Download or read book Acute and Maternal Effects of a High Fat Diet written by Emily Rose Trunnell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is one of the leading drivers of healthcare costs associated with preventable chronic disease. On average, U.S. adults gain on average 0.4 to 1 kg per year and it is likely that much of this annual weight gain is an additive result of short-term dietary excess. A significant factor driving short-term weight gain is overconsumption of foods high in fat. Even prior to weight gain, high dietary fat consumption can induce metabolic and physiological changes that are predictive of future weight gain and disease. Animal models used to study the effects of dietary manipulations have paid particular attention to the impact of diet on the brain; however the impact of acute fat intake on the brain has been less well studied. The following chapters provide a rationale for studying the impact of high fat diet on the hippocampus, a brain structure important for learning and memory, and supply novel evidence that acute high fat diet consumption alters hippocampal gene transcription as well as behavior in rats. Finally, we show that exposure to a high fat diet prior to weaning impacts the hippocampal gene expression in mouse offspring in a sex- and time-specific manner.

Download or read book The Role of Maternal High Fat Feeding on the Developmental Programming of Adulthood Disease written by Sarah Henry and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now well understood that the maternal environment encountered as a fetus can profoundly influence an individual's risk of developing a myriad of diseases in later life. In particular, maternal nutritional challenges can have significant developmental impacts to the fetus and this concept is generally referred to as the Developmental Programming of Adulthood Health and Disease. As many developed nations, including Australia, shift to states of nutritional excess, research focusing on adverse maternal conditions such as obesity, diabetes and high fat feeding is becoming critically relevant. Whilst numerous studies have begun to characterise the role of maternal obesity on offspring health, there is almost no understanding of how consumption of a maternal high fat diet, that does not cause frank obesity, might contribute to the programming of offspring health. Maternal obesity is not an isolated condition, and confounding factors such as altered hormonal profiles and gestational diabetes can make it difficult to delineate what factors are driving the varied developmental changes observed in offspring.While the longer term impacts of maternal high fat feeding on adult offspring is relatively well understood, there is limited information on the impact of high fat intake on the in utero environment, including the amniotic fluid and placenta. Furthermore, greater characterisation of the fetal phenotype is needed following maternal high fat feeding. In particular, limited information is available on the role of maternal fat intake and renal development. Finally, although several studies have assessed the role of maternal fat intake on aspects of postnatal vascular and cardiovascular function, adult renal function has not been fully assessed, despite strong evidence that disrupted renal development may increase the risk of developing disease in later life. AIMS & OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the impact of high maternal dietary saturated fat intake on fetal and postnatal development, including identifying the in utero adaptations to amniotic fluid lipid composition, fetal (including kidney) and placental growth and function. Long-term aims included investigation of the postnatal phenotype of offspring born to fat fed mothers, with particular focus on evaluating the long-term effects on renal, cardiovascular and sympathetic function.We hypothesised that maternal high fat feeding would modify placental transport of nutrients, resulting in a hyperlipidaemic fetal amniotic environment. As a result, fetal growth trajectory and organ development, specifically the kidneys, would be disrupted. Furthermore, we postulated that exposure to maternal high fat feeding would result in augmented blood pressure and renal dysfunction in offspring in later life and that increased sympathetic nerve activity may be responsible for these disruptions in physiological function. METHODS Investigations were carried out using Sprague-Dawley rats. For embryonic studies, female breeders were fed either a control (C; 7% canola oil) or a lard rich high fat (HF) (3% canola oil and 20% lard) diet for 3 weeks prior to mating and throughout pregnancy until embryonic day (E) 14.25, E17.25 or E20. At collection, embryos and placentas were weighed. Amniotic fluid and maternal plasma lipid profiles were determined using a lipidomics approach facilitated by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS). Renal development was examined via culturing of embryonic kidneys and quantification of branching morphogenesis. In addition, gene expression of placental transporters and fetal liver substrates involved in lipid metabolism were determined using qPCR.For postnatal studies, female Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either C or HF diet for 3 weeks prior to mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation. From weaning, offspring were chow fed ad libitum. Physiological experiments were undertaken at 6 and 12 months of age. Renal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), effective renal plasma (eRPF) and blood flow (eRBF) were estimated in anaesthetized rats by 3H-inulin and 14C-para-aminohippurate clearance. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were determined in conscious animals using radiotelemetry. At 1 year of age, whole body noradrenaline spillover was estimated in anaesthetized rats. 3H-noradrenaline was infused and whole body noradrenaline spillover was calculated. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was then infused to determine changes in sympathetic arousal in response to acute hypotension. In addition, renal noradrenaline content was determined during development (E20) and in postnatal animals at 21 days and 1 year as a proxy measure of sympathetic nerve development and long-term sympathetic nerve activity respectively. RESULTS & DISCUSSION Maternal high fat feeding resulted in hyperlipidaemia, and this was reflected in amniotic fluid lipid content, with significant increases in amniotic fluid triglyceride concentrations in late gestation. In contrast to our hypothesis, fetal renal development did not differ between C and HF exposed embryos, however minor changes were observed in placental growth and transporter expression. These placental modifications do not fully explain the significant increases in amniotic fluid lipid content in late gestation. Further investigation indicated that increased fetal hepatic lipogenic gene expression was not a mechanism involved with increased triglyceride concentration in amniotic fluid.To further characterise our phenotype, development of offspring was followed into the postnatal period. We found that maternal high fat feeding was associated with significantly increased blood pressure in both male and female offspring at 12 months. In addition, sexually dimorphic renal dysfunction was evident in offspring of fat fed dams at 12 months of age. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies to analyse renal function in a model of maternal high fat feeding, using gold standard techniques. Again, in contrast to our hypothesis, investigation into sympathetic nervous system revealed there was no difference in sympathetic activity between experimental groups, and that this was not a mechanism contributing to the renal and cardiovascular dysfunction in offspring exposed to in utero HF conditions. As such, it appears that other factors are driving the physiological dysfunction in this model. We hypothesise that vascular function may be impaired in HF exposed offspring and that this may be the major mechanisms driving the observed renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. CONCLUSION The findings from this thesis clearly demonstrate that even modest increases in saturated fat intake can alter the in utero environment, and the consequences of these early life modifications are seen in postnatal life, with significant renal and cardiovascular dysfunction. Importantly, this model of high fat feeding is not dissimilar to what many women are consuming during pregnancy - that is, the consumption of high saturated fats without apparent obesity. From an obstetrics perspective, it is clear that there is more to the picture than factors such as maternal obesity, and that dietary levels of saturated fatty acids should also be monitored. Whilst it appears that maternal obesity leads to a more severe phenotype in models of programming, high saturated fat intake during pregnancy cannot be ignored, and increased intake of this fatty acid has long term detrimental effects on the fetus.As we move to an increasing burden of chronic diseases, such as kidney and cardiovascular disease, it is vitally important to understand the impact of the early life environment on health and disease in later life. Furthermore, an understanding of the mechanism contributing to perturbed tissue and organ development may aid early intervention and as such disease prevention in later life. Controlling saturated fat intake during pregnancy may be a small but significant step in reducing the risk of developing adulthood diseases in later life.Finally, from a clinical perspective, the dietary model used in this project is not dissimilar to what many pregnant women in developed nations would be consuming. It highlights an important concept that women who consume a high fat diet during pregnancy, but do not develop obesity, are still placing the developing fetus at risk. Furthermore, it highlights that early intervention may be clinically important in potentially reducing the prevalence of adult chronic diseases.

Download or read book Running Head Bpa and High Fat Diet on Maternal and Offspring Behavior Perinatal Bpa Exposure with Maternal High Fat Diet Effects on Maternal Care and Offspring Social Recognition Memory written by Stephanie M. Boas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Maternal High Fat Diet Consumption on Offspring Letpin Signaling and Brain Development written by Sophie Corinne Trombetta and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Maternal High Fat Diet and Caffeine Exposure on Maternal and Offspring Health written by Vivian Ying Szeto and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal malnutrition and resulting metabolic state is detrimental to offspring survival and increases offspring disease risk. Despite prevalence of maternal obesity and caffeine use during pregnancy, the effects on fetal outcomes are unclear. In this study, mice were fed with 60% high fat diet and/or 0.3g/L caffeine in water for 5 weeks prior to mating and through gestation and lactation. Caffeine effectively reduced high-fat diet induced weight gain however resulted in detrimental effects on offspring survival. Neurodevelopment and anxiety-like behaviours were altered in offspring born from obese dams using caffeine and this was correlated with reduction in maternal-pup interaction. These results highlight the differential effects of maternal caffeine on offspring health which are nutritional status dependent and may be mediated by changes in maternal care.

Download or read book Effects of Maternal High Fat Diet and Pharmacological Intervention on the Developmental Origins of Metabolic Cardiovascular Disease written by Maqsood Manzoor Elahi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Maternal High Fat Diet and Pharmacological Intervention on the Developmental Origins of Metabolic Cardiovascular Disease written by Maqsood M. Elahi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Maternal High fat Consumption on Offspring Exercise Performance Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Obesity Susceptibility written by Juliane Kasch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is thought to be the consequence of an unhealthy nutrition and a lack of physical activity. Although the resulting metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can usually be improved by physical activity, some obese patients fail to enhance skeletal muscle metabolic health with exercise training. Since this might be largely heritable, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is hypothesized to impair offspring skeletal muscle physiology. Objectives: This PhD thesis aims to investigate the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption on offspring skeletal muscle physiology and exercise performance. We could show that maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation decreases the offspring's training efficiency and endurance performance by influencing the epigenetic profile of their skeletal muscle and altering the adaptation to an acute exercise bout, which in long-term, increases offspring obesity susceptibility. Experimental setup: To investigate ...

Download or read book Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease written by Todd Leff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-03-19 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely and most comprehensive reference available on the topic covers all the different aspects vital in the fight against the global obesity epidemic. Following a look at adipose tissue development and morphology, the authors go on to examine its metabolic and endocrine functions and its role in disease. The final section deals with comparative and evolutionary aspects of the tissue. The result is an essential resource for cell and molecular biologists, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.

Download or read book Examining the Effect of Maternal High fat Diet Consumption on the Physiology and Pancreas Development of Fetal and Juvenile Nonhuman Primate Offspring written by Sarah Michelle Comstock and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Impact of Maternal High fat Consumption on Offspring Exercise Performance Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism and Obesity Susceptibility written by Juliane Kasch and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is thought to be the consequence of an unhealthy nutrition and a lack of physical activity. Although the resulting metabolic alterations such as impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity can usually be improved by physical activity, some obese patients fail to enhance skeletal muscle metabolic health with exercise training. Since this might be largely heritable, maternal nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is hypothesized to impair offspring skeletal muscle physiology. Objectives: This PhD thesis aims to investigate the consequences of maternal high-fat diet (mHFD) consumption on offspring skeletal muscle physiology and exercise performance. We could show that maternal high-fat diet during gestation and lactation decreases the offspring's training efficiency and endurance performance by influencing the epigenetic profile of their skeletal muscle and altering the adaptation to an acute exercise bout, which in long-term, increases offspring obesity susceptibility. Experimental setup: To investigate ...

Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se

Download or read book Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding written by Peter D. Gluckman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explaining the practical implications of new discoveries in 'life-course biology', Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is an informed resource on factors that affect offspring development. The impact of parental lifestyle and behavioural choices influence not only fetal development and birth outcomes, but also postnatal development, yet guidance on appropriate diet, behaviour, and exposures during pregnancy is often confusing and contradictory. With accessible explanations of the latest scientific research, and clear summaries and recommendations, this book is a valuable and authoritative guide for all levels of health care providers. The authors provide an overview of the background evidence, highlighting the importance of lifestyle choices prior to and during pregnancy. In-depth discussions of nutritional and lifestyle factors that impact on pregnancy and offspring outcomes are based on the latest research and exploration of key scientific studies. Nutrition and Lifestyle for Pregnancy and Breastfeeding is a manual offering both scientific and clinical evidence to empower health care providers and ensure they have the information necessary to confidently care for prospective and new parents.

Download or read book Effect of High fat Diet induced Obesity on Maternal Mouse Behaviour Prepartum and Postpartum written by Showall Moazzam and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Obesity is prevalent in women of childbearing age. Approximately 18.5 to 38.5% of women in North America are considered to be obese at the time they become pregnant. Obesity in pregnancy increases the risk of developing maternal mental behavioural disorders, which include anxiety and depression. These disorders may be influenced by changes in lactogen levels and signalling during pregnancy and at time of delivery. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one possible biomarker of mental health problems. Low serum BDNF levels during pregnancy are associated with depression during the peripartum period. Here, a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of obesity was used to study the relationship between HFD and maternal behaviour outcome. It was hypothesized that HFD-induced obesity in pregnancy increases risk of impaired maternal behaviour, an anxiety-like phenotype, compromised working memory and anhedonia that is associated with a reduction in total brain BDNF levels in CD-1 mice prepartum and postpartum. It was further hypothesized that increasing placental lactogen availability will reduce risk of impaired maternal behaviour. Approach: Four-week old wild-type CD-1[WT] and CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice, which contain a transgene that includes genes coding for human placental lactogen, were fed a HFD (fat=60 kcal%; carbohydrate=20 kcal%; protein=20 kcal%) or regular chow diet (RCD; fat=14 kcal%; carbohydrate=60 kcal%; protein=26 kcal%) throughout the study. Mice were bred after five weeks on the diet. Maternal behaviour was assessed in all mice by testing nest building prepartum, followed by nursing and pup-retrieval behaviour postpartum. Anxiety-like behaviour was assessed prepartum and postpartum via an elevated-plus maze (EPM) test. Working memory was assessed using a novel object recognition (NOR) test postpartum. Anhedonia was assessed pre-weaning and post-weaning in the postpartum period using a sucrose preference test. BDNF RNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and total brain protein levels via BDNF-specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and, through collaboration, by protein immunoblotting. Results: HFD-induced obesity impaired nest building and pup-retrieval behaviour in CD-1[WT] mice but had no significant negative effect on these behaviours in CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice. HFD- induced obesity impaired postpartum anxiety-like behaviour, working memory, and was associated with anhedonia in dams pre-weaning in the CD-1[WT] mice. Conversely, HFD-induced obesity did not impair anxiety-like behaviour and working memory in CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice. An increase in brain BDNF levels in non-pregnant and pregnant CD-1[WT] mice on HFD was observed in the postpartum period. However, in the CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice, higher BDNF levels were seen prepartum in non-pregnant and pregnant mice on a RCD, but only in the pregnant mice postpartum. Conclusions: A negative effect of HFD-induced obesity on maternal behaviour, postpartum anxiety, working memory and anhedonia was observed in CD-1[WT] but not CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice. Furthermore, the negative effects observed on maternal behaviour in CD-1[WT] mice, and specifically pup retrieval, is associated with increased total brain BDNF levels in the postpartum period. This increase was not seen in the CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice where pup-retrieval was unaffected by HFD. This raises the possibility that the lack of response in the CD-1[171hGH/CS] mice to the negative effects induced by HFD in the in the CD-1[WT] mice might be mitigated by a direct or indirect effect of the products of the transgene, including on brain BDNF levels.

Download or read book Maternal Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation written by Michael E. Symonds and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the aim to improve clinicians' understanding of the important effects nutrition can have on maternal health and fetal and neonatal development, Maternal-Fetal Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation defines the nutritional requirements with regard to the stage of development and growth, placing scientific developments into clinical context.

Download or read book Nutrition During Pregnancy and Lactation written by Leanne M. Redman and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Download or read book Influence of Maternal High Fat Diet Stress and Cocaine on Neural Mechanisms of Reward and Anxiety in Rat Offspring written by Aya Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maternal obesity has important health consequences for the mother and her offspring. Experiments presented in this dissertation explored the role of maternal overnutrition with a high fat diet (HFD) on several aspects of offspring phenotype: reward- and stress-related behaviours, the endocrine stress response, and associated neural gene expression. First, I examined maternal HFD effects on offspring phenotype in stress-related brain regions. Maternal HFD was associated with altered expression of stress-related genes, a heightened endocrine stress response and increased anxiety behaviour in adult offspring. Genes central to stress and drug addiction (TH and CRF) were upregulated in HFD offspring, suggesting that maternal HFD alters neural systems underlying related processes. Second, I investigated the role of maternal HFD on offspring phenotype following chronic cocaine exposure. Maternal HFD increased anxiety in saline-treated control females, reduced anxiety in cocaine-treated females, but did not interact with cocaine-primed locomotor activity or neural gene expression. These findings suggest that maternal HFD modulates offspring anxiety behavior with chronic cocaine exposure. Third, I investigated the role of maternal HFD and maternal stress on offspring phenotype given acute cocaine exposure. Maternal HFD did not interact with cocaine at the level of behavior or gene expression. However, there was an increase in locomotor activity in males exposed to maternal HFD, and with maternal stress at a high dose of cocaine. These findings suggest that, overall, maternal HFD and stress increase cocaine-induced locomotor activity in offspring through common but not identical neural mechanisms. Finally, in parallel I investigated the role of pre-gestational cocaine on offspring phenotype, and demonstrated an effect on the locomotor activating effects of cocaine in adult male offspring, as well as dopamine receptor 1 expression in the medial prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest increased sensitivity to cocaine in the male offspring of mothers given pre-gestational cocaine. The collective findings are discussed within a framework of maternal influences on cocaine sensitivity in offspring, wherein maternal HFD and pre-gestational cocaine confer increased sensitivity of stress- and reward-related responses in offspring.