective remediation by both bioremediation and phytoremediation with the application of recent advanced techniques such as genetic engineering and nanotechnology. Both anthropogenic activities and natural processes cause the release of mercury into different spheres of the environment resulting in severe adverse impacts. Increased anthropogenic discharge of mercury leads to disturbance in its natural biogeochemical cycle, which results in unenviable diseases and hazardous health effects. Mercury pollution is responsible for causing neurobehavioral, kidney, heart, gastrointestinal, liver, and other diseases. Many published works about the impact of mercury on health are also available worldwide; however, there is no complete understanding available on toxicological studies of mercury that covers the broader spectrum of findings ranging from sources of exposure to mercury toxicity to its remediation strategies. This book brings together a diverse group of environmental science, sustainability, and health researchers to address the challenges posed by global mass poisoning caused by mercury contamination. The book also proposes solutions to contamination through multi-disciplinary approaches. The book contains three sections. The first part describes the different sources and distribution of mercury in soil and plant ecosystems. The second part explains the health risks linked to mercury toxicity. The third part addresses sustainable mercury toxicity mitigation strategies and the potential applications of recent technology in providing solutions. This book is a valuable resource to students, academics, researchers, and environmental professionals working in the field of mercury contamination.

Download or read book Green Adsorbents written by George Z. Kyzas and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption technology is a promising avenue for wastewater treatment. Numerous adsorbent materials are presently synthesized. Green or environmental friendly adsorbents are derived from plants and agricultural crop sources, giving them a very low production cost when compared to synthetic polymers. This monograph explains the basic principles of green adsorption technology, their production processes and strategies to remove different categories of environmental pollutants (dyes, heavy metals and phenols/pesticides). The book explains details in terms of features such as adsorption capacity, physico-chemical kinetics and reuse potential. A summary of the economics and future prospect for green adsorption technology is also given. This text is a handy reference for environmental chemistry students, researchers and policy makers.

Download or read book Adsorption Technology in Water Treatment written by Eckhard Worch and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adsorption processes have played a central role in water treatment for many years but their importance is on the rise with the continuous discoveries of new micropollutants in the water cycle (pharmaceuticals for example). In addition to the classical application in drinking water treatment, other application fields are attracting increasing interest, such as wastewater treatment, groundwater remediation, treatment of landfill leachate, and so on. Based on the author's long-term experience in adsorption research, the scientific monograph treats the theoretical fundamentals of adsorption technology for water treatment from a practical perspective. It presents all the basics needed for experimental adsorption studies as well as for process modelling and adsorber design. Topics discussed in the monograph include: introduction into basic concepts and practical applications of adsorption processes; adsorbents and their characterisation, single and multi-solute adsorption equilibria, adsorption kinetics, adsorption dynamics in fixed-bed adsorbers and fixed-bed adsorber design, regeneration and reactivation of adsorbents, introduction into geosorption processes in bank filtration and groundwater recharge. According to the increasing importance of micropollutants in the water cycle, particular attention is paid to their competitive adsorption in presence of background organic matter. Clear illustrations, extensive literature references and a useful index make this work indispensible for both scientists and technicians involved in water treatment.

Download or read book Removal of Mercury Compounds by Adsorption on Cu Zn Adsorbents in Liquid Phase written by Noraphol Sookkho and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Green Adsorbents for Pollutant Removal written by Grégorio Crini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume on adsorption using green adsorbents and is written by international contributors who are the leading experts in the adsorption field. The first volume provides an overview of fundamentals and design of adsorption processes. For people who are new to the field, the book starts by two overview chapters presenting the principles and properties of wastewater treatment and adsorption processes. The book also provides a comprehensive source of knowledge on acid-base properties of biosorbents. It discusses fractal-like kinetic models for fluid-solid adsorption, reports on the chemical characterization of oxidized activated carbons for metal removal, and the use of magnetic biosorbents in water treatment. Furthermore, the thermodynamic properties of metals adsorption by green adsorbents, and biosorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and organic pollutants are reviewed, and finally the recent trends and impact of nanomaterials as green adsorbent and potential catalysts for environmental applications are summarized. The audience for this book includes students, environmentalists, engineers, water scientists, civil and industrial personnel who wish to specialize in adsorption technology. Academically, this book will be of use to students in chemical and environmental engineering who wish to learn about adsorption and its fundamentals. It has also been compiled for practicing engineers who wish to know about recent developments on adsorbent materials in order to promote further research toward improving and developing newer adsorbents and processes for the efficient removal of pollutants from industrial effluents. It is hoped that the book will serve as a readable and useful presentation not only for undergraduate and postgraduate students but also for the water scientists and engineers and as a convenient reference handbook in the form of numerous recent examples and appended information.