Download or read book Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidases written by Immacolata Castellano and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidases (γ-GTs) are members of the N-terminal nucleophile hydrolase superfamily, enzymes that cleave the γ-glutamyl amide bond of glutathione to liberate cysteinylglycine. The released γ-glutamyl group can be transferred to water (hydrolysis) or to amino acids or short peptides (transpeptidation). γ-GT plays a key role in the gamma glutamyl cycle by regulating the cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione, hence it is a critical enzyme in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.γ-GT is upregulated during inflammation and in several human tumors, and it is involved in many physiological disorders related to oxidative stress, such as Parkinson’s disease and diabetes. Furthermore, this enzyme is used as a marker of liver disease and cancer. This book covers current knowledge about the structure-function relationship of γ-GTs and gives information about applications of γ-GTs in different fields ranging from clinical biochemistry to biotechnology and biomedicine.​

Download or read book Functions of Glutathione in Liver and Kidney written by H. Sies and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The serene phrase, Lest I forget thee, glutathione ... , coined by the Kosowers (1) to describe the state in the 1960's, must be replaced now by something like "Inevitable GSH" in order to characterize the current situation. The surge in interest on the ubiquitous tripeptide has been ama­ zing, with publications on GSH running at rates as high as one per day, so that it seemed appropriate to convene international experts for a discussion of recent develop­ ments this year. Unlike the two previous meetings in this decade held in Tlibingen in 1973 (2) and in santa Ynez in 1975 (3), the scope was restricted to Functions of Gluta­ thione in Liver and Kidney. Only in this way did an in-depth discussion of the current state of knowledge in a limit­ ed topic appear possible. The last couple of years have seen a fascinating pro­ ductivity in the fields of (a) Regulation of the Glutathione Level in the Liver, (b) Role of y-Glutamyltransferase in Gluta­ thione Turnover with emphasis on the renal enzyme, and a critical appraisal of the y-Glutamyl Cycle, (c) Hyd:roperox­ ide and Disulfide Metaholism, enriched by the discovery of the nonseleniurn-dependent glutathione peroxidase activ­ ity and its relation to the glutathione-S-transferases, and the participation of the 2GSH/GSSG system in redox transitions in intact organ, cells and isolated mito­ chondria, and (d) a multitude of Pharmacological and Toxi­ cological Aspects related to glutathione, mainly centered on the events leading to liver damage and the protective

Download or read book Handbook of Milk Composition written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1995-10-23 with total page 947 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This informative treatise offers a concise collection of existing, expert data summarizing the composition of milk. The Handbook of Milk Composition summarizes current information on all aspects of human and bovine milk, including: sampling, storage, composition, as well as specific chapters on major and minor components such as protein, carbohydrates, lipids, electrolytes, minerals, vitamins and hormones. The book also features comprehensive coverage of compartmentation, host-defense components, factors affecting composition, composition of commercial formulas, and contaminants.* Reliable data on the composition of human and bovine milks.* Discusses the many factors affecting composition.* Composition tables make up 25-30% of the total book.* Problems concerning sampling and analysis are described.* Should appeal equally to industry and academia.* Also of interest to developing countries in need of information on infant nutrition and agricultural development

Download or read book Bacterial Cell Wall written by J.-M. Ghuysen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1994-02-09 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the bacterial cell wall emerged as a new field of research in the early 1950s, and has flourished in a multitude of directions. This excellent book provides an integrated collection of contributions forming a fundamental reference for researchers and of general use to teachers, advanced students in the life sciences, and all scientists in bacterial cell wall research. Chapters include topics such as: Peptidoglycan, an essential constituent of bacterial endospores; Teichoic and teichuronic acids, lipoteichoic acids, lipoglycans, neural complex polysaccharides and several specialized proteins are frequently unique wall-associated components of Gram-positive bacteria; Bacterial cells evolving signal transduction pathways; Underlying mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.

Download or read book Drug Induced Liver Injury written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-07-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Volume 85, the newest volume in the Advances in Pharmacology series, presents a variety of chapters from the best authors in the field. Chapters in this new release include Cell death mechanisms in DILI, Mitochondria in DILI, Primary hepatocytes and their cultures for the testing of drug-induced liver injury, MetaHeps an alternate approach to identify IDILI, Autophagy and DILI, Biomarkers and DILI, Regeneration and DILI, Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Mechanisms of Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Liver Injury, the Evaluation and Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicity, and much more. - Includes the authority and expertise of leading contributors in pharmacology - Presents the latest release in the Advances in Pharmacology series

Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development written by Ali S. Faqi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Guide to Toxicology in Nonclinical Drug Development, Second Edition, is a valuable reference designed to provide a complete understanding of all aspects of nonclinical toxicology in the development of small molecules and biologics. This updated edition has been reorganized and expanded to include important topics such as stem cells in nonclinical toxicology, inhalation and dermal toxicology, pitfalls in drug development, biomarkers in toxicology, and more. Thoroughly updated to reflect the latest scientific advances and with increased coverage of international regulatory guidelines, this second edition is an essential and practical resource for all toxicologists involved in nonclinical testing in industry, academic, and regulatory settings. - Provides unique content that is not always covered together in one comprehensive resource, including chapters on stem cells, abuse liability, biomarkers, inhalation toxicology, biostatistics, and more - Updated with the latest international guidelines for nonclinical toxicology in both small and large molecules - Incorporates practical examples in order to illustrate day-to-day activities and the expectations associated with working in nonclinical toxicology

Download or read book Haschek and Rousseaux s Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology written by Wanda M Haschek and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 3055 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology is a key reference on the integration of structure and functional changes in tissues associated with the response to pharmaceuticals, chemicals and biologics. The 3e has been expanded by a full volume, and covers aspects of safety assessment not discussed in the 2e. Completely revised with many new chapters, it remains the most authoritative reference on toxicologic pathology for scientists and researchers studying and making decisions on drugs, biologics, medical devices and other chemicals, including agrochemicals and environmental contaminants. New topics include safety assessment, the drug life cycle, risk assessment, communication and management, carcinogenicity assessment, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, biomarkers in toxicologic pathology, quality assurance, peer review, agrochemicals, nanotechnology, food and toxicologic pathology, the environment and toxicologic pathology and more. - Provides new chapters and in-depth discussion of timely topics in the area of toxicologic pathology and broadens the scope of the audience to include toxicologists and pathologists working in a variety of settings - Offers high-quality and trusted content in a multi-contributed work written by leading international authorities in all areas of toxicologic pathology - Features hundreds of full color images in both the print and electronic versions of the book to highlight difficult concepts with clear illustrations

Download or read book Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants written by Victor Kuete and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 742 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants provides a detailed overview of toxicological studies relating to traditionally used medicinal plants in Africa, with special emphasis on the methodologies and tools used for data collection and interpretation. The book considers the physical parameters of these plants and their effect upon various areas of the body and human health, including chapters dedicated to genotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and specific organs and systems.Following this discussion of the effects of medicinal plants is a critical review of the guidelines and methods in use for toxicological research as well as the state of toxicology studies in Africa. With up-to-date research provided by a team of experts, Toxicological Survey of African Medicinal Plants is an invaluable resource for researchers and students involved in pharmacology, toxicology, phytochemistry, medicine, pharmacognosy, and pharmaceutical biology. - Offers a critical review of the methods used in toxicological survey of medicinal plants - Provides up-to-date toxicological data on African medicinal plants and families - Serves as a resource tool for students and scientists in the various areas of toxicology

Download or read book Peptides and Proteins as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Repair written by Mario Barbosa and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Peptides and Proteins as Biomaterials for Tissue Regeneration and Repair highlights the various important considerations that go into biomaterial development, both in terms of fundamentals and applications. After covering a general introduction to protein and cell interactions with biomaterials, the book discusses proteins in biomaterials that mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM). The properties, fabrication and application of peptide biomaterials and protein-based biomaterials are discussed in addition to in vivo and in vitro studies. This book is a valuable resource for researchers, scientists and advanced students interested in biomaterials science, chemistry, molecular biology and nanotechnology. - Presents an all-inclusive and authoritative coverage of the important role which protein and peptides play as biomaterials for tissue regeneration - Explores protein and peptides from the fundamentals, to processing and applications - Written by an international group of leading biomaterials researchers

Download or read book Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-10-22 with total page 801 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioactive Food as Dietary Interventions for Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease provides valuable insights for those seeking nutritional treatment options for those suffering from liver and/or related gastrointestinal disease including Crohn's, allergies, and colitis among others. Information is presented on a variety of foods including herbs, fruits, soy and olive oil. This book serves as a valuable resource for researchers in nutrition, nephrology, and gastroenterology. - Addresses the most positive results from dietary interventions using bioactive foods to impact diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal system, including reduction of inflammation, improved function, and nutritional efficiency - Presents a wide range of liver and gastrointestinal diseases and provides important information for additional research - Associated information can be used to understand other diseases, which share common etiological pathways

Download or read book Protein Structure and Modeling written by Natalya Kurochkina and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-04 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will consider principles of the organization of protein molecules, the relationships between primary, secondary, and tertiary structure, the determinants of protein conformation, and the applications of structure determination and structure modeling in biomedical research.

Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Blue Biotechnology written by Stephane La Barre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-09-06 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its integral treatment of ecosystem and resource management, this is the only overview of the field to address current thinking and future trends. All contributions have been written with the novice in mind, explaining the basics and highlighting recent developments and achievements. Unmatched in scope, this two-volume reference covers both traditional and well-established areas of marine biotechnology, such as biomass production, alongside such novel ones as biofuels, biological protection of structures and bioinspired materials. In so doing, it ties together information usually only found in widely dispersed sources to assemble a grand unified view of the current state of and prospects for this multi-faceted discipline. The combination of the breadth of topics and the focus on modern ideas make this introductory book especially suitable for teaching purposes and for guiding newcomers to the many possibilities offered by this booming field.

Download or read book The Prokaryotes written by Edward F. DeLong and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-13 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea

Download or read book Active Site directed Enzyme Inhibitors written by Weiping Zheng and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-09-13 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our biological system is enriched with enzyme-catalyzed (or enzymatic) reactions that mediate a great multitude of life processes such as gene transcription and metabolism, and the inappropriately up-regulated activity of these enzymatic reactions is a major cause of human diseases such as cancer and metabolic diseases. Therefore, the inhibitors of enzymatic reactions (generally called enzyme inhibitors) constitute a major class of therapeutic agents on the global drug market. One question would then be how to efficiently design enzyme inhibitors. This handbook is the first of its kind in the field, introducing to its readers in a single book the concepts whose exploitation has been demonstrated to be successful in efficiently furnishing effective active site-directed inhibitors for various enzymatic reactions. The book is organized by different concepts and for each concept there is a delineation of its mode of working and its applications with different types of enzymatic reactions. Active Site-directed Enzyme Inhibitors will help its readers to quickly and efficiently obtain effective active site-directed inhibitors for any of the enzymatic reactions under study without a need to resort to library screening- and biostructure-based techniques. This handbook is ideal as an immediate resource for researchers to consult or for students to supplement their study in medicinal chemistry and related courses.

Download or read book Systems Biology of Free Radicals and Antioxidants written by Ismail Laher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this collection of illustrated reviews is to discuss the systems biology of free radicals and anti-oxidants. Free radical induced cellular damage in a variety of tissues and organs is reviewed, with detailed discussion of molecular and cellular mechanisms. The collection is aimed at those new to the field, as well as clinicians and scientists with long standing interests in free radical biology. A feature of this collection is that the material also brings insights into various diseases where free radicals are thought to play a role. There is extensive discussion of the success and limitations of the use of antioxidants in several clinical settings.