Download or read book Activity Diversity and Community Structure of Aerobic Methane Oxidizing and Carbon Dioxide Producing Bacteria in Soils from the Canadian High Arctic written by Christine Martineau and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Diversity Community Structure and Novel Strains of Methane oxidizing Bacteria from Landfill Cover Soil written by Mark Gordon Wise and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methane and Methanol Utilizers written by J. Colin Murrell and published by Springer. This book was released on 1992-04-30 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methane and its oxidation product, methanol, have occupied an important position in the chemical industry for many years: the former as a feedstock, the latter as a primary chemical from which many products are produced. More recently, the role played by methane as a potent "greenhouse" gas has aroused considerable attention from environmentalists and clima tologists alike. This role for C compounds has, of course, been quite 1 incidental to the myriad of microorganisms on this planet that have adapted their life-styles to take advantage of these readily available am bient sources. Methane, a renewable energy source that will always be with us, is actually a difficult molecule to activate; so any microorganism that can effect this may point the way to catalytic chemists looking for con trollable methane oxidation. Methanol, formed as a breakdown product of plant material, is also ubiquitous and has also encouraged the growth of prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike. In an attempt to give a balanced view of how microorganisms have been able to exploit these simple carbon sources, we have asked a number ofleading scientists (modesty forbids our own inclusion here) to contribute chapters on their specialist areas of the subject.
Download or read book Microbial Responses to Environmental Changes written by Jürg B. Logue and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in next generation sequencing technologies, omics, and bioinformatics are revealing a tremendous and unsuspected diversity of microbes, both at a compositional and functional level. Moreover, the expansion of ecological concepts into microbial ecology has greatly advanced our comprehension of the role microbes play in the functioning of ecosystems across a wide range of biomes. Super-imposed on this new information about microbes, their functions and how they are organized, environmental gradients are changing rapidly, largely driven by direct and indirect human activities. In the context of global change, understanding the mechanisms that shape microbial communities is pivotal to predict microbial responses to novel selective forces and their implications at the local as well as global scale. One of the main features of microbial communities is their ability to react to changes in the environment. Thus, many studies have reported changes in the performance and composition of communities along environmental gradients. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses remain unclear. It is assumed that the response of microbes to changes in the environment is mediated by a complex combination of shifts in the physiological properties, single-cell activities, or composition of communities: it may occur by means of physiological adjustments of the taxa present in a community or selecting towards more tolerant/better adapted phylotypes. Knowing whether certain factors trigger one, many, or all mechanisms would greatly increase confidence in predictions of future microbial composition and processes. This Research Topic brings together studies that applied the latest molecular techniques for studying microbial composition and functioning and integrated ecological, biogeochemical and/or modeling approaches to provide a comprehensive and mechanistic perspective of the responses of micro-organisms to environmental changes. This Research Topic presents new findings on environmental parameters influencing microbial communities, the type and magnitude of response and differences in the response among microbial groups, and which collectively deepen our current understanding and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of microbial structural and functional responses to environmental changes and gradients in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The body of work has, furthermore, identified many challenges and questions that yet remain to be addressed and new perspectives to follow up on.
Download or read book Microbial Communities of Polar and Alpine Soils written by Laura Zucconi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Sinks written by Dave Reay and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first comprehensive handbook of the earth's sinks for greenhouse gases, leading researchers from around the world provide an expert synthesis of current understanding and uncertainties. It will be a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners in conservation, ecology and environmental studies.
Download or read book Climate Change Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-28 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, a new report by a committee of the National Research Council, characterizes the global warming trend over the last 100 years, and examines what may be in store for the 21st century and the extent to which warming may be attributable to human activity.
Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.
Download or read book Peatland Microbial Community Structure and Function Along a Metal Contamination Gradient in Sudbury Ontario written by Shanay Williams-Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sudbury, Ontario region has had over a century of metal mining/smelter activity that has led to significant sulphur and metal deposition and this has negatively affected both freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems, including peatlands. Peatlands store organic materials, regulate nutrient turnover and act as a carbon sink for global climate change, yet relatively little is known in regards to the impact of the mining legacy of this region and the potential microbial communities affected. Eleven peatland sites (poor to intermediate fens) around Sudbury were chosen in order to study the microbial diversity and function that control decomposition and nutrient cycling. The analysis of microbial communities was accomplished via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes in bacteria and archaea on the Illumina MiSeq platform, while the analysis of microbial function was conducted through the Sinsabaugh enzyme protocol and gas chromatography of in situ greenhouse gases. There was a difference across the site gradient with microbial diversity, community structure, and microbially mediated gas efflux differing between areas closest to current and historical smelters to areas 55-km away. There was also a difference within each peatland where vertical profiles in microbial enzyme function varied over four depths, with the surface depth having the highest enzyme activity. Metal impact and pH are major drivers of microbial diversity and community with pH driving metal availability. This is seen where the sites with the lowest pH having the lowest microbial diversity and unique communities, and sites with the highest pH having the highest microbial diversity and distinct communities. We can also deduce that microbial function differs over depth because of the difference between the aerobic and the anaerobic communities, where the aerobic communities appear to be more active. We can reason that methane efflux was higher in impacted sites because of the increased concentrations of Nickel, Copper, pH and possibly Sulphur creating restrains on microbially mediated gas effluxes through the inhibition of methane production.
Download or read book Methane Biocatalysis Paving the Way to Sustainability written by Marina G. Kalyuzhnaya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth insights into the most recent developments in different areas of microbial methane and methanol utilization, including novel fundamental discoveries in genomics and physiology, innovative strategies for metabolic engineering and new synthetic approaches for generation of feedstocks, chemicals and fuels from methane, and finally economics and the implementation of industrial biocatalysis using methane consuming bacteria. Methane, as natural gas or biogas, penetrates every area of human activity, from households to large industries and is often promoted as the cleanest fuel. However, one should not forget that this bundle of energy, carbon, and hydrogen comes with an exceptionally large environmental footprint. To meet goals of long-term sustainability and human well-being, all areas of energy, chemicals, agriculture, waste-management industries must go beyond short-term economic considerations and target both large and small methane emissions. The search for new environment-friendly approaches for methane capture and valorization is an ongoing journey. While it is not yet apparent which innovation might represent the best solution, it is evident that methane biocatalysis is one of the most promising paths. Microbes are gatekeepers of fugitive methane in Nature. Methane-consuming microbes are typically small in number but exceptionally big in their impact on the natural carbon cycle. They control and often completely eliminate methane emission from a variety of biological and geothermal sources. The tremendous potential of these microbial systems, is only now being implemented in human-made systems. The book addresses professors, researchers and graduate students from both academia and industry working in microbial biotechnology, molecular biology and chemical engineering.
Download or read book Biogenesis of Hydrocarbons written by Alfons J. M. Stams and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book covers the microbiological, environmental and biotechnological aspects of alkane production. Alkanes are important energy-rich compounds on earth. Microbial synthesis of methane and other alkanes is an essential part of the geochemical cycling of carbon and offers perspectives for our biobased economy. This book discusses different aspects of current knowledge of microbial alkane production. Chapters with state of the art information are written by renowned scientists in the field. The chapters are organised into four themed parts:1. Biochemistry of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons2. Taxonomy, Ecophysiology and Genomics of Biogenesis - Hydrocarbons3. Biogenic Communities: Members, Functional Roles4. Global Consequences of Methane Production
Download or read book The Impact of an Active Soil Microbial Community on Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Arctic Cryosols written by Ianina Altshuler and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anthropogenic climate change is thought to have a disproportionately larger impact on polar regions, resulting in permafrost thaw and microorganism mediated greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Permafrost soils contain between 25-50 % of the total soil organic carbon pool and as permafrost thaws, this carbon will become accessible to microbial degradation. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) are the most important GHGs and their flux from permafrost affected soils contributes to a positive feedback loop of climatic warming. However, our understanding of how microorganisms contribute to the biogeochemical cycling and flux of these gases in Arctic soils remains limited. Topography of the Arctic landscape has a significant impact on GHG emissions as evidenced by the flux at the ice-wedge polygon (IWP) terrain. The wetter tough soils exhibited higher emissions of CO2 and N2O, but lower uptake of CH4, compared to the drier polygon interior soils. The elevated CO2 and N2O fluxes, and the lower CH4 uptake from troughs is concerning from a climate warming perspective since parts of the Arctic are predicted to become warmer and wetter. Topography also affected the composition of the overall microbial community, with the trough soils having a higher proportion of Betaproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Bacterioidetes but a lower proportion of Acidobacteria compared to polygon interior soils. The community of nitrogen fixers, methanotrophs, and denitrifiers was also affected by the topography with all three groups showing unique structures. Overall, members of the nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria included Rhizobiaceae, Nostocaceae, Cyanothecaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Burkholderiaceae, Chloroflexaceae, Azotobacteraceae, and Ectothiorhodospiraceae. Moreover, these organisms appear to be active in the soils, as metatranscriptomic RNA analysis was also able to detect these microbial clades. The active methanotrophs in these soils are likely part of the USC[alpha] cluster of currently uncultured high-affinity methanotrophs, as evidenced by stable isotope probing (SIP) of soils exhibiting CH4 uptake. SIP analysis coupled with metagenome binning lead to the identification of several intermediate-high quality MAGs (metagenome assemble genomes). One Alphaproteobacterial MAG was identified that contained many of the methane cycling genes including a soluble methane monooxygenase (mmoX) and genes involved in the serine cycle for assimilating formaldehyde characteristic of type II methanotrophs. This MAG also contained genes for ammonia assimilation, biopolymer production, and mercury detoxification. In addition to identifying non-culturable members of the community through metagenome binning, sequencing of culturable isolates reveal presence of carbon cycling genes involved in fermentation, CO2 fixation, denitrification, polysaccharide and aromatic compound metabolism. Suggesting that the microbial community at the IWP terrain is poised to degrade the thawing carbon stores in permafrost. In addition to topography affecting the microbial community structure, key microbial members across the IWP terrain also appear to have positive and negative impacts on other microbial species. This was determined by developing a novel hybrid network analysis to determine species interactions within of the microbial community. Overall, members of Proteobacteria, Candidatus Rokubacteria, and Actinobacteria phyla tended to have a positive impact, while members of Verrucomicrobia and Acidobacteria had a negative impact on other microbials members. These results indicate that both environmental abiotic parameters and biotic interactions impact the microbial community structure and possibly GHG fluxes from soils. " --
Download or read book Microbial Respiration written by Walter P. Hempfling and published by Hutchinson Ross Publishing Company. This book was released on 1979 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Community Composition and Activities Across Northern Peatlands written by Michael David Preston and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Psychrophiles From Biodiversity to Biotechnology written by Rosa Margesin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cold adaptation includes a complex range of structural and functional adaptations at the level of all cellular constituents, and these adaptations render cold-adapted organisms particularly useful for biotechnological applications. This book presents the most recent knowledge of (i) boundary conditions for microbial life in the cold, (ii) microbial diversity in various cold ecosystems, (iii) molecular cold adaptation mechanisms and (iv) the resulting biotechnological perspectives.
Download or read book Assessing Anaerobic Activity in Perennial Subzero Hypersaline Spring of the High Arctic written by Guillaume Lamarche-Gagnon and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Lost Hammer (LH) spring in the Canadian high Arctic perennially discharges subzero (-5°C) hypersaline (24% salt) brines through thick layers of permafrost (> 500 m), and so far accounts for the only described terrestrial methane seep in frozen settings on Earth. The present thesis aimed to ascertain that actively metabolising, indigenous, microbial communities do populate the sediments of the LH spring outlet despite the extreme conditions in situ. Incubation experiments with LH sediments could not confirm that microbial consortia undergo anaerobic methane metabolism but revealed that the reduction of sulphur compounds (SR) with hydrogen, most likely hydrogenotrophic sulphate reduction, was potentially carried out by some cryophilic populations under combined hypersaline and subzero (down to -20°C) conditions. Unusual H2S releases from LH sediments were also detected at high temperatures (80°C); the biogenicity of these releases could however not be confirmed and could alternatively reflect abiotic processes. Pyrosequencing analyses of both 16S rRNA (i.e. cDNA) and 16S rRNA genes (i.e. DNA) on 30 cm layers of LH sediments retrieved in April 2012 and July 2012 indicated fairly stable bacterial and archaeal communities at the phylum level, but a greater bacterial diversity at the species level (> 97% sequence similarities). The composition of the LH communities however differed significantly from previous surveys of the site, either reflecting site's heterogeneity and/or differences in sequencing coverage. Potentially active bacterial and archaeal communities were respectively dominated by clades related to the T78 Chloroflexi group and Halobacteria species, as indicated by 16S rRNA results; no sequence related to ANME-1 archaea were detected unlike in previous investigations of the site. The present study indicated that SR, hydrogenotrophy (possibly coupled to autotrophy), and hydrocarbon degradation (other than methane), most likely account for important metabolic processes carried out by LH microbial communities. Overall, the obtained findings provided additional evidence that the LH system host active communities of anaerobic, halophilic, and cryophilic microorganisms despite the extreme conditions in situ. " --
Download or read book Methods in Gut Microbial Ecology for Ruminants written by Harinder P.S. Makkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asaresultofvarioushumanactivities,suchasincreaseinhumanpopulation,decrease in arable land due to soil degradation, urbanization, industrialization and associated increase in the demand for livestock products, dramatic changes are occurring in the global ruminant livestock sector. These changes includeshift inthesize of regional livestock populations and in the types of management and feeding systems under which ruminant livestock are held, and increased demand of a wider range of quality attributes from animal agriculture, not just of the products themselves but also of the methods used in their production. The livestock sector will need to respond to newchallengesofincreasinglivestockproductivitywhileprotectingenvironmentand human health and conservingbiodiversity and natural resources. The micro-organisms in the digestive tracts of ruminant livestock have a profound in?uence on the conversion offeedinto end products, which can impact on the- imal and theenvironment. As the livestock sector grows particularly in developing countries, there will be an increasing need to understand these processes for b- ter management and use ofbothfeed and other natural resources that underpinthe development of sustainable feeding systems.
