Download or read book ACUTE AND CHRONIC RESPONSES TO EXERCISE WITH BLOOD FLOW RESTRICTION written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) allows healthy, clinical, and athletic populations to improve their strength and exercise capacity. The main advantages exercise with BFR has over traditional training are: 1) increases in muscle size, strength, and exercise capacity are elicited at low training loads, 2) these adaptations occur faster with blood flow restriction, 3) increases in muscle size and strength can be stimulated during both resistance and aerobic exercise. Currently, there are no standardized guidelines for exercise with BFR. I used a variety of experimental techniques including ultrasound, near-infrared spectroscopy, expired air analysis, electrical stimulation, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry to investigate how cuff pressure and as well as the type of exercise alter acute and chronic responses to exercise with BFR. I was the first to report changes in blood flow during resistance exercise with BFR, and before and after aerobic exercise with BFR. Additionally, I am the first to directly report differences in muscle size, strength, and exercise capacity following aerobic or resistance training with BFR. Overall, I found that the relative reduction in blood flow measured prior to exercise is maintained during exercise. Additionally, I found that moderate cuff pressures of ~60% of limb occlusion pressure increase metabolic stress without completely occluding blood flow, and therefore is an adequate pressure for both aerobic and resistance exercise with BFR. Finally, I found that aerobic exercise with BFR may be more favorable than resistance exercise because it results in similar increases in muscle size and strength, but at a lower ratings of perceived effort and pain. Taken together, these studies will enable researchers, clinicians, and coaches to more effectively prescribe exercise with BFR to improve muscle size, strength and exercise capacity.
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Download or read book Blood Flow Restriction Rehabilitation to Performance written by Stephen D. Patterson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-16 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essentials of Sports Nutrition and Supplements written by Jose Antonio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-11 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive textbook for the undergraduate course in sports nutrition. Focusing on exercise physiology, this text is to be used in a certification course sponsored by the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN).
Download or read book The Biology of Exercise written by Michael J. Joyner and published by Perspectives Cshl. This book was released on 2017 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.
Download or read book Characterization of Muscle Blood Flow and Cardiovascular Response During Traditional Resistance Or Low Load Blood Flow Restricted Resistance Exercise written by Meghan E. Everett and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Download or read book Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.
Download or read book Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition written by Manfred Lamprecht and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
Download or read book Arteriogenesis written by Wolfgang Schaper and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizes the research activities of Germany’s Nauheim Institute of the Max Planck Society and its group of investigators both past and present, in the field of collateral artery growth. Incorporates a multidisciplinary in vivo approach to the study of arteriogenesis that includes molecular approaches with classical physiology and immunohistochemistry. Full color throughout and well illustrated.
Download or read book Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology written by Denise L. Smith and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2011 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Cardiovascular Exercise Physiology details the effect of acute and chronic exercise training on each component of the cardiovascular system and how those components adapt to and benefit from a systematic program of exercise training.
Download or read book Progress in Brain Research written by J. P. Schadé and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Acute Effects of Aerobic Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction Cuffs on Arterial Compliance in Males and Females written by Maria M. Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Blood Flow Restriction Techniques During Aerobic Exercise in Healthy Adults written by Trent E. Cayot and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the importance of aerobic exercise in disease prevention and maintenance of a healthy lifestyle has been extensively demonstrated [1-4], it was recently reported by the American Heart Association (AHA) that approximately 30% of the adult population within the United States does not engage in regular aerobic exercise [2]. The most commonly reported reason why adults did not engage in regular exercise was due to a "lack of time" within their daily routine [5, 6]. In order to best integrate exercise into a time constrained schedule many have turned to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) due to the advantageous training outcomes reported in a relatively short duration (2-4 week) [7, 8]. In addition, the exercise volume is significantly reduced (~80-90%) during HIIT sessions compared to traditional "continuous" cardiovascular exercise sessions [8, 9] thus decreasing the time spent exercising [8]. However, the exercise intensities used during HIIT sessions ("all-out effort" [9, 10] or near maximal intensities [11, 12]) may become a deterrent or may not be appropriate for certain populations. An exercise technique known as blood flow restriction (BFR) exercise may be an acceptable alternative approach for these populations as it utilizes low exercise intensities. BFR exercise has been shown to concurrently increase muscle hypertrophy [13, 14], muscle strength [13] and peak oxygen uptake (VO2pk) [14, 15] subsequent to low-intensity (i.e., walking, cycling) cardiovascular training programs. The combination of BFR (i.e., decreased exercise intensity) and interval training (i.e., decreased exercise volume) is both intriguing and a unique alternative solution that could potentially be applicable to a variety of populations. This alternative exercise approach (i.e., BFR interval training) addresses many commonly cited barriers for exercise retention (i.e., time constrained schedules, high exercise intensities). Therefore, the primary purpose of this dissertation was to determine the results of a short duration (2 weeks) BFR low-intensity interval training (BFR-LIIT) program on aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle strength (chapter 5). However, before the primary purpose could be investigated many secondary aims needed to be examined, including i) determining the effect of occlusion duration on the microvascular oxygenation and neuromuscular activation during exercise (chapter 3) and ii) determining the acute physiological responses (oxygen uptake, microvascular oxygenation, neuromuscular activation) to BFR used in cardiovascular exercise models (constant load, chapter 4; interval, chapter 5). The effects of occlusion duration were examined as healthy subjects performed isometric knee extension contractions at different sub-maximal intensities under control (CON, no occlusion), immediate occlusion (IO) and pre occlusion (PO) conditions. During the IO condition the occlusion pressure (130% of the resting systolic blood pressure, 130% SBP) was applied immediately prior to exercise while the occlusion pressure (130% SBP) was applied five minutes prior to exercise in the PO condition. Varying the occlusion duration did not affect the neuromuscular activation of the exercising musculature (p > 0.05), although activation did significantly increase with increasing sub-maximal exercise intensities. However, PO elicited greater microvascular deoxygenation (deoxy-[Hb+Mb]), as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy) compared to CON at all exercise intensities (p 0.05), whereas the deoxy-[Hb+Mb] was only greater during PO compared to IO at the lowest exercise intensity tested (20% maximal voluntary contraction, MVC). Furthermore, IO resulted in greater deoxy-[Hb+Mb] compared to CON only at low exercise intensities (20% MVC, 40% MVC). In conclusion, although occlusion duration did significantly affect neuromuscular activation, BFR techniques influenced microvascular oxygenation the most during low-intensity exercise. Many investigations have observed an increased neuromuscular activation with BFR resistance exercise [16-19], however, the peripheral responses (i.e., neuromuscular activation, microvascular oxygenation) to BFR cardiovascular exercise (i.e., cycling) has yet to be determined. Therefore, healthy subjects performed bouts of heavy (above estimated lactate threshold, LT) constant cycling exercise with and without BFR. No difference in oxygen uptake (VO2) was observed (p > 0.05) despite a greater deoxy-[Hb+Mb] response during the beginning and end of BFR exercise compared to control (CON) exercise (p
Download or read book Nutritional Needs in Cold and High Altitude Environments written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-05-15 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.
Download or read book The Physiology of Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury written by J. Andrew Taylor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every year, around the world, between 250,000 and 500,000 people suffer a spinal cord injury (SCI). Those with an SCI are two to five times more likely to die prematurely than people without a spinal cord injury, with worse survival rates in low- and middle-income countries. Dynamic aerobic requires integrated physiologic responses across the musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, autonomic, pulmonary, thermoregulatory, and immunologic systems. Moreover, regular aerobic exercise beneficially impacts these same systems, reducing the risk for a range of diseases and maladies. This book will present comprehensive information on the unique physiologic effects of SCI and the potential role of exercise in treating and mitigating these effects. In addition, it will incorporate work from scientists across a number of disciplines and have contributors at multiple levels of investigation and across physiologic systems. Furthermore, SCI can be considered an accelerated form of aging due to the severely restricted physical inactivity imposed, usually at an early age. Therefore, the information presented may have a broader importance to the physiology of aging as it relates to inactivity. Lastly, the need for certain levels of regular aerobic exercise to engender adaptations beneficial to health is not altered by the burden of an SCI. Indeed, the amounts of exercise necessary may be even greater than the able-bodied due to ‘passive’ ambulation. This book will also address the potential health benefits for those with an SCI that can be realized if a sufficient exercise stimulus is provided.
