Download or read book Adaption of Simulated Annealing to Chemical Optimization Problems written by J.H. Kalivas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-08-01 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optimization problems occurring regularly in chemistry, vary from selecting the best wavelength design for optimal spectroscopic concentration predictions to geometry optimization of atomic clusters and protein folding. Numerous optimization tactics have been explored to solve these problems. While most optimizers maintain the ability to locate global optima for simple problems, few are robust against local optima convergence with regard to difficult or large scale optimization problems. Simulated annealing (SA) has shown a great tolerance to local optima convergence and is often called a global optimizer. The optimizaton algorithm has found wide use in numerous areas such as engineering, computer science, communication, image recognition, operation research, physics, and biology. Recently, SA and variations thereof have shown considerable success in solving numerous chemical optimization problems. The main thrust of this book is to demonstrate the use of SA in a wide range of chemical problems.The potentiality of SA, GSA and other modifications of SA to serve specific needs in a variety of chemical disciplines are covered. A detailed discussion on SA and GSA is given in Chapter 1, presenting the theoretical framework from which a computer program can be written by the reader. The remainder of the book describes applications of SA type algorithms to a diverse set of chemical problems. The final chapter contains an algorithm for GSA written in the MatLab programming environment. This program can be easily adapted to any optimization problem and with only slight modifications, can be altered to perform SA. A general flowchart is also given.

Download or read book Multiple Approaches to Intelligent Systems written by Ibrahim F. Imam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-05-19 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We never create anything, We discover and reproduce. The Twelfth International Conference on Industrial and Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems has a distinguished theme. It is concerned with bridging the gap between the academic and the industrial worlds of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Expert Systems. The academic world is mainly concerned with discovering new algorithms, approaches, and methodologies; however, the industrial world is mainly driven by profits, and concerned with producing new products or solving customers’ problems. Ten years ago, the artificial intelligence research gap between academia and industry was very broad. Recently, this gap has been narrowed by the emergence of new fields and new joint research strategies in academia. Among the new fields which contributed to the academic-industrial convergence are knowledge representation, machine learning, searching, reasoning, distributed AI, neural networks, data mining, intelligent agents, robotics, pattern recognition, vision, applications of expert systems, and others. It is worth noting that the end results of research in these fields are usually products rather than empirical analyses and theoretical proofs. Applications of such technologies have found great success in many domains including fraud detection, internet service, banking, credit risk and assessment, telecommunication, etc. Progress in these areas has encouraged the leading corporations to institute research funding programs for academic institutes. Others have their own research laboratories, some of which produce state of the art research.

Download or read book Wavelets in Chemistry written by Beata Walczak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-05-10 with total page 571 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wavelets seem to be the most efficient tool in signal denoising and compression. They can be used in an unlimited number of applications in all fields of chemistry where the instrumental signals are the source of information about the studied chemical systems or phenomena, and in all cases where these signals have to be archived. The quality of the instrumental signals determines the quality of answer to the basic analytical questions: how many components are in the studied systems, what are these components like and what are their concentrations? Efficient compression of the signal sets can drastically speed up further processing such as data visualization, modelling (calibration and pattern recognition) and library search. Exploration of the possible applications of wavelets in analytical chemistry has just started and this book will significantly speed up the process. The first part, concentrating on theoretical aspects, is written in a tutorial-like manner, with simple numerical examples. For the reader's convenience, all basic terms are explained in detail and all unique properties of wavelets are pinpointed and compared with the other types of basis function. The second part presents applications of wavelets from many branches of chemistry which will stimulate chemists to further exploration of this exciting subject.

Download or read book Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering II written by Frerich Keil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-05-19 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of modern methods in numerical mathematics on problems in chemical engineering is essential for designing, analyzing and running chemical processes and even entire plants. Scientific Computing in Chemical Engineering II gives the state of the art from the point of view of numerical mathematicians as well as that of engineers. The present volume as part of a two-volume edition covers topics such as computer-aided process design, combustion and flame, image processing, optimization, control, and neural networks. The volume is aimed at scientists, practitioners and graduate students in chemical engineering, industrial engineering and numerical mathematics.

Download or read book Conceptual Perspectives in Quantum Chemistry written by Jean-Louis Calais and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full Ecclesiastes What is quantum chemistry? The straightforward answer is that it is what quan tum chemists do. But it must be admitted, that in contrast to physicists and chemists, "quantum chemists" seem to be a rather ill-defined category of scientists. Quantum chemists are more or less physicists (basically theoreticians), more or less chemists, and by large, computationists. But first and foremost, we, quantum chemists; are conscious beings. We may safely guess that quantum chemistry was one of the first areas in the natural sciences to lie on the boundaries of many disciplines. We may certainly claim that quantum chemists were the first to use computers for really large scale calculations. The scope of the problems which quantum chemistry wishes to answer and which, by its unique nature, only quantum chemistry can answer is growing daily. Retrospectively we may guess that many of those problems meet a daily need, or are say, technical in some sense. The rest are fundamental or conceptual. The daily life of most quantum chemists is usually filled with grasping the more or less technical problems. But it is at least as important to devote some time to the other kind of problems whose solution will open up new perspectives for both quantum chemistry itself and for the natural sciences in general.

Download or read book Practical Guide To Chemometrics written by Paul Gemperline and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-04-16 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The limited coverage of data analysis and statistics offered in most undergraduate and graduate analytical chemistry courses is usually focused on practical aspects of univariate methods. Drawing in real-world examples, Practical Guide to Chemometrics, Second Edition offers an accessible introduction to application-oriented multivariate meth

Download or read book Robustness of Analytical Chemical Methods and Pharmaceutical Technological Products written by M.M.W.B. Hendriks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In analytical chemistry and pharmaceutical technology attention is increasingly focussed on improving the quality of methods and products. This book aims at fostering the awareness of the potential of existing mathematical and statistical methods to improve this quality. It provides procedures and ideas on how to make a product or a method less sensitive to small variations in influencing factors. Major issues covered are robustness and stability improvement and ruggedness testing. General strategies and a theoretical introduction to these methods are described, and thorough overviews of methods used in both application areas and descriptions of practical applications are given.Features of this book:• Gives a good overview of mathematical and statistical methods used in two application areas, i.e. pharmaceutical technology and analytical chemistry• Illustrates the different approaches available to attain robustness• Gives ideas on how to use methods in practical situations.The book is intended for those who develop and optimize, and are responsible for the overall quality of, analytical methods and pharmaceutical technological products and procedures.

Download or read book Practical Data Analysis in Chemistry written by Marcel Maeder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-08-10 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of modern instruments are computerised and provide incredible amounts of data. Methods that take advantage of the flood of data are now available; importantly they do not emulate 'graph paper analyses' on the computer. Modern computational methods are able to give us insights into data, but analysis or data fitting in chemistry requires the quantitative understanding of chemical processes. The results of this analysis allows the modelling and prediction of processes under new conditions, therefore saving on extensive experimentation. Practical Data Analysis in Chemistry exemplifies every aspect of theory applicable to data analysis using a short program in a Matlab or Excel spreadsheet, enabling the reader to study the programs, play with them and observe what happens. Suitable data are generated for each example in short routines, this ensuring a clear understanding of the data structure. Chapter 2 includes a brief introduction to matrix algebra and its implementation in Matlab and Excel while Chapter 3 covers the theory required for the modelling of chemical processes. This is followed by an introduction to linear and non-linear least-squares fitting, each demonstrated with typical applications. Finally Chapter 5 comprises a collection of several methods for model-free data analyses.* Includes a solid introduction to the simulation of equilibrium processes and the simulation of complex kinetic processes.* Provides examples of routines that are easily adapted to the processes investigated by the reader* 'Model-based' analysis (linear and non-linear regression) and 'model-free' analysis are covered

Download or read book Design and Optimization in Organic Synthesis written by Rolf Carlson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-04-08 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Revised, and updated Design and Optimization in Organic Synthesis presents strategies to explore experimental conditions and methodologies for systematic studies of entire reaction systems (substrates, reagent(s), catalyst(s), and solvents). Chemical phenomena are not usually the result of a single factor and this book describes how statistically designed methods can be used to analyse and evaluate synthetic procedures. The methodology is based on multivariate statistical techniques. The accompanying CD contains data tables and programmes. This book is essential reading for anyone working in process design and development in fine chemicals or the pharmaceutical industry, and is suitable for those with no experience in the field.* Contains recalculated models and redrawn figures, as well as new chapters on for example, the design of combinatorial libraries * Presents strategies to explore experimental conditions and methodologies* Enables the analysis and prediction of the best synthetic procedures

Download or read book Computer Modeling in Inorganic Crystallography written by C.Richard A. Catlow and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-02-03 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computer simulation techniques are now having a major impact on almost all areas of the physical and biological sciences. This book concentrates on the application of these methods to inorganic materials, including topical and industrially relevant systems including zeolites and high Tc superconductors. The central theme of the book is the use of modern simulation techniques as a structural tool in solid state science. Computer Modelling in Inorganic Crystallography describes the current range of techniques used in modeling crystal structures, and strong emphasis is given to the use of modeling in predicting new crystal structures and refining partially known structures. It also reviews new opportunities being opened up by electronic structure calculation and explains the ways in which these techniques are illuminating our knowledge of bonding in solids. - Includes a thorough review of the technical basis of relevant contemporary methodologies including minimization, Monte-Carlo, molecular dynamics, simulated annealing methods, and electronic structure methods - Highlights applications to amorphous and crystalline solids - Surveys simulations of surface and defect properties of solids - Discusses applications to molecular and inorganic solids

Download or read book Chemometrics written by Matthias Otto and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this long-selling introductory textbook and ready reference covers all pertinent topics, from basic statistics via modeling and databases right up to the latest regulatory issues. The experienced and internationally recognized author, Matthias Otto, introduces the statistical-mathematical evaluation of chemical measurements, especially analytical ones, going on to provide a modern approach to signal processing, designing and optimizing experiments, pattern recognition and classification, as well as modeling simple and nonlinear relationships. Analytical databases are equally covered as are applications of multiway analysis, artificial intelligence, fuzzy theory, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. The new edition has 10% new content to cover such recent developments as orthogonal signal correction and new data exchange formats, tree based classification and regression, independent component analysis, ensemble methods and neuro-fuzzy systems. It still retains, however, the proven features from previous editions: worked examples, questions and problems, additional information and brief explanations in the margin.

Download or read book Spectroscopy and Modeling of Biomolecular Building Blocks written by Jean-Pierre Schermann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy and Modeling of Biomolecular Building Blocks presents an overview of recent advances in the intertwining of the following research fields: photon and electron spectroscopy, quantum chemistry, modelling and mass-spectrometry. The coupling of these disciplines offers a new point of view to the understanding of isolated elementary building blocks of biomolecules and their assemblies. It allows the unambiguous separation between intrinsic properties of biomolecular systems and those induced by the presence of their environment. The first chapters provide background in modelling (I), frequency-resolved spectroscopy using microwave, infrared and UV photons, time-resolved spectroscopy in the femtosecond domain and energy-resolved electron spectroscopy (II) and production of gas-phase neutral and ionic biomolecular species, mass-spectrometry, ion mobility and BIRD techniques (III). Chapter IV is devoted to case studies of gas-phase experimental investigations coupled to quantum or classical calculations. The topics are structural studies of nucleobases and oligonucleotides, peptides and proteins, sugars; neuromolecules; non-covalent complexes; chiral systems, interactions of low-energy electrons with biomolecules in the radiation chemistry context and very large gas-phase biomolecular systems. The fifth chapter concerns the link between gas-phase and liquid-phase. Different treatments of solvation are illustrated through examples pointing out the influence of progressive addition of water molecules upon properties of nucleobases, peptides, sugars and neuromolecules. - Offer a new perspective to the understanding of isolated elementary building blocks of bio molecules - Includes case studies of experimental investigations coupled to quantum or classical calculations

Download or read book Handbook of Molecular Descriptors written by Roberto Todeschini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative studies on structure-activity and structure-property relationships are powerful tools in directed drug research. In recent years, various strategies have been developed to characterize and classify structural patterns by means of molecular descriptors. It has become possible not only to assess diversities or similarities of structure databases, but molecular descriptors also facilitate the identification of potential bioactive molecules from the rapidly increasing number of compound libraries. They even allow for a controlled de-novo design of new lead structures. This is the most comprehensive collection of molecular descriptors and presents a detailed review from the origins of this research field up to present day. This practically oriented reference book gives a thorough overview of the different molecular descriptors representations and their corresponding molecular descriptors. All descriptors are listed with their definition, symbols and labels, formulas, some numerical examples, data and molecular graphs, while numerous figures and tables aid comprehension of the definitions. Cross-references throughout, a list of acronyms and notations allow easy access to the information needed to solve a specific research problem. Examples of descriptor calculations along with tables of descriptor values for a set of selected reference compounds and an up-to-date reference list add to the practical value of the book, making it an invaluable guide for all those dealing with bioactive molecules as well as for researchers.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-08-21 with total page 3421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: ABC of Bioinformatics, Three Volume Set combines elements of computer science, information technology, mathematics, statistics and biotechnology, providing the methodology and in silico solutions to mine biological data and processes. The book covers Theory, Topics and Applications, with a special focus on Integrative –omics and Systems Biology. The theoretical, methodological underpinnings of BCB, including phylogeny are covered, as are more current areas of focus, such as translational bioinformatics, cheminformatics, and environmental informatics. Finally, Applications provide guidance for commonly asked questions. This major reference work spans basic and cutting-edge methodologies authored by leaders in the field, providing an invaluable resource for students, scientists, professionals in research institutes, and a broad swath of researchers in biotechnology and the biomedical and pharmaceutical industries. Brings together information from computer science, information technology, mathematics, statistics and biotechnology Written and reviewed by leading experts in the field, providing a unique and authoritative resource Focuses on the main theoretical and methodological concepts before expanding on specific topics and applications Includes interactive images, multimedia tools and crosslinking to further resources and databases

Download or read book Molecular Descriptors for Chemoinformatics written by Roberto Todeschini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-30 with total page 1257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number-one reference on the topic now contains a wealth of new data: The entire relevant literature over the past six years has been painstakingly surveyed, resulting in hundreds of new descriptors being added to the list, and some 3,000 new references in the bibliography section. Volume 1 contains an alphabetical listing of more than 3300 descriptors and related terms for chemoinformatic analysis of chemical compound properties, while the second volume lists over 6,000 references selected from 450 journals. To make the data even more accessible, the introductory section has been completely re-written and now contains several "walk-through" reading lists of selected keywords for novice users.

Download or read book Chemoinformatics written by Johann Gasteiger and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first work to be devoted entirely to this increasingly important field, the "Textbook" provides both an in-depth and comprehensive overview of this exciting new area. Edited by Johann Gasteiger and Thomas Engel, the book provides an introduction to the representation of molecular structures and reactions, data types and databases/data sources, search methods, methods for data analysis as well as such applications as structure elucidation, reaction simulation, synthesis planning and drug design. A "hands-on" approach with step-by-step tutorials and detailed descriptions of software tools and Internet resources allows easy access for newcomers, advanced users and lecturers alike. For a more detailed presentation, users are referred to the "Handbook of Chemoinformatics", which will be published separately. Johann Gasteiger is the recipient of the 1991 Gmelin-Beilstein Medal of the German Chemical Society for Achievements in Computer Chemistry, and the Herman Skolnik Award of the Division of Chemical Information of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in 1997. Thomas Engel joined the research group headed by Johann Gasteiger at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg and is a specialist in chemoinformatics.

Download or read book Chemometrics written by S.N. Deming and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1988-02-01 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most chemists, whether they are biochemists, organic, analytical, pharmaceutical or clinical chemists and many pharmacists and biologists need to perform chemical analysis. Consequently, they are not only confronted with carrying out the actual analysis, but also with problems such as method selection, experimental design, optimization, calibration, data acquisition and handling, and statistics in order to obtain maximum relevant chemical information. In other words: they are confronted with chemometrics. This book on chemometrics, written by some of the leaders in the field, aims to provide a thorough, up-to-date introduction to this subject. The reader is given the opportunity to acquaint himself with the tools used in this discipline and the way in which they are applied. Some practical examples are given and the reader is shown how to select the appropriate tools in a given situation.As such the book provides the means to approach and solve analytical problems strategically and systematically, without the need for the reader to become a fully-fledged chemometrician. The authors' aim was to write a tutorial book which would be useful to readers at every level in this field.